feat: Add MCP UI Demo server and integrate UI rendering capabilities

* feat: update Google and OpenAI SDKs with new features and fixes

- Updated Google SDK to ensure model paths are correctly formatted.
- Enhanced OpenAI SDK to include support for image URLs in chat responses.
- Added reasoning content handling in OpenAI chat responses and chunks.
- Introduced Azure Anthropic provider configuration for Claude integration.

* fix: azure error

* fix: lint

* fix: test

* fix: test

* fix type

* fix comment

* fix: redundant

* chore resolution

* fix: test

* fix: comment

* fix: comment

* fix

* feat: 添加 OpenRouter 推理中间件以支持内容过滤

.github/CODEOWNERS

@@ -3,3 +3,4 @@
 /src/main/services/ConfigManager.ts @0xfullex
 /packages/shared/IpcChannel.ts @0xfullex
 /src/main/ipc.ts @0xfullex
+/app-upgrade-config.json @kangfenmao

.github/workflows/auto-i18n.yml

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ jobs:
         with:
           token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} # Use the built-in GITHUB_TOKEN for bot actions
           commit-message: "feat(bot): Weekly automated script run"
-          title: "🤖 Weekly Automated Update: ${{ env.CURRENT_DATE }}"
+          title: "🤖 Weekly Auto I18N Sync: ${{ env.CURRENT_DATE }}"
           body: |
             This PR includes changes generated by the weekly auto i18n.
             Review the changes before merging.

.github/workflows/update-app-upgrade-config.yml

@@ -0,0 +1,212 @@
+name: Update App Upgrade Config
+
+on:
+  release:
+    types:
+      - released
+      - prereleased
+  workflow_dispatch:
+    inputs:
+      tag:
+        description: "Release tag (e.g., v1.2.3)"
+        required: true
+        type: string
+      is_prerelease:
+        description: "Mark the tag as a prerelease when running manually"
+        required: false
+        default: false
+        type: boolean
+
+permissions:
+  contents: write
+  pull-requests: write
+
+jobs:
+  propose-update:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    if: github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' || (github.event_name == 'release' && github.event.release.draft == false)
+
+    steps:
+      - name: Check if should proceed
+        id: check
+        run: |
+          EVENT="${{ github.event_name }}"
+
+          if [ "$EVENT" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}"
+          else
+            TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"
+          fi
+
+          latest_tag=$(
+            curl -L \
+              -H "Accept: application/vnd.github+json" \
+              -H "Authorization: Bearer ${{ github.token }}" \
+              -H "X-GitHub-Api-Version: 2022-11-28" \
+              https://api.github.com/repos/${{ github.repository }}/releases/latest \
+              | jq -r '.tag_name'
+          )
+
+          if [ "$EVENT" = "workflow_dispatch" ]; then
+            MANUAL_IS_PRERELEASE="${{ github.event.inputs.is_prerelease }}"
+            if [ -z "$MANUAL_IS_PRERELEASE" ]; then
+              MANUAL_IS_PRERELEASE="false"
+            fi
+            if [ "$MANUAL_IS_PRERELEASE" = "true" ]; then
+              if ! echo "$TAG" | grep -E '(-beta([.-][0-9]+)?|-rc([.-][0-9]+)?)' >/dev/null; then
+                echo "Manual prerelease flag set but tag $TAG lacks beta/rc suffix. Skipping." >&2
+                echo "should_run=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+                echo "is_prerelease=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+                echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+                exit 0
+              fi
+            fi
+            echo "should_run=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "is_prerelease=$MANUAL_IS_PRERELEASE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          IS_PRERELEASE="${{ github.event.release.prerelease }}"
+
+          if [ "$IS_PRERELEASE" = "true" ]; then
+            if ! echo "$TAG" | grep -E '(-beta([.-][0-9]+)?|-rc([.-][0-9]+)?)' >/dev/null; then
+              echo "Release marked as prerelease but tag $TAG lacks beta/rc suffix. Skipping." >&2
+              echo "should_run=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+              echo "is_prerelease=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+              echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+              exit 0
+            fi
+            echo "should_run=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "is_prerelease=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Release is prerelease, proceeding"
+            exit 0
+          fi
+
+          if [[ "${latest_tag}" == "$TAG" ]]; then
+            echo "should_run=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "is_prerelease=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Release is latest, proceeding"
+          else
+            echo "should_run=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "is_prerelease=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "latest_tag=$latest_tag" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+            echo "Release is neither prerelease nor latest, skipping"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Prepare metadata
+        id: meta
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        run: |
+          EVENT="${{ github.event_name }}"
+          LATEST_TAG="${{ steps.check.outputs.latest_tag }}"
+          if [ "$EVENT" = "release" ]; then
+            TAG="${{ github.event.release.tag_name }}"
+            PRE="${{ github.event.release.prerelease }}"
+
+            if [ -n "$LATEST_TAG" ] && [ "$LATEST_TAG" = "$TAG" ]; then
+              LATEST="true"
+            else
+              LATEST="false"
+            fi
+            TRIGGER="release"
+          else
+            TAG="${{ github.event.inputs.tag }}"
+            PRE="${{ github.event.inputs.is_prerelease }}"
+            if [ -z "$PRE" ]; then
+              PRE="false"
+            fi
+            if [ -n "$LATEST_TAG" ] && [ "$LATEST_TAG" = "$TAG" ] && [ "$PRE" != "true" ]; then
+              LATEST="true"
+            else
+              LATEST="false"
+            fi
+            TRIGGER="manual"
+          fi
+
+          SAFE_TAG=$(echo "$TAG" | sed 's/[^A-Za-z0-9._-]/-/g')
+          echo "tag=$TAG" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "safe_tag=$SAFE_TAG" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "prerelease=$PRE" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "latest=$LATEST" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          echo "trigger=$TRIGGER" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+
+      - name: Checkout default branch
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          ref: ${{ github.event.repository.default_branch }}
+          path: main
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Checkout x-files/app-upgrade-config branch
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        uses: actions/checkout@v5
+        with:
+          ref: x-files/app-upgrade-config
+          path: cs
+          fetch-depth: 0
+
+      - name: Setup Node.js
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
+        with:
+          node-version: 22
+
+      - name: Enable Corepack
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        run: corepack enable && corepack prepare yarn@4.9.1 --activate
+
+      - name: Install dependencies
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        working-directory: main
+        run: yarn install --immutable
+
+      - name: Update upgrade config
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        working-directory: main
+        env:
+          RELEASE_TAG: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tag }}
+          IS_PRERELEASE: ${{ steps.check.outputs.is_prerelease }}
+        run: |
+          yarn tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts \
+            --tag "$RELEASE_TAG" \
+            --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json \
+            --is-prerelease "$IS_PRERELEASE"
+
+      - name: Detect changes
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true'
+        id: diff
+        working-directory: cs
+        run: |
+          if git diff --quiet -- app-upgrade-config.json; then
+            echo "changed=false" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          else
+            echo "changed=true" >> "$GITHUB_OUTPUT"
+          fi
+
+      - name: Create pull request
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true' && steps.diff.outputs.changed == 'true'
+        uses: peter-evans/create-pull-request@v7
+        with:
+          path: cs
+          base: x-files/app-upgrade-config
+          branch: chore/update-app-upgrade-config/${{ steps.meta.outputs.safe_tag }}
+          commit-message: "🤖 chore: sync app-upgrade-config for ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tag }}"
+          title: "chore: update app-upgrade-config for ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tag }}"
+          body: |
+            Automated update triggered by `${{ steps.meta.outputs.trigger }}`.
+
+            - Source tag: `${{ steps.meta.outputs.tag }}`
+            - Pre-release: `${{ steps.meta.outputs.prerelease }}`
+            - Latest: `${{ steps.meta.outputs.latest }}`
+            - Workflow run: https://github.com/${{ github.repository }}/actions/runs/${{ github.run_id }}
+          labels: |
+            automation
+            app-upgrade
+
+      - name: No changes detected
+        if: steps.check.outputs.should_run == 'true' && steps.diff.outputs.changed != 'true'
+        run: echo "No updates required for x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json"

.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-google-npm-2.0.40-47e0eeee83.patch

@@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
 diff --git a/dist/index.js b/dist/index.js
-index ff305b112779b718f21a636a27b1196125a332d9..cf32ff5086d4d9e56f8fe90c98724559083bafc3 100644
+index dc7b74ba55337c491cdf1ab3e39ca68cc4187884..ace8c90591288e42c2957e93c9bf7984f1b22444 100644
 --- a/dist/index.js
 +++ b/dist/index.js
-@@ -471,7 +471,7 @@ function convertToGoogleGenerativeAIMessages(prompt, options) {
+@@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ function convertToGoogleGenerativeAIMessages(prompt, options) {
  
  // src/get-model-path.ts
  function getModelPath(modelId) {
@@ -12,10 +12,10 @@ index ff305b112779b718f21a636a27b1196125a332d9..cf32ff5086d4d9e56f8fe90c98724559
  
  // src/google-generative-ai-options.ts
 diff --git a/dist/index.mjs b/dist/index.mjs
-index 57659290f1cec74878a385626ad75b2a4d5cd3fc..d04e5927ec3725b6ffdb80868bfa1b5a48849537 100644
+index 8390439c38cb7eaeb52080862cd6f4c58509e67c..a7647f2e11700dff7e1c8d4ae8f99d3637010733 100644
 --- a/dist/index.mjs
 +++ b/dist/index.mjs
-@@ -477,7 +477,7 @@ function convertToGoogleGenerativeAIMessages(prompt, options) {
+@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ function convertToGoogleGenerativeAIMessages(prompt, options) {
  
  // src/get-model-path.ts
  function getModelPath(modelId) {

.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-huggingface-npm-0.0.8-d4d0aaac93.patch

@@ -1,131 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/dist/index.mjs b/dist/index.mjs
-index b3f018730a93639aad7c203f15fb1aeb766c73f4..ade2a43d66e9184799d072153df61ef7be4ea110 100644
---- a/dist/index.mjs
-+++ b/dist/index.mjs
-@@ -296,7 +296,14 @@ var HuggingFaceResponsesLanguageModel = class {
-       metadata: huggingfaceOptions == null ? void 0 : huggingfaceOptions.metadata,
-       instructions: huggingfaceOptions == null ? void 0 : huggingfaceOptions.instructions,
-       ...preparedTools && { tools: preparedTools },
--      ...preparedToolChoice && { tool_choice: preparedToolChoice }
-+      ...preparedToolChoice && { tool_choice: preparedToolChoice },
-+      ...(huggingfaceOptions?.reasoningEffort != null && {
-+        reasoning: {
-+          ...(huggingfaceOptions?.reasoningEffort != null && {
-+            effort: huggingfaceOptions.reasoningEffort,
-+          }),
-+        },
-+      }),
-     };
-     return { args: baseArgs, warnings };
-   }
-@@ -365,6 +372,20 @@ var HuggingFaceResponsesLanguageModel = class {
-           }
-           break;
-         }
-+        case 'reasoning': {
-+          for (const contentPart of part.content) {
-+            content.push({
-+              type: 'reasoning',
-+              text: contentPart.text,
-+              providerMetadata: {
-+                huggingface: {
-+                  itemId: part.id,
-+                },
-+              },
-+            });
-+          }
-+          break;
-+        }
-         case "mcp_call": {
-           content.push({
-             type: "tool-call",
-@@ -519,6 +540,11 @@ var HuggingFaceResponsesLanguageModel = class {
-                   id: value.item.call_id,
-                   toolName: value.item.name
-                 });
-+              } else if (value.item.type === 'reasoning') {
-+                controller.enqueue({
-+                  type: 'reasoning-start',
-+                  id: value.item.id,
-+                });
-               }
-               return;
-             }
-@@ -570,6 +596,22 @@ var HuggingFaceResponsesLanguageModel = class {
-               });
-               return;
-             }
-+            if (isReasoningDeltaChunk(value)) {
-+              controller.enqueue({
-+                type: 'reasoning-delta',
-+                id: value.item_id,
-+                delta: value.delta,
-+              });
-+              return;
-+            }
-+
-+            if (isReasoningEndChunk(value)) {
-+              controller.enqueue({
-+                type: 'reasoning-end',
-+                id: value.item_id,
-+              });
-+              return;
-+            }
-           },
-           flush(controller) {
-             controller.enqueue({
-@@ -593,7 +635,8 @@ var HuggingFaceResponsesLanguageModel = class {
- var huggingfaceResponsesProviderOptionsSchema = z2.object({
-   metadata: z2.record(z2.string(), z2.string()).optional(),
-   instructions: z2.string().optional(),
--  strictJsonSchema: z2.boolean().optional()
-+  strictJsonSchema: z2.boolean().optional(),
-+  reasoningEffort: z2.string().optional(),
- });
- var huggingfaceResponsesResponseSchema = z2.object({
-   id: z2.string(),
-@@ -727,12 +770,31 @@ var responseCreatedChunkSchema = z2.object({
-     model: z2.string()
-   })
- });
-+var reasoningTextDeltaChunkSchema = z2.object({
-+  type: z2.literal('response.reasoning_text.delta'),
-+  item_id: z2.string(),
-+  output_index: z2.number(),
-+  content_index: z2.number(),
-+  delta: z2.string(),
-+  sequence_number: z2.number(),
-+});
-+
-+var reasoningTextEndChunkSchema = z2.object({
-+  type: z2.literal('response.reasoning_text.done'),
-+  item_id: z2.string(),
-+  output_index: z2.number(),
-+  content_index: z2.number(),
-+  text: z2.string(),
-+  sequence_number: z2.number(),
-+});
- var huggingfaceResponsesChunkSchema = z2.union([
-   responseOutputItemAddedSchema,
-   responseOutputItemDoneSchema,
-   textDeltaChunkSchema,
-   responseCompletedChunkSchema,
-   responseCreatedChunkSchema,
-+  reasoningTextDeltaChunkSchema,
-+  reasoningTextEndChunkSchema,
-   z2.object({ type: z2.string() }).loose()
-   // fallback for unknown chunks
- ]);
-@@ -751,6 +813,12 @@ function isResponseCompletedChunk(chunk) {
- function isResponseCreatedChunk(chunk) {
-   return chunk.type === "response.created";
- }
-+function isReasoningDeltaChunk(chunk) {
-+  return chunk.type === 'response.reasoning_text.delta';
-+}
-+function isReasoningEndChunk(chunk) {
-+  return chunk.type === 'response.reasoning_text.done';
-+}
- 
- // src/huggingface-provider.ts
- function createHuggingFace(options = {}) {

.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-compatible-npm-1.0.27-06f74278cf.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,140 @@
+diff --git a/dist/index.js b/dist/index.js
+index 73045a7d38faafdc7f7d2cd79d7ff0e2b031056b..8d948c9ac4ea4b474db9ef3c5491961e7fcf9a07 100644
+--- a/dist/index.js
++++ b/dist/index.js
+@@ -421,6 +421,17 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatLanguageModel = class {
+         text: reasoning
+       });
+     }
++    if (choice.message.images) {
++      for (const image of choice.message.images) {
++        const match1 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:([^;]+)/)
++        const match2 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:[^;]*;base64,(.+)$/);
++        content.push({
++          type: 'file',
++          mediaType: match1 ? (match1[1] ?? 'image/jpeg') : 'image/jpeg',
++          data: match2 ? match2[1] : image.image_url.url,
++        });
++      }
++    }
+     if (choice.message.tool_calls != null) {
+       for (const toolCall of choice.message.tool_calls) {
+         content.push({
+@@ -598,6 +609,17 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatLanguageModel = class {
+                 delta: delta.content
+               });
+             }
++            if (delta.images) {
++              for (const image of delta.images) {
++                const match1 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:([^;]+)/)
++                const match2 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:[^;]*;base64,(.+)$/);
++                controller.enqueue({
++                  type: 'file',
++                  mediaType: match1 ? (match1[1] ?? 'image/jpeg') : 'image/jpeg',
++                  data: match2 ? match2[1] : image.image_url.url,
++                });
++              }
++            }
+             if (delta.tool_calls != null) {
+               for (const toolCallDelta of delta.tool_calls) {
+                 const index = toolCallDelta.index;
+@@ -765,6 +787,14 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatResponseSchema = import_v43.z.object({
+               arguments: import_v43.z.string()
+             })
+           })
++        ).nullish(),
++        images: import_v43.z.array(
++          import_v43.z.object({
++            type: import_v43.z.literal('image_url'),
++            image_url: import_v43.z.object({
++              url: import_v43.z.string(),
++            })
++          })
+         ).nullish()
+       }),
+       finish_reason: import_v43.z.string().nullish()
+@@ -795,6 +825,14 @@ var createOpenAICompatibleChatChunkSchema = (errorSchema) => import_v43.z.union(
+                 arguments: import_v43.z.string().nullish()
+               })
+             })
++          ).nullish(),
++          images: import_v43.z.array(
++            import_v43.z.object({
++              type: import_v43.z.literal('image_url'),
++              image_url: import_v43.z.object({
++                url: import_v43.z.string(),
++              })
++            })
+           ).nullish()
+         }).nullish(),
+         finish_reason: import_v43.z.string().nullish()
+diff --git a/dist/index.mjs b/dist/index.mjs
+index 1c2b9560bbfbfe10cb01af080aeeed4ff59db29c..2c8ddc4fc9bfc5e7e06cfca105d197a08864c427 100644
+--- a/dist/index.mjs
++++ b/dist/index.mjs
+@@ -405,6 +405,17 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatLanguageModel = class {
+         text: reasoning
+       });
+     }
++    if (choice.message.images) {
++      for (const image of choice.message.images) {
++        const match1 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:([^;]+)/)
++        const match2 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:[^;]*;base64,(.+)$/);
++        content.push({
++          type: 'file',
++          mediaType: match1 ? (match1[1] ?? 'image/jpeg') : 'image/jpeg',
++          data: match2 ? match2[1] : image.image_url.url,
++        });
++      }
++    }
+     if (choice.message.tool_calls != null) {
+       for (const toolCall of choice.message.tool_calls) {
+         content.push({
+@@ -582,6 +593,17 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatLanguageModel = class {
+                 delta: delta.content
+               });
+             }
++            if (delta.images) {
++              for (const image of delta.images) {
++                const match1 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:([^;]+)/)
++                const match2 = image.image_url.url.match(/^data:[^;]*;base64,(.+)$/);
++                controller.enqueue({
++                  type: 'file',
++                  mediaType: match1 ? (match1[1] ?? 'image/jpeg') : 'image/jpeg',
++                  data: match2 ? match2[1] : image.image_url.url,
++                });
++              }
++            }
+             if (delta.tool_calls != null) {
+               for (const toolCallDelta of delta.tool_calls) {
+                 const index = toolCallDelta.index;
+@@ -749,6 +771,14 @@ var OpenAICompatibleChatResponseSchema = z3.object({
+               arguments: z3.string()
+             })
+           })
++        ).nullish(),
++        images: z3.array(
++          z3.object({
++            type: z3.literal('image_url'),
++            image_url: z3.object({
++              url: z3.string(),
++            })
++          })
+         ).nullish()
+       }),
+       finish_reason: z3.string().nullish()
+@@ -779,6 +809,14 @@ var createOpenAICompatibleChatChunkSchema = (errorSchema) => z3.union([
+                 arguments: z3.string().nullish()
+               })
+             })
++          ).nullish(),
++          images: z3.array(
++            z3.object({
++              type: z3.literal('image_url'),
++              image_url: z3.object({
++                url: z3.string(),
++              })
++            })
+           ).nullish()
+         }).nullish(),
+         finish_reason: z3.string().nullish()

.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.71-a88ef00525.patch

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 diff --git a/dist/index.js b/dist/index.js
-index 992c85ac6656e51c3471af741583533c5a7bf79f..83c05952a07aebb95fc6c62f9ddb8aa96b52ac0d 100644
+index 7481f3b3511078068d87d03855b568b20bb86971..8ac5ec28d2f7ad1b3b0d3f8da945c75674e59637 100644
 --- a/dist/index.js
 +++ b/dist/index.js
 @@ -274,6 +274,7 @@ var openaiChatResponseSchema = (0, import_provider_utils3.lazyValidator)(
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ index 992c85ac6656e51c3471af741583533c5a7bf79f..83c05952a07aebb95fc6c62f9ddb8aa9
                tool_calls: import_v42.z.array(
                  import_v42.z.object({
                    index: import_v42.z.number(),
-@@ -785,6 +787,13 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
+@@ -795,6 +797,13 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
      if (text != null && text.length > 0) {
        content.push({ type: "text", text });
      }
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ index 992c85ac6656e51c3471af741583533c5a7bf79f..83c05952a07aebb95fc6c62f9ddb8aa9
      for (const toolCall of (_a = choice.message.tool_calls) != null ? _a : []) {
        content.push({
          type: "tool-call",
-@@ -866,6 +875,7 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
+@@ -876,6 +885,7 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
      };
      let metadataExtracted = false;
      let isActiveText = false;
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ index 992c85ac6656e51c3471af741583533c5a7bf79f..83c05952a07aebb95fc6c62f9ddb8aa9
      const providerMetadata = { openai: {} };
      return {
        stream: response.pipeThrough(
-@@ -923,6 +933,21 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
+@@ -933,6 +943,21 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
                return;
              }
              const delta = choice.delta;
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ index 992c85ac6656e51c3471af741583533c5a7bf79f..83c05952a07aebb95fc6c62f9ddb8aa9
              if (delta.content != null) {
                if (!isActiveText) {
                  controller.enqueue({ type: "text-start", id: "0" });
-@@ -1035,6 +1060,9 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
+@@ -1045,6 +1070,9 @@ var OpenAIChatLanguageModel = class {
              }
            },
            flush(controller) {

.yarn/patches/app-builder-lib-npm-26.0.15-360e5b0476.patch

@@ -1,276 +0,0 @@
-diff --git a/out/macPackager.js b/out/macPackager.js
-index 852f6c4d16f86a7bb8a78bf1ed5a14647a279aa1..60e7f5f16a844541eb1909b215fcda1811e924b8 100644
---- a/out/macPackager.js
-+++ b/out/macPackager.js
-@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ class MacPackager extends platformPackager_1.PlatformPackager {
-         }
-         appPlist.CFBundleName = appInfo.productName;
-         appPlist.CFBundleDisplayName = appInfo.productName;
--        const minimumSystemVersion = this.platformSpecificBuildOptions.minimumSystemVersion;
-+        const minimumSystemVersion = this.platformSpecificBuildOptions.LSMinimumSystemVersion;
-         if (minimumSystemVersion != null) {
-             appPlist.LSMinimumSystemVersion = minimumSystemVersion;
-         }
-diff --git a/out/publish/updateInfoBuilder.js b/out/publish/updateInfoBuilder.js
-index 7924c5b47d01f8dfccccb8f46658015fa66da1f7..1a1588923c3939ae1297b87931ba83f0ebc052d8 100644
---- a/out/publish/updateInfoBuilder.js
-+++ b/out/publish/updateInfoBuilder.js
-@@ -133,6 +133,7 @@ async function createUpdateInfo(version, event, releaseInfo) {
-     const customUpdateInfo = event.updateInfo;
-     const url = path.basename(event.file);
-     const sha512 = (customUpdateInfo == null ? null : customUpdateInfo.sha512) || (await (0, hash_1.hashFile)(event.file));
-+    const minimumSystemVersion = customUpdateInfo == null ? null : customUpdateInfo.minimumSystemVersion;
-     const files = [{ url, sha512 }];
-     const result = {
-         // @ts-ignore
-@@ -143,9 +144,13 @@ async function createUpdateInfo(version, event, releaseInfo) {
-         path: url /* backward compatibility, electron-updater 1.x - electron-updater 2.15.0 */,
-         // @ts-ignore
-         sha512 /* backward compatibility, electron-updater 1.x - electron-updater 2.15.0 */,
-+        minimumSystemVersion,
-         ...releaseInfo,
-     };
-     if (customUpdateInfo != null) {
-+        if (customUpdateInfo.minimumSystemVersion) {
-+            delete customUpdateInfo.minimumSystemVersion;
-+        }
-         // file info or nsis web installer packages info
-         Object.assign("sha512" in customUpdateInfo ? files[0] : result, customUpdateInfo);
-     }
-diff --git a/out/targets/ArchiveTarget.js b/out/targets/ArchiveTarget.js
-index e1f52a5fa86fff6643b2e57eaf2af318d541f865..47cc347f154a24b365e70ae5e1f6d309f3582ed0 100644
---- a/out/targets/ArchiveTarget.js
-+++ b/out/targets/ArchiveTarget.js
-@@ -69,6 +69,9 @@ class ArchiveTarget extends core_1.Target {
-                     }
-                 }
-             }
-+            if (updateInfo != null && this.packager.platformSpecificBuildOptions.minimumSystemVersion) {
-+                updateInfo.minimumSystemVersion = this.packager.platformSpecificBuildOptions.minimumSystemVersion;
-+            }
-             await packager.info.emitArtifactBuildCompleted({
-                 updateInfo,
-                 file: artifactPath,
-diff --git a/out/targets/nsis/NsisTarget.js b/out/targets/nsis/NsisTarget.js
-index e8bd7bb46c8a54b3f55cf3a853ef924195271e01..f956e9f3fe9eb903c78aef3502553b01de4b89b1 100644
---- a/out/targets/nsis/NsisTarget.js
-+++ b/out/targets/nsis/NsisTarget.js
-@@ -305,6 +305,9 @@ class NsisTarget extends core_1.Target {
-             if (updateInfo != null && isPerMachine && (oneClick || options.packElevateHelper)) {
-                 updateInfo.isAdminRightsRequired = true;
-             }
-+            if (updateInfo != null && this.packager.platformSpecificBuildOptions.minimumSystemVersion) {
-+                updateInfo.minimumSystemVersion = this.packager.platformSpecificBuildOptions.minimumSystemVersion;
-+            }
-             await packager.info.emitArtifactBuildCompleted({
-                 file: installerPath,
-                 updateInfo,
-diff --git a/out/util/yarn.js b/out/util/yarn.js
-index 1ee20f8b252a8f28d0c7b103789cf0a9a427aec1..c2878ec54d57da50bf14225e0c70c9c88664eb8a 100644
---- a/out/util/yarn.js
-+++ b/out/util/yarn.js
-@@ -140,6 +140,7 @@ async function rebuild(config, { appDir, projectDir }, options) {
-         arch,
-         platform,
-         buildFromSource,
-+        ignoreModules: config.excludeReBuildModules || undefined,
-         projectRootPath: projectDir,
-         mode: config.nativeRebuilder || "sequential",
-         disablePreGypCopy: true,
-diff --git a/scheme.json b/scheme.json
-index 433e2efc9cef156ff5444f0c4520362ed2ef9ea7..0167441bf928a92f59b5dbe70b2317a74dda74c9 100644
---- a/scheme.json
-+++ b/scheme.json
-@@ -1825,6 +1825,20 @@
-             "string"
-           ]
-         },
-+        "excludeReBuildModules": {
-+          "anyOf": [
-+            {
-+              "items": {
-+                "type": "string"
-+              },
-+              "type": "array"
-+            },
-+            {
-+              "type": "null"
-+            }
-+          ],
-+          "description": "The modules to exclude from the rebuild."
-+        },
-         "executableArgs": {
-           "anyOf": [
-             {
-@@ -1975,6 +1989,13 @@
-           ],
-           "description": "The mime types in addition to specified in the file associations. Use it if you don't want to register a new mime type, but reuse existing."
-         },
-+        "minimumSystemVersion": {
-+          "description": "The minimum os kernel version required to install the application.",
-+          "type": [
-+            "null",
-+            "string"
-+          ]
-+        },
-         "packageCategory": {
-           "description": "backward compatibility + to allow specify fpm-only category for all possible fpm targets in one place",
-           "type": [
-@@ -2327,6 +2348,13 @@
-     "MacConfiguration": {
-       "additionalProperties": false,
-       "properties": {
-+        "LSMinimumSystemVersion": {
-+          "description": "The minimum version of macOS required for the app to run. Corresponds to `LSMinimumSystemVersion`.",
-+          "type": [
-+            "null",
-+            "string"
-+          ]
-+        },
-         "additionalArguments": {
-           "anyOf": [
-             {
-@@ -2527,6 +2555,20 @@
-             "string"
-           ]
-         },
-+        "excludeReBuildModules": {
-+          "anyOf": [
-+            {
-+              "items": {
-+                "type": "string"
-+              },
-+              "type": "array"
-+            },
-+            {
-+              "type": "null"
-+            }
-+          ],
-+          "description": "The modules to exclude from the rebuild."
-+        },
-         "executableName": {
-           "description": "The executable name. Defaults to `productName`.",
-           "type": [
-@@ -2737,7 +2779,7 @@
-           "type": "boolean"
-         },
-         "minimumSystemVersion": {
--          "description": "The minimum version of macOS required for the app to run. Corresponds to `LSMinimumSystemVersion`.",
-+          "description": "The minimum os kernel version required to install the application.",
-           "type": [
-             "null",
-             "string"
-@@ -2959,6 +3001,13 @@
-     "MasConfiguration": {
-       "additionalProperties": false,
-       "properties": {
-+        "LSMinimumSystemVersion": {
-+          "description": "The minimum version of macOS required for the app to run. Corresponds to `LSMinimumSystemVersion`.",
-+          "type": [
-+            "null",
-+            "string"
-+          ]
-+        },
-         "additionalArguments": {
-           "anyOf": [
-             {
-@@ -3159,6 +3208,20 @@
-             "string"
-           ]
-         },
-+        "excludeReBuildModules": {
-+          "anyOf": [
-+            {
-+              "items": {
-+                "type": "string"
-+              },
-+              "type": "array"
-+            },
-+            {
-+              "type": "null"
-+            }
-+          ],
-+          "description": "The modules to exclude from the rebuild."
-+        },
-         "executableName": {
-           "description": "The executable name. Defaults to `productName`.",
-           "type": [
-@@ -3369,7 +3432,7 @@
-           "type": "boolean"
-         },
-         "minimumSystemVersion": {
--          "description": "The minimum version of macOS required for the app to run. Corresponds to `LSMinimumSystemVersion`.",
-+          "description": "The minimum os kernel version required to install the application.",
-           "type": [
-             "null",
-             "string"
-@@ -6381,6 +6444,20 @@
-             "string"
-           ]
-         },
-+        "excludeReBuildModules": {
-+          "anyOf": [
-+            {
-+              "items": {
-+                "type": "string"
-+              },
-+              "type": "array"
-+            },
-+            {
-+              "type": "null"
-+            }
-+          ],
-+          "description": "The modules to exclude from the rebuild."
-+        },
-         "executableName": {
-           "description": "The executable name. Defaults to `productName`.",
-           "type": [
-@@ -6507,6 +6584,13 @@
-             "string"
-           ]
-         },
-+        "minimumSystemVersion": {
-+          "description": "The minimum os kernel version required to install the application.",
-+          "type": [
-+            "null",
-+            "string"
-+          ]
-+        },
-         "protocols": {
-           "anyOf": [
-             {
-@@ -7153,6 +7237,20 @@
-         "string"
-       ]
-     },
-+    "excludeReBuildModules": {
-+      "anyOf": [
-+        {
-+          "items": {
-+            "type": "string"
-+          },
-+          "type": "array"
-+        },
-+        {
-+          "type": "null"
-+        }
-+      ],
-+      "description": "The modules to exclude from the rebuild."
-+    },
-     "executableName": {
-       "description": "The executable name. Defaults to `productName`.",
-       "type": [
-@@ -7376,6 +7474,13 @@
-       ],
-       "description": "MAS (Mac Application Store) development options (`mas-dev` target)."
-     },
-+    "minimumSystemVersion": {
-+      "description": "The minimum os kernel version required to install the application.",
-+      "type": [
-+        "null",
-+        "string"
-+      ]
-+    },
-     "msi": {
-       "anyOf": [
-         {

.yarn/patches/electron-updater-npm-6.7.0-47b11bb0d4.patch

@@ -0,0 +1,14 @@
+diff --git a/out/util.js b/out/util.js
+index 9294ffd6ca8f02c2e0f90c663e7e9cdc02c1ac37..f52107493e2995320ee4efd0eb2a8c9bf03291a2 100644
+--- a/out/util.js
++++ b/out/util.js
+@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ function newUrlFromBase(pathname, baseUrl, addRandomQueryToAvoidCaching = false)
+         result.search = search;
+     }
+     else if (addRandomQueryToAvoidCaching) {
+-        result.search = `noCache=${Date.now().toString(32)}`;
++        // use no cache header instead
++        // result.search = `noCache=${Date.now().toString(32)}`;
+     }
+     return result;
+ }

app-upgrade-config.json

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+{
+  "lastUpdated": "2025-11-10T08:14:28Z",
+  "versions": {
+    "1.6.7": {
+      "metadata": {
+        "segmentId": "legacy-v1",
+        "segmentType": "legacy"
+      },
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.0.0",
+      "description": "Last stable v1.7.x release - required intermediate version for users below v1.7",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": {
+          "version": "1.6.7",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.7",
+            "gitcode": "https://releases.cherry-ai.com"
+          }
+        },
+        "rc": {
+          "version": "1.6.0-rc.5",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5"
+          }
+        },
+        "beta": {
+          "version": "1.7.0-beta.3",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "2.0.0": {
+      "metadata": {
+        "segmentId": "gateway-v2",
+        "segmentType": "breaking"
+      },
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.7.0",
+      "description": "Major release v2.0 - required intermediate version for v2.x upgrades",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": null,
+        "rc": null,
+        "beta": null
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

biome.jsonc

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@
       }
     },
     "enabled": true,
-    "includes": ["**/*.json", "!*.json", "!**/package.json"]
+    "includes": ["**/*.json", "!*.json", "!**/package.json", "!coverage/**"]
   },
   "css": {
     "formatter": {
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
   },
   "files": {
     "ignoreUnknown": false,
-    "includes": ["**", "!**/.claude/**"],
+    "includes": ["**", "!**/.claude/**", "!**/.vscode/**"],
     "maxSize": 2097152
   },
   "formatter": {

config/app-upgrade-segments.json

@@ -0,0 +1,81 @@
+{
+  "segments": [
+    {
+      "id": "legacy-v1",
+      "type": "legacy",
+      "match": {
+        "range": ">=1.0.0 <2.0.0"
+      },
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.0.0",
+      "description": "Last stable v1.7.x release - required intermediate version for users below v1.7",
+      "channelTemplates": {
+        "latest": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://releases.cherry-ai.com"
+          }
+        },
+        "rc": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        },
+        "beta": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "gateway-v2",
+      "type": "breaking",
+      "match": {
+        "exact": ["2.0.0"]
+      },
+      "lockedVersion": "2.0.0",
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.7.0",
+      "description": "Major release v2.0 - required intermediate version for v2.x upgrades",
+      "channelTemplates": {
+        "latest": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    {
+      "id": "current-v2",
+      "type": "latest",
+      "match": {
+        "range": ">=2.0.0 <3.0.0",
+        "excludeExact": ["2.0.0"]
+      },
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "2.0.0",
+      "description": "Current latest v2.x release",
+      "channelTemplates": {
+        "latest": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        },
+        "rc": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        },
+        "beta": {
+          "feedTemplates": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/{{tag}}"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}

docs/technical/app-upgrade-config-en.md

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+# Update Configuration System Design Document
+
+## Background
+
+Currently, AppUpdater directly queries the GitHub API to retrieve beta and rc update information. To support users in China, we need to fetch a static JSON configuration file from GitHub/GitCode based on IP geolocation, which contains update URLs for all channels.
+
+## Design Goals
+
+1. Support different configuration sources based on IP geolocation (GitHub/GitCode)
+2. Support version compatibility control (e.g., users below v1.x must upgrade to v1.7.0 before upgrading to v2.0)
+3. Easy to extend, supporting future multi-major-version upgrade paths (v1.6 → v1.7 → v2.0 → v2.8 → v3.0)
+4. Maintain compatibility with existing electron-updater mechanism
+
+## Current Version Strategy
+
+- **v1.7.x** is the last version of the 1.x series
+- Users **below v1.7.0** must first upgrade to v1.7.0 (or higher 1.7.x version)
+- Users **v1.7.0 and above** can directly upgrade to v2.x.x
+
+## Automation Workflow
+
+The `x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json` file is synchronized by the [`Update App Upgrade Config`](../../.github/workflows/update-app-upgrade-config.yml) workflow. The workflow runs the [`scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts`](../../scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts) helper so that every release tag automatically updates the JSON in `x-files/app-upgrade-config`.
+
+### Trigger Conditions
+
+- **Release events (`release: released/prereleased`)**  
+  - Draft releases are ignored.  
+  - When GitHub marks the release as _prerelease_, the tag must include `-beta`/`-rc` (with optional numeric suffix). Otherwise the workflow exits early.  
+  - When GitHub marks the release as stable, the tag must match the latest release returned by the GitHub API. This prevents out-of-order updates when publishing historical tags.  
+  - If the guard clauses pass, the version is tagged as `latest` or `beta/rc` based on its semantic suffix and propagated to the script through the `IS_PRERELEASE` flag.
+- **Manual dispatch (`workflow_dispatch`)**  
+  - Required input: `tag` (e.g., `v2.0.1`). Optional input: `is_prerelease` (defaults to `false`).  
+  - When `is_prerelease=true`, the tag must carry a beta/rc suffix, mirroring the automatic validation.  
+  - Manual runs still download the latest release metadata so that the workflow knows whether the tag represents the newest stable version (for documentation inside the PR body).
+
+### Workflow Steps
+
+1. **Guard + metadata preparation** – the `Check if should proceed` and `Prepare metadata` steps compute the target tag, prerelease flag, whether the tag is the newest release, and a `safe_tag` slug used for branch names. When any rule fails, the workflow stops without touching the config.
+2. **Checkout source branches** – the default branch is checked out into `main/`, while the long-lived `x-files/app-upgrade-config` branch lives in `cs/`. All modifications happen in the latter directory.
+3. **Install toolchain** – Node.js 22, Corepack, and frozen Yarn dependencies are installed inside `main/`.
+4. **Run the update script** – `yarn tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts --tag <tag> --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json --is-prerelease <flag>` updates the JSON in-place.  
+   - The script normalizes the tag (e.g., strips `v` prefix), detects the release channel (`latest`, `rc`, `beta`), and loads segment rules from `config/app-upgrade-segments.json`.  
+   - It validates that prerelease flags and semantic suffixes agree, enforces locked segments, builds mirror feed URLs, and performs release-availability checks (GitHub HEAD request for every channel; GitCode GET for latest channels, falling back to `https://releases.cherry-ai.com` when gitcode is delayed).  
+   - After updating the relevant channel entry, the script rewrites the config with semver-sort order and a new `lastUpdated` timestamp.
+5. **Detect changes + create PR** – if `cs/app-upgrade-config.json` changed, the workflow opens a PR `chore/update-app-upgrade-config/<safe_tag>` against `x-files/app-upgrade-config` with a commit message `🤖 chore: sync app-upgrade-config for <tag>`. Otherwise it logs that no update is required.
+
+### Manual Trigger Guide
+
+1. Open the Cherry Studio repository on GitHub → **Actions** tab → select **Update App Upgrade Config**.
+2. Click **Run workflow**, choose the default branch (usually `main`), and fill in the `tag` input (e.g., `v2.1.0`).  
+3. Toggle `is_prerelease` only when the tag carries a prerelease suffix (`-beta`, `-rc`). Leave it unchecked for stable releases.  
+4. Start the run and wait for it to finish. Check the generated PR in the `x-files/app-upgrade-config` branch, verify the diff in `app-upgrade-config.json`, and merge once validated.
+
+## JSON Configuration File Format
+
+### File Location
+
+- **GitHub**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/refs/heads/x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json`
+- **GitCode**: `https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/raw/x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json`
+
+**Note**: Both mirrors provide the same configuration file hosted on the `x-files/app-upgrade-config` branch. The client automatically selects the optimal mirror based on IP geolocation.
+
+### Configuration Structure (Current Implementation)
+
+```json
+{
+  "lastUpdated": "2025-01-05T00:00:00Z",
+  "versions": {
+    "1.6.7": {
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.0.0",
+      "description": "Last stable v1.7.x release - required intermediate version for users below v1.7",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": {
+          "version": "1.6.7",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.7",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.7"
+          }
+        },
+        "rc": {
+          "version": "1.6.0-rc.5",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5"
+          }
+        },
+        "beta": {
+          "version": "1.6.7-beta.3",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "2.0.0": {
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.7.0",
+      "description": "Major release v2.0 - required intermediate version for v2.x upgrades",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": null,
+        "rc": null,
+        "beta": null
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Future Extension Example
+
+When releasing v3.0, if users need to first upgrade to v2.8, you can add:
+
+```json
+{
+  "2.8.0": {
+    "minCompatibleVersion": "2.0.0",
+    "description": "Stable v2.8 - required for v3 upgrade",
+    "channels": {
+      "latest": {
+        "version": "2.8.0",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v2.8.0",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v2.8.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "rc": null,
+      "beta": null
+    }
+  },
+  "3.0.0": {
+    "minCompatibleVersion": "2.8.0",
+    "description": "Major release v3.0",
+    "channels": {
+      "latest": {
+        "version": "3.0.0",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest"
+        }
+      },
+      "rc": {
+        "version": "3.0.0-rc.1",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v3.0.0-rc.1",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v3.0.0-rc.1"
+        }
+      },
+      "beta": null
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### Field Descriptions
+
+- `lastUpdated`: Last update time of the configuration file (ISO 8601 format)
+- `versions`: Version configuration object, key is the version number, sorted by semantic versioning
+  - `minCompatibleVersion`: Minimum compatible version that can upgrade to this version
+  - `description`: Version description
+  - `channels`: Update channel configuration
+    - `latest`: Stable release channel
+    - `rc`: Release Candidate channel
+    - `beta`: Beta testing channel
+    - Each channel contains:
+      - `version`: Version number for this channel
+      - `feedUrls`: Multi-mirror URL configuration
+        - `github`: electron-updater feed URL for GitHub mirror
+        - `gitcode`: electron-updater feed URL for GitCode mirror
+  - `metadata`: Stable mapping info for automation
+    - `segmentId`: ID from `config/app-upgrade-segments.json`
+    - `segmentType`: Optional flag (`legacy` | `breaking` | `latest`) for documentation/debugging
+
+## TypeScript Type Definitions
+
+```typescript
+// Mirror enum
+enum UpdateMirror {
+  GITHUB = 'github',
+  GITCODE = 'gitcode'
+}
+
+interface UpdateConfig {
+  lastUpdated: string
+  versions: {
+    [versionKey: string]: VersionConfig
+  }
+}
+
+interface VersionConfig {
+  minCompatibleVersion: string
+  description: string
+  channels: {
+    latest: ChannelConfig | null
+    rc: ChannelConfig | null
+    beta: ChannelConfig | null
+  }
+  metadata?: {
+    segmentId: string
+    segmentType?: 'legacy' | 'breaking' | 'latest'
+  }
+}
+
+interface ChannelConfig {
+  version: string
+  feedUrls: Record<UpdateMirror, string>
+  // Equivalent to:
+  // feedUrls: {
+  //   github: string
+  //   gitcode: string
+  // }
+}
+```
+
+## Segment Metadata & Breaking Markers
+
+- **Segment definitions** now live in `config/app-upgrade-segments.json`. Each segment describes a semantic-version range (or exact matches) plus metadata such as `segmentId`, `segmentType`, `minCompatibleVersion`, and per-channel feed URL templates.
+- Each entry under `versions` carries a `metadata.segmentId`. This acts as the stable key that scripts use to decide which slot to update, even if the actual semantic version string changes.
+- Mark major upgrade gateways (e.g., `2.0.0`) by giving the related segment a `segmentType: "breaking"` and (optionally) `lockedVersion`. This prevents automation from accidentally moving that entry when other 2.x builds ship.
+- Adding another breaking hop (e.g., `3.0.0`) only requires defining a new segment in the JSON file; the automation will pick it up on the next run.
+
+## Automation Workflow
+
+Starting from this change, `.github/workflows/update-app-upgrade-config.yml` listens to GitHub release events (published + prerelease). The workflow:
+
+1. Checks out the default branch (for scripts) and the `x-files/app-upgrade-config` branch (where the config is hosted).
+2. Runs `yarn tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts --tag <tag> --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json` to regenerate the config directly inside the `x-files/app-upgrade-config` working tree.
+3. If the file changed, it opens a PR against `x-files/app-upgrade-config` via `peter-evans/create-pull-request`, with the generated diff limited to `app-upgrade-config.json`.
+
+You can run the same script locally via `yarn update:upgrade-config --tag v2.1.6 --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json` (add `--dry-run` to preview) to reproduce or debug whatever the workflow does. Passing `--skip-release-checks` along with `--dry-run` lets you bypass the release-page existence check (useful when the GitHub/GitCode pages aren’t published yet). Running without `--config` continues to update the copy in your current working directory (main branch) for documentation purposes.
+
+## Version Matching Logic
+
+### Algorithm Flow
+
+1. Get user's current version (`currentVersion`) and requested channel (`requestedChannel`)
+2. Get all version numbers from configuration file, sort in descending order by semantic versioning
+3. Iterate through the sorted version list:
+   - Check if `currentVersion >= minCompatibleVersion`
+   - Check if the requested `channel` exists and is not `null`
+   - If conditions are met, return the channel configuration
+4. If no matching version is found, return `null`
+
+### Pseudocode Implementation
+
+```typescript
+function findCompatibleVersion(
+  currentVersion: string,
+  requestedChannel: UpgradeChannel,
+  config: UpdateConfig
+): ChannelConfig | null {
+  // Get all version numbers and sort in descending order
+  const versions = Object.keys(config.versions).sort(semver.rcompare)
+
+  for (const versionKey of versions) {
+    const versionConfig = config.versions[versionKey]
+    const channelConfig = versionConfig.channels[requestedChannel]
+
+    // Check version compatibility and channel availability
+    if (
+      semver.gte(currentVersion, versionConfig.minCompatibleVersion) &&
+      channelConfig !== null
+    ) {
+      return channelConfig
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null // No compatible version found
+}
+```
+
+## Upgrade Path Examples
+
+### Scenario 1: v1.6.5 User Upgrade (Below 1.7)
+
+- **Current Version**: 1.6.5
+- **Requested Channel**: latest
+- **Match Result**: 1.7.0
+- **Reason**: 1.6.5 >= 0.0.0 (satisfies 1.7.0's minCompatibleVersion), but doesn't satisfy 2.0.0's minCompatibleVersion (1.7.0)
+- **Action**: Prompt user to upgrade to 1.7.0, which is the required intermediate version for v2.x upgrade
+
+### Scenario 2: v1.6.5 User Requests rc/beta
+
+- **Current Version**: 1.6.5
+- **Requested Channel**: rc or beta
+- **Match Result**: 1.7.0 (latest)
+- **Reason**: 1.7.0 version doesn't provide rc/beta channels (values are null)
+- **Action**: Upgrade to 1.7.0 stable version
+
+### Scenario 3: v1.7.0 User Upgrades to Latest
+
+- **Current Version**: 1.7.0
+- **Requested Channel**: latest
+- **Match Result**: 2.0.0
+- **Reason**: 1.7.0 >= 1.7.0 (satisfies 2.0.0's minCompatibleVersion)
+- **Action**: Directly upgrade to 2.0.0 (current latest stable version)
+
+### Scenario 4: v1.7.2 User Upgrades to RC Version
+
+- **Current Version**: 1.7.2
+- **Requested Channel**: rc
+- **Match Result**: 2.0.0-rc.1
+- **Reason**: 1.7.2 >= 1.7.0 (satisfies 2.0.0's minCompatibleVersion), and rc channel exists
+- **Action**: Upgrade to 2.0.0-rc.1
+
+### Scenario 5: v1.7.0 User Upgrades to Beta Version
+
+- **Current Version**: 1.7.0
+- **Requested Channel**: beta
+- **Match Result**: 2.0.0-beta.1
+- **Reason**: 1.7.0 >= 1.7.0, and beta channel exists
+- **Action**: Upgrade to 2.0.0-beta.1
+
+### Scenario 6: v2.5.0 User Upgrade (Future)
+
+Assuming v2.8.0 and v3.0.0 configurations have been added:
+- **Current Version**: 2.5.0
+- **Requested Channel**: latest
+- **Match Result**: 2.8.0
+- **Reason**: 2.5.0 >= 2.0.0 (satisfies 2.8.0's minCompatibleVersion), but doesn't satisfy 3.0.0's requirement
+- **Action**: Prompt user to upgrade to 2.8.0, which is the required intermediate version for v3.x upgrade
+
+## Code Changes
+
+### Main Modifications
+
+1. **New Methods**
+   - `_fetchUpdateConfig(ipCountry: string): Promise<UpdateConfig | null>` - Fetch configuration file based on IP
+   - `_findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion: string, channel: UpgradeChannel, config: UpdateConfig): ChannelConfig | null` - Find compatible channel configuration
+
+2. **Modified Methods**
+   - `_getReleaseVersionFromGithub()` → Remove or refactor to `_getChannelFeedUrl()`
+   - `_setFeedUrl()` - Use new configuration system to replace existing logic
+
+3. **New Type Definitions**
+   - `UpdateConfig`
+   - `VersionConfig`
+   - `ChannelConfig`
+
+### Mirror Selection Logic
+
+The client automatically selects the optimal mirror based on IP geolocation:
+
+```typescript
+private async _setFeedUrl() {
+  const currentVersion = app.getVersion()
+  const testPlan = configManager.getTestPlan()
+  const requestedChannel = testPlan ? this._getTestChannel() : UpgradeChannel.LATEST
+
+  // Determine mirror based on IP country
+  const ipCountry = await getIpCountry()
+  const mirror = ipCountry.toLowerCase() === 'cn' ? 'gitcode' : 'github'
+
+  // Fetch update config
+  const config = await this._fetchUpdateConfig(mirror)
+
+  if (config) {
+    const channelConfig = this._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, requestedChannel, config)
+    if (channelConfig) {
+      // Select feed URL from the corresponding mirror
+      const feedUrl = channelConfig.feedUrls[mirror]
+      this._setChannel(requestedChannel, feedUrl)
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback logic
+  const defaultFeedUrl = mirror === 'gitcode'
+    ? FeedUrl.PRODUCTION
+    : FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST
+  this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, defaultFeedUrl)
+}
+
+private async _fetchUpdateConfig(mirror: 'github' | 'gitcode'): Promise<UpdateConfig | null> {
+  const configUrl = mirror === 'gitcode'
+    ? UpdateConfigUrl.GITCODE
+    : UpdateConfigUrl.GITHUB
+
+  try {
+    const response = await net.fetch(configUrl, {
+      headers: {
+        'User-Agent': generateUserAgent(),
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'X-Client-Id': configManager.getClientId()
+      }
+    })
+    return await response.json() as UpdateConfig
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to fetch update config:', error)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## Fallback and Error Handling Strategy
+
+1. **Configuration file fetch failure**: Log error, return current version, don't offer updates
+2. **No matching version**: Notify user that current version doesn't support automatic upgrade
+3. **Network exception**: Cache last successfully fetched configuration (optional)
+
+## GitHub Release Requirements
+
+To support intermediate version upgrades, the following files need to be retained:
+
+- **v1.7.0 release** and its latest*.yml files (as upgrade target for users below v1.7)
+- Future intermediate versions (e.g., v2.8.0) need to retain corresponding release and latest*.yml files
+- Complete installation packages for each version
+
+### Currently Required Releases
+
+| Version | Purpose | Must Retain |
+|---------|---------|-------------|
+| v1.7.0 | Upgrade target for users below 1.7 | ✅ Yes |
+| v2.0.0-rc.1 | RC testing channel | ❌ Optional |
+| v2.0.0-beta.1 | Beta testing channel | ❌ Optional |
+| latest | Latest stable version (automatic) | ✅ Yes |
+
+## Advantages
+
+1. **Flexibility**: Supports arbitrarily complex upgrade paths
+2. **Extensibility**: Adding new versions only requires adding new entries to the configuration file
+3. **Maintainability**: Configuration is separated from code, allowing upgrade strategy adjustments without releasing new versions
+4. **Multi-source support**: Automatically selects optimal configuration source based on geolocation
+5. **Version control**: Enforces intermediate version upgrades, ensuring data migration and compatibility
+
+## Future Extensions
+
+- Support more granular version range control (e.g., `>=1.5.0 <1.8.0`)
+- Support multi-step upgrade path hints (e.g., notify user needs 1.5 → 1.8 → 2.0)
+- Support A/B testing and gradual rollout
+- Support local caching and expiration strategy for configuration files

docs/technical/app-upgrade-config-zh.md

@@ -0,0 +1,430 @@
+# 更新配置系统设计文档
+
+## 背景
+
+当前 AppUpdater 直接请求 GitHub API 获取 beta 和 rc 的更新信息。为了支持国内用户，需要根据 IP 地理位置，分别从 GitHub/GitCode 获取一个固定的 JSON 配置文件，该文件包含所有渠道的更新地址。
+
+## 设计目标
+
+1. 支持根据 IP 地理位置选择不同的配置源（GitHub/GitCode）
+2. 支持版本兼容性控制（如 v1.x 以下必须先升级到 v1.7.0 才能升级到 v2.0）
+3. 易于扩展，支持未来多个主版本的升级路径（v1.6 → v1.7 → v2.0 → v2.8 → v3.0）
+4. 保持与现有 electron-updater 机制的兼容性
+
+## 当前版本策略
+
+- **v1.7.x** 是 1.x 系列的最后版本
+- **v1.7.0 以下**的用户必须先升级到 v1.7.0（或更高的 1.7.x 版本）
+- **v1.7.0 及以上**的用户可以直接升级到 v2.x.x
+
+## 自动化工作流
+
+`x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json` 由 [`Update App Upgrade Config`](../../.github/workflows/update-app-upgrade-config.yml) workflow 自动同步。工作流会调用 [`scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts`](../../scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts) 脚本，根据指定 tag 更新 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支上的配置文件。
+
+### 触发条件
+
+- **Release 事件（`release: released/prereleased`）**  
+  - Draft release 会被忽略。  
+  - 当 GitHub 将 release 标记为 *prerelease* 时，tag 必须包含 `-beta`/`-rc`（可带序号），否则直接跳过。  
+  - 当 release 标记为稳定版时，tag 必须与 GitHub API 返回的最新稳定版本一致，防止发布历史 tag 时意外挂起工作流。  
+  - 满足上述条件后，工作流会根据语义化版本判断渠道（`latest`/`beta`/`rc`），并通过 `IS_PRERELEASE` 传递给脚本。
+- **手动触发（`workflow_dispatch`）**  
+  - 必填：`tag`（例：`v2.0.1`）；选填：`is_prerelease`（默认 `false`）。  
+  - 当 `is_prerelease=true` 时，同样要求 tag 带有 beta/rc 后缀。  
+  - 手动运行仍会请求 GitHub 最新 release 信息，用于在 PR 说明中标注该 tag 是否是最新稳定版。
+
+### 工作流步骤
+
+1. **检查与元数据准备**：`Check if should proceed` 和 `Prepare metadata` 步骤会计算 tag、prerelease 标志、是否最新版本以及用于分支名的 `safe_tag`。若任意校验失败，工作流立即退出。
+2. **检出分支**：默认分支被检出到 `main/`，长期维护的 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支则在 `cs/` 中，所有改动都发生在 `cs/`。
+3. **安装工具链**：安装 Node.js 22、启用 Corepack，并在 `main/` 目录执行 `yarn install --immutable`。
+4. **运行更新脚本**：执行 `yarn tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts --tag <tag> --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json --is-prerelease <flag>`。  
+   - 脚本会标准化 tag（去掉 `v` 前缀等）、识别渠道、加载 `config/app-upgrade-segments.json` 中的分段规则。  
+   - 校验 prerelease 标志与语义后缀是否匹配、强制锁定的 segment 是否满足、生成镜像的下载地址，并检查 release 是否已经在 GitHub/GitCode 可用（latest 渠道在 GitCode 不可用时会回退到 `https://releases.cherry-ai.com`）。  
+   - 更新对应的渠道配置后，脚本会按 semver 排序写回 JSON，并刷新 `lastUpdated`。
+5. **检测变更并创建 PR**：若 `cs/app-upgrade-config.json` 有变更，则创建 `chore/update-app-upgrade-config/<safe_tag>` 分支，提交信息为 `🤖 chore: sync app-upgrade-config for <tag>`，并向 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 提 PR；无变更则输出提示。
+
+### 手动触发指南
+
+1. 进入 Cherry Studio 仓库的 GitHub **Actions** 页面，选择 **Update App Upgrade Config** 工作流。
+2. 点击 **Run workflow**，保持默认分支（通常为 `main`），填写 `tag`（如 `v2.1.0`）。  
+3. 只有在 tag 带 `-beta`/`-rc` 后缀时才勾选 `is_prerelease`，稳定版保持默认。  
+4. 启动运行并等待完成，随后到 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支的 PR 查看 `app-upgrade-config.json` 的变更并在验证后合并。
+
+## JSON 配置文件格式
+
+### 文件位置
+
+- **GitHub**: `https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/refs/heads/x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json`
+- **GitCode**: `https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/raw/x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json`
+
+**说明**：两个镜像源提供相同的配置文件，统一托管在 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支上。客户端根据 IP 地理位置自动选择最优镜像源。
+
+### 配置结构（当前实际配置）
+
+```json
+{
+  "lastUpdated": "2025-01-05T00:00:00Z",
+  "versions": {
+    "1.6.7": {
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.0.0",
+      "description": "Last stable v1.7.x release - required intermediate version for users below v1.7",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": {
+          "version": "1.6.7",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.7",
+            "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.7"
+          }
+        },
+        "rc": {
+          "version": "1.6.0-rc.5",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.6.0-rc.5"
+          }
+        },
+        "beta": {
+          "version": "1.6.7-beta.3",
+          "feedUrls": {
+            "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3",
+            "gitcode": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v1.7.0-beta.3"
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    "2.0.0": {
+      "minCompatibleVersion": "1.7.0",
+      "description": "Major release v2.0 - required intermediate version for v2.x upgrades",
+      "channels": {
+        "latest": null,
+        "rc": null,
+        "beta": null
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 未来扩展示例
+
+当需要发布 v3.0 时，如果需要强制用户先升级到 v2.8，可以添加：
+
+```json
+{
+  "2.8.0": {
+    "minCompatibleVersion": "2.0.0",
+    "description": "Stable v2.8 - required for v3 upgrade",
+    "channels": {
+      "latest": {
+        "version": "2.8.0",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v2.8.0",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v2.8.0"
+        }
+      },
+      "rc": null,
+      "beta": null
+    }
+  },
+  "3.0.0": {
+    "minCompatibleVersion": "2.8.0",
+    "description": "Major release v3.0",
+    "channels": {
+      "latest": {
+        "version": "3.0.0",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest"
+        }
+      },
+      "rc": {
+        "version": "3.0.0-rc.1",
+        "feedUrls": {
+          "github": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v3.0.0-rc.1",
+          "gitcode": "https://gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/v3.0.0-rc.1"
+        }
+      },
+      "beta": null
+    }
+  }
+}
+```
+
+### 字段说明
+
+- `lastUpdated`: 配置文件最后更新时间（ISO 8601 格式）
+- `versions`: 版本配置对象，key 为版本号，按语义化版本排序
+  - `minCompatibleVersion`: 可以升级到此版本的最低兼容版本
+  - `description`: 版本描述
+  - `channels`: 更新渠道配置
+    - `latest`: 稳定版渠道
+    - `rc`: Release Candidate 渠道
+    - `beta`: Beta 测试渠道
+    - 每个渠道包含：
+      - `version`: 该渠道的版本号
+      - `feedUrls`: 多镜像源 URL 配置
+        - `github`: GitHub 镜像源的 electron-updater feed URL
+        - `gitcode`: GitCode 镜像源的 electron-updater feed URL
+  - `metadata`: 自动化匹配所需的稳定标识
+    - `segmentId`: 来自 `config/app-upgrade-segments.json` 的段位 ID
+    - `segmentType`: 可选字段（`legacy` | `breaking` | `latest`），便于文档/调试
+
+## TypeScript 类型定义
+
+```typescript
+// 镜像源枚举
+enum UpdateMirror {
+  GITHUB = 'github',
+  GITCODE = 'gitcode'
+}
+
+interface UpdateConfig {
+  lastUpdated: string
+  versions: {
+    [versionKey: string]: VersionConfig
+  }
+}
+
+interface VersionConfig {
+  minCompatibleVersion: string
+  description: string
+  channels: {
+    latest: ChannelConfig | null
+    rc: ChannelConfig | null
+    beta: ChannelConfig | null
+  }
+  metadata?: {
+    segmentId: string
+    segmentType?: 'legacy' | 'breaking' | 'latest'
+  }
+}
+
+interface ChannelConfig {
+  version: string
+  feedUrls: Record<UpdateMirror, string>
+  // 等同于:
+  // feedUrls: {
+  //   github: string
+  //   gitcode: string
+  // }
+}
+```
+
+## 段位元数据（Break Change 标记）
+
+- 所有段位定义（如 `legacy-v1`、`gateway-v2` 等）集中在 `config/app-upgrade-segments.json`，用于描述匹配范围、`segmentId`、`segmentType`、默认 `minCompatibleVersion/description` 以及各渠道的 URL 模板。
+- `versions` 下的每个节点都会带上 `metadata.segmentId`。自动脚本始终依据该 ID 来定位并更新条目，即便 key 从 `2.1.5` 切换到 `2.1.6` 也不会错位。
+- 如果某段需要锁死在特定版本（例如 `2.0.0` 的 break change），可在段定义中设置 `segmentType: "breaking"` 并提供 `lockedVersion`，脚本在遇到不匹配的 tag 时会短路报错，保证升级路径安全。
+- 面对未来新的断层（例如 `3.0.0`），只需要在段定义里新增一段，自动化即可识别并更新。
+
+## 自动化工作流
+
+`.github/workflows/update-app-upgrade-config.yml` 会在 GitHub Release（包含正常发布与 Pre Release）触发：
+
+1. 同时 Checkout 仓库默认分支（用于脚本）和 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支（真实托管配置的分支）。
+2. 在默认分支目录执行 `yarn tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts --tag <tag> --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json`，直接重写 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 分支里的配置文件。
+3. 如果 `app-upgrade-config.json` 有变化，则通过 `peter-evans/create-pull-request` 自动创建一个指向 `x-files/app-upgrade-config` 的 PR，Diff 仅包含该文件。
+
+如需本地调试，可执行 `yarn update:upgrade-config --tag v2.1.6 --config ../cs/app-upgrade-config.json`（加 `--dry-run` 仅打印结果）来复现 CI 行为。若需要暂时跳过 GitHub/GitCode Release 页面是否就绪的校验，可在 `--dry-run` 的同时附加 `--skip-release-checks`。不加 `--config` 时默认更新当前工作目录（通常是 main 分支）下的副本，方便文档/审查。
+
+## 版本匹配逻辑
+
+### 算法流程
+
+1. 获取用户当前版本（`currentVersion`）和请求的渠道（`requestedChannel`）
+2. 获取配置文件中所有版本号，按语义化版本从大到小排序
+3. 遍历排序后的版本列表：
+   - 检查 `currentVersion >= minCompatibleVersion`
+   - 检查请求的 `channel` 是否存在且不为 `null`
+   - 如果满足条件，返回该渠道配置
+4. 如果没有找到匹配版本，返回 `null`
+
+### 伪代码实现
+
+```typescript
+function findCompatibleVersion(
+  currentVersion: string,
+  requestedChannel: UpgradeChannel,
+  config: UpdateConfig
+): ChannelConfig | null {
+  // 获取所有版本号并从大到小排序
+  const versions = Object.keys(config.versions).sort(semver.rcompare)
+
+  for (const versionKey of versions) {
+    const versionConfig = config.versions[versionKey]
+    const channelConfig = versionConfig.channels[requestedChannel]
+
+    // 检查版本兼容性和渠道可用性
+    if (
+      semver.gte(currentVersion, versionConfig.minCompatibleVersion) &&
+      channelConfig !== null
+    ) {
+      return channelConfig
+    }
+  }
+
+  return null // 没有找到兼容版本
+}
+```
+
+## 升级路径示例
+
+### 场景 1: v1.6.5 用户升级（低于 1.7）
+
+- **当前版本**: 1.6.5
+- **请求渠道**: latest
+- **匹配结果**: 1.7.0
+- **原因**: 1.6.5 >= 0.0.0（满足 1.7.0 的 minCompatibleVersion），但不满足 2.0.0 的 minCompatibleVersion (1.7.0)
+- **操作**: 提示用户升级到 1.7.0，这是升级到 v2.x 的必要中间版本
+
+### 场景 2: v1.6.5 用户请求 rc/beta
+
+- **当前版本**: 1.6.5
+- **请求渠道**: rc 或 beta
+- **匹配结果**: 1.7.0 (latest)
+- **原因**: 1.7.0 版本不提供 rc/beta 渠道（值为 null）
+- **操作**: 升级到 1.7.0 稳定版
+
+### 场景 3: v1.7.0 用户升级到最新版
+
+- **当前版本**: 1.7.0
+- **请求渠道**: latest
+- **匹配结果**: 2.0.0
+- **原因**: 1.7.0 >= 1.7.0（满足 2.0.0 的 minCompatibleVersion）
+- **操作**: 直接升级到 2.0.0（当前最新稳定版）
+
+### 场景 4: v1.7.2 用户升级到 RC 版本
+
+- **当前版本**: 1.7.2
+- **请求渠道**: rc
+- **匹配结果**: 2.0.0-rc.1
+- **原因**: 1.7.2 >= 1.7.0（满足 2.0.0 的 minCompatibleVersion），且 rc 渠道存在
+- **操作**: 升级到 2.0.0-rc.1
+
+### 场景 5: v1.7.0 用户升级到 Beta 版本
+
+- **当前版本**: 1.7.0
+- **请求渠道**: beta
+- **匹配结果**: 2.0.0-beta.1
+- **原因**: 1.7.0 >= 1.7.0，且 beta 渠道存在
+- **操作**: 升级到 2.0.0-beta.1
+
+### 场景 6: v2.5.0 用户升级（未来）
+
+假设已添加 v2.8.0 和 v3.0.0 配置：
+- **当前版本**: 2.5.0
+- **请求渠道**: latest
+- **匹配结果**: 2.8.0
+- **原因**: 2.5.0 >= 2.0.0（满足 2.8.0 的 minCompatibleVersion），但不满足 3.0.0 的要求
+- **操作**: 提示用户升级到 2.8.0，这是升级到 v3.x 的必要中间版本
+
+## 代码改动计划
+
+### 主要修改
+
+1. **新增方法**
+   - `_fetchUpdateConfig(ipCountry: string): Promise<UpdateConfig | null>` - 根据 IP 获取配置文件
+   - `_findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion: string, channel: UpgradeChannel, config: UpdateConfig): ChannelConfig | null` - 查找兼容的渠道配置
+
+2. **修改方法**
+   - `_getReleaseVersionFromGithub()` → 移除或重构为 `_getChannelFeedUrl()`
+   - `_setFeedUrl()` - 使用新的配置系统替代现有逻辑
+
+3. **新增类型定义**
+   - `UpdateConfig`
+   - `VersionConfig`
+   - `ChannelConfig`
+
+### 镜像源选择逻辑
+
+客户端根据 IP 地理位置自动选择最优镜像源：
+
+```typescript
+private async _setFeedUrl() {
+  const currentVersion = app.getVersion()
+  const testPlan = configManager.getTestPlan()
+  const requestedChannel = testPlan ? this._getTestChannel() : UpgradeChannel.LATEST
+
+  // 根据 IP 国家确定镜像源
+  const ipCountry = await getIpCountry()
+  const mirror = ipCountry.toLowerCase() === 'cn' ? 'gitcode' : 'github'
+
+  // 获取更新配置
+  const config = await this._fetchUpdateConfig(mirror)
+
+  if (config) {
+    const channelConfig = this._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, requestedChannel, config)
+    if (channelConfig) {
+      // 从配置中选择对应镜像源的 URL
+      const feedUrl = channelConfig.feedUrls[mirror]
+      this._setChannel(requestedChannel, feedUrl)
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  // Fallback 逻辑
+  const defaultFeedUrl = mirror === 'gitcode'
+    ? FeedUrl.PRODUCTION
+    : FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST
+  this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, defaultFeedUrl)
+}
+
+private async _fetchUpdateConfig(mirror: 'github' | 'gitcode'): Promise<UpdateConfig | null> {
+  const configUrl = mirror === 'gitcode'
+    ? UpdateConfigUrl.GITCODE
+    : UpdateConfigUrl.GITHUB
+
+  try {
+    const response = await net.fetch(configUrl, {
+      headers: {
+        'User-Agent': generateUserAgent(),
+        'Accept': 'application/json',
+        'X-Client-Id': configManager.getClientId()
+      }
+    })
+    return await response.json() as UpdateConfig
+  } catch (error) {
+    logger.error('Failed to fetch update config:', error)
+    return null
+  }
+}
+```
+
+## 降级和容错策略
+
+1. **配置文件获取失败**: 记录错误日志，返回当前版本，不提供更新
+2. **没有匹配的版本**: 提示用户当前版本不支持自动升级
+3. **网络异常**: 缓存上次成功获取的配置（可选）
+
+## GitHub Release 要求
+
+为支持中间版本升级，需要保留以下文件：
+
+- **v1.7.0 release** 及其 latest*.yml 文件（作为 v1.7 以下用户的升级目标）
+- 未来如需强制中间版本（如 v2.8.0），需要保留对应的 release 和 latest*.yml 文件
+- 各版本的完整安装包
+
+### 当前需要的 Release
+
+| 版本 | 用途 | 必须保留 |
+|------|------|---------|
+| v1.7.0 | 1.7 以下用户的升级目标 | ✅ 是 |
+| v2.0.0-rc.1 | RC 测试渠道 | ❌ 可选 |
+| v2.0.0-beta.1 | Beta 测试渠道 | ❌ 可选 |
+| latest | 最新稳定版（自动） | ✅ 是 |
+
+## 优势
+
+1. **灵活性**: 支持任意复杂的升级路径
+2. **可扩展性**: 新增版本只需在配置文件中添加新条目
+3. **可维护性**: 配置与代码分离，无需发版即可调整升级策略
+4. **多源支持**: 自动根据地理位置选择最优配置源
+5. **版本控制**: 强制中间版本升级，确保数据迁移和兼容性
+
+## 未来扩展
+
+- 支持更细粒度的版本范围控制（如 `>=1.5.0 <1.8.0`）
+- 支持多步升级路径提示（如提示用户需要 1.5 → 1.8 → 2.0）
+- 支持 A/B 测试和灰度发布
+- 支持配置文件的本地缓存和过期策略

electron-builder.yml

@@ -97,7 +97,6 @@ mac:
   entitlementsInherit: build/entitlements.mac.plist
   notarize: false
   artifactName: ${productName}-${version}-${arch}.${ext}
-  minimumSystemVersion: "20.1.0" # 最低支持 macOS 11.0
   extendInfo:
     - NSCameraUsageDescription: Application requests access to the device's camera.
     - NSMicrophoneUsageDescription: Application requests access to the device's microphone.
@@ -135,42 +134,58 @@ artifactBuildCompleted: scripts/artifact-build-completed.js
 releaseInfo:
   releaseNotes: |
     <!--LANG:en-->
-    What's New in v1.7.0-beta.6
+    What's New in v1.7.0-rc.1
 
-    New Features:
-    - Enhanced Input Bar: Completely redesigned input bar with improved responsiveness and functionality
-    - Better File Handling: Improved drag-and-drop and paste support for images and documents
-    - Smart Tool Suggestions: Enhanced quick panel with better item selection and keyboard shortcuts
+    🎉 MAJOR NEW FEATURE: AI Agents
+    - Create and manage custom AI agents with specialized tools and permissions
+    - Dedicated agent sessions with persistent SQLite storage, separate from regular chats
+    - Real-time tool approval system - review and approve agent actions dynamically
+    - MCP (Model Context Protocol) integration for connecting external tools
+    - Slash commands support for quick agent interactions
+    - OpenAI-compatible REST API for agent access
 
-    Improvements:
-    - Smoother Input Experience: Better auto-resizing and text handling in chat input
-    - Enhanced AI Performance: Improved connection stability and response speed
-    - More Reliable File Uploads: Better support for various file types and upload scenarios
-    - Cleaner Interface: Optimized UI elements for better visual consistency
+    ✨ New Features:
+    - AI Providers: Added support for Hugging Face, Mistral, Perplexity, and SophNet
+    - Knowledge Base: OpenMinerU document preprocessor, full-text search in notes, enhanced tool selection
+    - Image & OCR: Intel OVMS painting provider and Intel OpenVINO (NPU) OCR support
+    - MCP Management: Redesigned interface with dual-column layout for easier management
+    - Languages: Added German language support
 
-    Bug Fixes:
-    - Fixed image selection issue when adding custom AI providers
-    - Fixed file upload problems with certain API configurations
-    - Fixed input bar responsiveness issues
-    - Fixed quick panel not working properly in some situations
+    ⚡ Improvements:
+    - Upgraded to Electron 38.7.0
+    - Enhanced system shutdown handling and automatic update checks
+    - Improved proxy bypass rules
+
+    🐛 Important Bug Fixes:
+    - Fixed streaming response issues across multiple AI providers
+    - Fixed session list scrolling problems
+    - Fixed knowledge base deletion errors
 
     <!--LANG:zh-CN-->
-    v1.7.0-beta.6 新特性
+    v1.7.0-rc.1 新特性
 
-    新功能:
-    - 增强输入栏：完全重新设计的输入栏，响应更灵敏，功能更强大
-    - 更好的文件处理：改进的拖拽和粘贴功能，支持图片和文档
-    - 智能工具建议：增强的快速面板，更好的项目选择和键盘快捷键
+    🎉 重大更新：AI Agent 智能体系统
+    - 创建和管理专属 AI Agent，配置专用工具和权限
+    - 独立的 Agent 会话，使用 SQLite 持久化存储，与普通聊天分离
+    - 实时工具审批系统 - 动态审查和批准 Agent 操作
+    - MCP（模型上下文协议）集成，连接外部工具
+    - 支持斜杠命令快速交互
+    - 兼容 OpenAI 的 REST API 访问
 
-    改进:
-    - 更流畅的输入体验：聊天输入框的自动调整和文本处理更佳
-    - 增强 AI 性能：改进连接稳定性和响应速度
-    - 更可靠的文件上传：更好地支持各种文件类型和上传场景
-    - 更简洁的界面：优化 UI 元素，视觉一致性更好
+    ✨ 新功能:
+    - AI 提供商：新增 Hugging Face、Mistral、Perplexity 和 SophNet 支持
+    - 知识库：OpenMinerU 文档预处理器、笔记全文搜索、增强的工具选择
+    - 图像与 OCR：Intel OVMS 绘图提供商和 Intel OpenVINO (NPU) OCR 支持
+    - MCP 管理：重构管理界面，采用双列布局，更加方便管理
+    - 语言：新增德语支持
 
-    问题修复:
-    - 修复添加自定义 AI 提供商时的图片选择问题
-    - 修复某些 API 配置下的文件上传问题
-    - 修复输入栏响应性问题
-    - 修复快速面板在某些情况下无法正常工作的问题
+    ⚡ 改进:
+    - 升级到 Electron 38.7.0
+    - 增强的系统关机处理和自动更新检查
+    - 改进的代理绕过规则
+
+    🐛 重要修复:
+    - 修复多个 AI 提供商的流式响应问题
+    - 修复会话列表滚动问题
+    - 修复知识库删除错误
     <!--LANG:END-->

package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "CherryStudio",
-  "version": "1.7.0-beta.3",
+  "version": "1.7.0-rc.1",
   "private": true,
   "description": "A powerful AI assistant for producer.",
   "main": "./out/main/index.js",
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@
     "update:i18n": "dotenv -e .env -- tsx scripts/update-i18n.ts",
     "auto:i18n": "dotenv -e .env -- tsx scripts/auto-translate-i18n.ts",
     "update:languages": "tsx scripts/update-languages.ts",
+    "update:upgrade-config": "tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts",
     "test": "vitest run --silent",
     "test:main": "vitest run --project main",
     "test:renderer": "vitest run --project renderer",
@@ -73,9 +74,10 @@
     "format:check": "biome format && biome lint",
     "prepare": "git config blame.ignoreRevsFile .git-blame-ignore-revs && husky",
     "claude": "dotenv -e .env -- claude",
-    "release:aicore:alpha": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version prerelease --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --tag alpha --access public",
-    "release:aicore:beta": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version prerelease --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --tag beta --access public",
-    "release:aicore": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version patch --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --access public"
+    "release:aicore:alpha": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version prerelease --preid alpha --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core build && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --tag alpha --access public",
+    "release:aicore:beta": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version prerelease --preid beta --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core build && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --tag beta --access public",
+    "release:aicore": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core version patch --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core build && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-core npm publish --access public",
+    "release:ai-sdk-provider": "yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider version patch --immediate && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider build && yarn workspace @cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider npm publish --access public"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk": "patch:@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk@npm%3A0.1.30#~/.yarn/patches/@anthropic-ai-claude-agent-sdk-npm-0.1.30-b50a299674.patch",
@@ -84,6 +86,7 @@
     "@napi-rs/system-ocr": "patch:@napi-rs/system-ocr@npm%3A1.0.2#~/.yarn/patches/@napi-rs-system-ocr-npm-1.0.2-59e7a78e8b.patch",
     "@paymoapp/electron-shutdown-handler": "^1.1.2",
     "@strongtz/win32-arm64-msvc": "^0.4.7",
+    "emoji-picker-element-data": "^1",
     "express": "^5.1.0",
     "font-list": "^2.0.0",
     "graceful-fs": "^4.2.11",
@@ -106,13 +109,17 @@
     "@agentic/exa": "^7.3.3",
     "@agentic/searxng": "^7.3.3",
     "@agentic/tavily": "^7.3.3",
-    "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock": "^3.0.53",
+    "@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock": "^3.0.56",
+    "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "^2.0.45",
     "@ai-sdk/cerebras": "^1.0.31",
-    "@ai-sdk/gateway": "^2.0.9",
-    "@ai-sdk/google-vertex": "^3.0.62",
-    "@ai-sdk/huggingface": "patch:@ai-sdk/huggingface@npm%3A0.0.8#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-huggingface-npm-0.0.8-d4d0aaac93.patch",
-    "@ai-sdk/mistral": "^2.0.23",
-    "@ai-sdk/perplexity": "^2.0.17",
+    "@ai-sdk/gateway": "^2.0.13",
+    "@ai-sdk/google": "patch:@ai-sdk/google@npm%3A2.0.40#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-google-npm-2.0.40-47e0eeee83.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/google-vertex": "^3.0.72",
+    "@ai-sdk/huggingface": "^0.0.10",
+    "@ai-sdk/mistral": "^2.0.24",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.71#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.71-a88ef00525.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/perplexity": "^2.0.20",
+    "@ai-sdk/test-server": "^0.0.1",
     "@ant-design/v5-patch-for-react-19": "^1.0.3",
     "@anthropic-ai/sdk": "^0.41.0",
     "@anthropic-ai/vertex-sdk": "patch:@anthropic-ai/vertex-sdk@npm%3A0.11.4#~/.yarn/patches/@anthropic-ai-vertex-sdk-npm-0.11.4-c19cb41edb.patch",
@@ -120,7 +127,7 @@
     "@aws-sdk/client-bedrock-runtime": "^3.910.0",
     "@aws-sdk/client-s3": "^3.910.0",
     "@biomejs/biome": "2.2.4",
-    "@cherrystudio/ai-core": "workspace:^1.0.0-alpha.18",
+    "@cherrystudio/ai-core": "workspace:^1.0.9",
     "@cherrystudio/embedjs": "^0.1.31",
     "@cherrystudio/embedjs-libsql": "^0.1.31",
     "@cherrystudio/embedjs-loader-csv": "^0.1.31",
@@ -134,7 +141,7 @@
     "@cherrystudio/embedjs-ollama": "^0.1.31",
     "@cherrystudio/embedjs-openai": "^0.1.31",
     "@cherrystudio/extension-table-plus": "workspace:^",
-    "@cherrystudio/openai": "^6.5.0",
+    "@cherrystudio/openai": "^6.9.0",
     "@dnd-kit/core": "^6.3.1",
     "@dnd-kit/modifiers": "^9.0.0",
     "@dnd-kit/sortable": "^10.0.0",
@@ -153,18 +160,19 @@
     "@langchain/community": "^1.0.0",
     "@langchain/core": "patch:@langchain/core@npm%3A1.0.2#~/.yarn/patches/@langchain-core-npm-1.0.2-183ef83fe4.patch",
     "@langchain/openai": "patch:@langchain/openai@npm%3A1.0.0#~/.yarn/patches/@langchain-openai-npm-1.0.0-474d0ad9d4.patch",
+    "@mcp-ui/client": "^5.14.1",
     "@mistralai/mistralai": "^1.7.5",
     "@modelcontextprotocol/sdk": "^1.17.5",
     "@mozilla/readability": "^0.6.0",
     "@notionhq/client": "^2.2.15",
-    "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "^1.2.0",
+    "@openrouter/ai-sdk-provider": "^1.2.5",
     "@opentelemetry/api": "^1.9.0",
     "@opentelemetry/core": "2.0.0",
     "@opentelemetry/exporter-trace-otlp-http": "^0.200.0",
     "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-base": "^2.0.0",
     "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-node": "^2.0.0",
     "@opentelemetry/sdk-trace-web": "^2.0.0",
-    "@opeoginni/github-copilot-openai-compatible": "0.1.19",
+    "@opeoginni/github-copilot-openai-compatible": "0.1.21",
     "@playwright/test": "^1.52.0",
     "@radix-ui/react-context-menu": "^2.2.16",
     "@reduxjs/toolkit": "^2.2.5",
@@ -233,7 +241,7 @@
     "@viz-js/lang-dot": "^1.0.5",
     "@viz-js/viz": "^3.14.0",
     "@xyflow/react": "^12.4.4",
-    "ai": "^5.0.90",
+    "ai": "^5.0.98",
     "antd": "patch:antd@npm%3A5.27.0#~/.yarn/patches/antd-npm-5.27.0-aa91c36546.patch",
     "archiver": "^7.0.1",
     "async-mutex": "^0.5.0",
@@ -259,12 +267,12 @@
     "dotenv-cli": "^7.4.2",
     "drizzle-kit": "^0.31.4",
     "drizzle-orm": "^0.44.5",
-    "electron": "38.4.0",
-    "electron-builder": "26.0.15",
+    "electron": "38.7.0",
+    "electron-builder": "26.1.0",
     "electron-devtools-installer": "^3.2.0",
     "electron-reload": "^2.0.0-alpha.1",
     "electron-store": "^8.2.0",
-    "electron-updater": "6.6.4",
+    "electron-updater": "patch:electron-updater@npm%3A6.7.0#~/.yarn/patches/electron-updater-npm-6.7.0-47b11bb0d4.patch",
     "electron-vite": "4.0.1",
     "electron-window-state": "^5.0.3",
     "emittery": "^1.0.3",
@@ -381,13 +389,11 @@
     "@codemirror/lint": "6.8.5",
     "@codemirror/view": "6.38.1",
     "@langchain/core@npm:^0.3.26": "patch:@langchain/core@npm%3A1.0.2#~/.yarn/patches/@langchain-core-npm-1.0.2-183ef83fe4.patch",
-    "app-builder-lib@npm:26.0.13": "patch:app-builder-lib@npm%3A26.0.13#~/.yarn/patches/app-builder-lib-npm-26.0.13-a064c9e1d0.patch",
-    "app-builder-lib@npm:26.0.15": "patch:app-builder-lib@npm%3A26.0.15#~/.yarn/patches/app-builder-lib-npm-26.0.15-360e5b0476.patch",
     "atomically@npm:^1.7.0": "patch:atomically@npm%3A1.7.0#~/.yarn/patches/atomically-npm-1.7.0-e742e5293b.patch",
     "esbuild": "^0.25.0",
     "file-stream-rotator@npm:^0.6.1": "patch:file-stream-rotator@npm%3A0.6.1#~/.yarn/patches/file-stream-rotator-npm-0.6.1-eab45fb13d.patch",
     "libsql@npm:^0.4.4": "patch:libsql@npm%3A0.4.7#~/.yarn/patches/libsql-npm-0.4.7-444e260fb1.patch",
-    "node-abi": "4.12.0",
+    "node-abi": "4.24.0",
     "openai@npm:^4.77.0": "npm:@cherrystudio/openai@6.5.0",
     "openai@npm:^4.87.3": "npm:@cherrystudio/openai@6.5.0",
     "pdf-parse@npm:1.1.1": "patch:pdf-parse@npm%3A1.1.1#~/.yarn/patches/pdf-parse-npm-1.1.1-04a6109b2a.patch",
@@ -408,8 +414,11 @@
     "@langchain/openai@npm:^0.3.16": "patch:@langchain/openai@npm%3A1.0.0#~/.yarn/patches/@langchain-openai-npm-1.0.0-474d0ad9d4.patch",
     "@langchain/openai@npm:>=0.2.0 <0.7.0": "patch:@langchain/openai@npm%3A1.0.0#~/.yarn/patches/@langchain-openai-npm-1.0.0-474d0ad9d4.patch",
     "@ai-sdk/openai@npm:2.0.64": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.64#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.64-48f99f5bf3.patch",
-    "@ai-sdk/openai@npm:^2.0.42": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.64#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.64-48f99f5bf3.patch",
-    "@ai-sdk/google@npm:2.0.31": "patch:@ai-sdk/google@npm%3A2.0.31#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-google-npm-2.0.31-b0de047210.patch"
+    "@ai-sdk/openai@npm:^2.0.42": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.71#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.71-a88ef00525.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/google@npm:2.0.40": "patch:@ai-sdk/google@npm%3A2.0.40#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-google-npm-2.0.40-47e0eeee83.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai@npm:2.0.71": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.71#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.71-a88ef00525.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@npm:1.0.27": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@npm%3A1.0.27#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-compatible-npm-1.0.27-06f74278cf.patch",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@npm:^1.0.19": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@npm%3A1.0.27#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-compatible-npm-1.0.27-06f74278cf.patch"
   },
   "packageManager": "yarn@4.9.1",
   "lint-staged": {

packages/ai-sdk-provider/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider",
-  "version": "0.1.0",
+  "version": "0.1.3",
   "description": "Cherry Studio AI SDK provider bundle with CherryIN routing.",
   "keywords": [
     "ai-sdk",
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "@ai-sdk/provider": "^2.0.0",
-    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "^3.0.12"
+    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "^3.0.17"
   },
   "devDependencies": {
     "tsdown": "^0.13.3",

packages/ai-sdk-provider/src/cherryin-provider.ts

@@ -67,6 +67,10 @@ export interface CherryInProviderSettings {
    * Optional static headers applied to every request.
    */
   headers?: HeadersInput
+  /**
+   * Optional endpoint type to distinguish different endpoint behaviors.
+   */
+  endpointType?: 'openai' | 'openai-response' | 'anthropic' | 'gemini' | 'image-generation' | 'jina-rerank'
 }
 
 export interface CherryInProvider extends ProviderV2 {
@@ -151,7 +155,8 @@ export const createCherryIn = (options: CherryInProviderSettings = {}): CherryIn
     baseURL = DEFAULT_CHERRYIN_BASE_URL,
     anthropicBaseURL = DEFAULT_CHERRYIN_ANTHROPIC_BASE_URL,
     geminiBaseURL = DEFAULT_CHERRYIN_GEMINI_BASE_URL,
-    fetch
+    fetch,
+    endpointType
   } = options
 
   const getJsonHeaders = createJsonHeadersGetter(options)
@@ -205,7 +210,7 @@ export const createCherryIn = (options: CherryInProviderSettings = {}): CherryIn
       fetch
     })
 
-  const createChatModel = (modelId: string, settings: OpenAIProviderSettings = {}) => {
+  const createChatModelByModelId = (modelId: string, settings: OpenAIProviderSettings = {}) => {
     if (isAnthropicModel(modelId)) {
       return createAnthropicModel(modelId)
     }
@@ -223,6 +228,29 @@ export const createCherryIn = (options: CherryInProviderSettings = {}): CherryIn
     })
   }
 
+  const createChatModel = (modelId: string, settings: OpenAIProviderSettings = {}) => {
+    if (!endpointType) return createChatModelByModelId(modelId, settings)
+    switch (endpointType) {
+      case 'anthropic':
+        return createAnthropicModel(modelId)
+      case 'gemini':
+        return createGeminiModel(modelId)
+      case 'openai':
+        return createOpenAIChatModel(modelId)
+      case 'openai-response':
+      default:
+        return new OpenAIResponsesLanguageModel(modelId, {
+          provider: `${CHERRYIN_PROVIDER_NAME}.openai`,
+          url,
+          headers: () => ({
+            ...getJsonHeaders(),
+            ...settings.headers
+          }),
+          fetch
+        })
+    }
+  }
+
   const createCompletionModel = (modelId: string, settings: OpenAIProviderSettings = {}) =>
     new OpenAICompletionLanguageModel(modelId, {
       provider: `${CHERRYIN_PROVIDER_NAME}.completion`,

packages/aiCore/README.md

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Cherry Studio AI Core 是一个基于 Vercel AI SDK 的统一 AI Provider 接口
 ## 安装
 
 ```bash
-npm install @cherrystudio/ai-core ai
+npm install @cherrystudio/ai-core ai @ai-sdk/google @ai-sdk/openai
 ```
 
 ### React Native

packages/aiCore/package.json

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 {
   "name": "@cherrystudio/ai-core",
-  "version": "1.0.1",
+  "version": "1.0.9",
   "description": "Cherry Studio AI Core - Unified AI Provider Interface Based on Vercel AI SDK",
   "main": "dist/index.js",
   "module": "dist/index.mjs",
@@ -33,19 +33,19 @@
   },
   "homepage": "https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio#readme",
   "peerDependencies": {
+    "@ai-sdk/google": "^2.0.36",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai": "^2.0.64",
+    "@cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider": "^0.1.3",
     "ai": "^5.0.26"
   },
   "dependencies": {
-    "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "^2.0.43",
-    "@ai-sdk/azure": "^2.0.66",
-    "@ai-sdk/deepseek": "^1.0.27",
-    "@ai-sdk/google": "patch:@ai-sdk/google@npm%3A2.0.31#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-google-npm-2.0.31-b0de047210.patch",
-    "@ai-sdk/openai": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai@npm%3A2.0.64#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-npm-2.0.64-48f99f5bf3.patch",
-    "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible": "^1.0.26",
+    "@ai-sdk/anthropic": "^2.0.45",
+    "@ai-sdk/azure": "^2.0.73",
+    "@ai-sdk/deepseek": "^1.0.29",
+    "@ai-sdk/openai-compatible": "patch:@ai-sdk/openai-compatible@npm%3A1.0.27#~/.yarn/patches/@ai-sdk-openai-compatible-npm-1.0.27-06f74278cf.patch",
     "@ai-sdk/provider": "^2.0.0",
-    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "^3.0.16",
-    "@ai-sdk/xai": "^2.0.31",
-    "@cherrystudio/ai-sdk-provider": "workspace:*",
+    "@ai-sdk/provider-utils": "^3.0.17",
+    "@ai-sdk/xai": "^2.0.34",
     "zod": "^4.1.5"
   },
   "devDependencies": {

packages/aiCore/src/__tests__/fixtures/mock-providers.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,180 @@
+/**
+ * Mock Provider Instances
+ * Provides mock implementations for all supported AI providers
+ */
+
+import type { ImageModelV2, LanguageModelV2 } from '@ai-sdk/provider'
+import { vi } from 'vitest'
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock language model with customizable behavior
+ */
+export function createMockLanguageModel(overrides?: Partial<LanguageModelV2>): LanguageModelV2 {
+  return {
+    specificationVersion: 'v1',
+    provider: 'mock-provider',
+    modelId: 'mock-model',
+    defaultObjectGenerationMode: 'tool',
+
+    doGenerate: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      text: 'Mock response text',
+      finishReason: 'stop',
+      usage: {
+        promptTokens: 10,
+        completionTokens: 20,
+        totalTokens: 30
+      },
+      rawCall: { rawPrompt: null, rawSettings: {} },
+      rawResponse: { headers: {} },
+      warnings: []
+    }),
+
+    doStream: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      stream: (async function* () {
+        yield {
+          type: 'text-delta',
+          textDelta: 'Mock '
+        }
+        yield {
+          type: 'text-delta',
+          textDelta: 'streaming '
+        }
+        yield {
+          type: 'text-delta',
+          textDelta: 'response'
+        }
+        yield {
+          type: 'finish',
+          finishReason: 'stop',
+          usage: {
+            promptTokens: 10,
+            completionTokens: 15,
+            totalTokens: 25
+          }
+        }
+      })(),
+      rawCall: { rawPrompt: null, rawSettings: {} },
+      rawResponse: { headers: {} },
+      warnings: []
+    }),
+
+    ...overrides
+  } as LanguageModelV2
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock image model with customizable behavior
+ */
+export function createMockImageModel(overrides?: Partial<ImageModelV2>): ImageModelV2 {
+  return {
+    specificationVersion: 'v2',
+    provider: 'mock-provider',
+    modelId: 'mock-image-model',
+
+    doGenerate: vi.fn().mockResolvedValue({
+      images: [
+        {
+          base64: 'mock-base64-image-data',
+          uint8Array: new Uint8Array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5]),
+          mimeType: 'image/png'
+        }
+      ],
+      warnings: []
+    }),
+
+    ...overrides
+  } as ImageModelV2
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mock provider configurations for testing
+ */
+export const mockProviderConfigs = {
+  openai: {
+    apiKey: 'sk-test-openai-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.openai.com/v1',
+    organization: 'test-org'
+  },
+
+  anthropic: {
+    apiKey: 'sk-ant-test-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.anthropic.com'
+  },
+
+  google: {
+    apiKey: 'test-google-api-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com/v1'
+  },
+
+  xai: {
+    apiKey: 'xai-test-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.x.ai/v1'
+  },
+
+  azure: {
+    apiKey: 'test-azure-key-123456789',
+    resourceName: 'test-resource',
+    deployment: 'test-deployment'
+  },
+
+  deepseek: {
+    apiKey: 'sk-test-deepseek-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.deepseek.com/v1'
+  },
+
+  openrouter: {
+    apiKey: 'sk-or-test-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1'
+  },
+
+  huggingface: {
+    apiKey: 'hf_test_key_123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api-inference.huggingface.co'
+  },
+
+  'openai-compatible': {
+    apiKey: 'test-compatible-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.example.com/v1',
+    name: 'test-provider'
+  },
+
+  'openai-chat': {
+    apiKey: 'sk-test-chat-key-123456789',
+    baseURL: 'https://api.openai.com/v1'
+  }
+} as const
+
+/**
+ * Mock provider instances for testing
+ */
+export const mockProviderInstances = {
+  openai: {
+    name: 'openai-mock',
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel({ provider: 'openai', modelId: 'gpt-4' }),
+    imageModel: createMockImageModel({ provider: 'openai', modelId: 'dall-e-3' })
+  },
+
+  anthropic: {
+    name: 'anthropic-mock',
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel({ provider: 'anthropic', modelId: 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022' })
+  },
+
+  google: {
+    name: 'google-mock',
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel({ provider: 'google', modelId: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp' }),
+    imageModel: createMockImageModel({ provider: 'google', modelId: 'imagen-3.0-generate-001' })
+  },
+
+  xai: {
+    name: 'xai-mock',
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel({ provider: 'xai', modelId: 'grok-2-latest' }),
+    imageModel: createMockImageModel({ provider: 'xai', modelId: 'grok-2-image-latest' })
+  },
+
+  deepseek: {
+    name: 'deepseek-mock',
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel({ provider: 'deepseek', modelId: 'deepseek-chat' })
+  }
+}
+
+export type ProviderId = keyof typeof mockProviderConfigs

packages/aiCore/src/__tests__/fixtures/mock-responses.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,331 @@
+/**
+ * Mock Responses
+ * Provides realistic mock responses for all provider types
+ */
+
+import { jsonSchema, type ModelMessage, type Tool } from 'ai'
+
+/**
+ * Standard test messages for all scenarios
+ */
+export const testMessages = {
+  simple: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Hello, how are you?' }],
+
+  conversation: [
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'What is the capital of France?' },
+    { role: 'assistant' as const, content: 'The capital of France is Paris.' },
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'What is its population?' }
+  ],
+
+  withSystem: [
+    { role: 'system' as const, content: 'You are a helpful assistant that provides concise answers.' },
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'Explain quantum computing in one sentence.' }
+  ],
+
+  withImages: [
+    {
+      role: 'user' as const,
+      content: [
+        { type: 'text' as const, text: 'What is in this image?' },
+        {
+          type: 'image' as const,
+          image:
+            'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  ],
+
+  toolUse: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'What is the weather in San Francisco?' }],
+
+  multiTurn: [
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'Can you help me with a math problem?' },
+    { role: 'assistant' as const, content: 'Of course! What math problem would you like help with?' },
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'What is 15 * 23?' },
+    { role: 'assistant' as const, content: '15 * 23 = 345' },
+    { role: 'user' as const, content: 'Now divide that by 5' }
+  ]
+} satisfies Record<string, ModelMessage[]>
+
+/**
+ * Standard test tools for tool calling scenarios
+ */
+export const testTools: Record<string, Tool> = {
+  getWeather: {
+    description: 'Get the current weather in a given location',
+    inputSchema: jsonSchema({
+      type: 'object',
+      properties: {
+        location: {
+          type: 'string',
+          description: 'The city and state, e.g. San Francisco, CA'
+        },
+        unit: {
+          type: 'string',
+          enum: ['celsius', 'fahrenheit'],
+          description: 'The temperature unit to use'
+        }
+      },
+      required: ['location']
+    }),
+    execute: async ({ location, unit = 'fahrenheit' }) => {
+      return {
+        location,
+        temperature: unit === 'celsius' ? 22 : 72,
+        unit,
+        condition: 'sunny'
+      }
+    }
+  },
+
+  calculate: {
+    description: 'Perform a mathematical calculation',
+    inputSchema: jsonSchema({
+      type: 'object',
+      properties: {
+        operation: {
+          type: 'string',
+          enum: ['add', 'subtract', 'multiply', 'divide'],
+          description: 'The operation to perform'
+        },
+        a: {
+          type: 'number',
+          description: 'The first number'
+        },
+        b: {
+          type: 'number',
+          description: 'The second number'
+        }
+      },
+      required: ['operation', 'a', 'b']
+    }),
+    execute: async ({ operation, a, b }) => {
+      const operations = {
+        add: (x: number, y: number) => x + y,
+        subtract: (x: number, y: number) => x - y,
+        multiply: (x: number, y: number) => x * y,
+        divide: (x: number, y: number) => x / y
+      }
+      return { result: operations[operation as keyof typeof operations](a, b) }
+    }
+  },
+
+  searchDatabase: {
+    description: 'Search for information in a database',
+    inputSchema: jsonSchema({
+      type: 'object',
+      properties: {
+        query: {
+          type: 'string',
+          description: 'The search query'
+        },
+        limit: {
+          type: 'number',
+          description: 'Maximum number of results to return',
+          default: 10
+        }
+      },
+      required: ['query']
+    }),
+    execute: async ({ query, limit = 10 }) => {
+      return {
+        results: [
+          { id: 1, title: `Result 1 for ${query}`, relevance: 0.95 },
+          { id: 2, title: `Result 2 for ${query}`, relevance: 0.87 }
+        ].slice(0, limit)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mock streaming chunks for different providers
+ */
+export const mockStreamingChunks = {
+  text: [
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'Hello' },
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: ', ' },
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'this ' },
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'is ' },
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'a ' },
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'test.' }
+  ],
+
+  withToolCall: [
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'Let me check the weather for you.' },
+    {
+      type: 'tool-call-delta' as const,
+      toolCallType: 'function' as const,
+      toolCallId: 'call_123',
+      toolName: 'getWeather',
+      argsTextDelta: '{"location":'
+    },
+    {
+      type: 'tool-call-delta' as const,
+      toolCallType: 'function' as const,
+      toolCallId: 'call_123',
+      toolName: 'getWeather',
+      argsTextDelta: ' "San Francisco, CA"}'
+    },
+    {
+      type: 'tool-call' as const,
+      toolCallType: 'function' as const,
+      toolCallId: 'call_123',
+      toolName: 'getWeather',
+      args: { location: 'San Francisco, CA' }
+    }
+  ],
+
+  withFinish: [
+    { type: 'text-delta' as const, textDelta: 'Complete response.' },
+    {
+      type: 'finish' as const,
+      finishReason: 'stop' as const,
+      usage: {
+        promptTokens: 10,
+        completionTokens: 5,
+        totalTokens: 15
+      }
+    }
+  ]
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mock complete responses for non-streaming scenarios
+ */
+export const mockCompleteResponses = {
+  simple: {
+    text: 'This is a simple response.',
+    finishReason: 'stop' as const,
+    usage: {
+      promptTokens: 15,
+      completionTokens: 8,
+      totalTokens: 23
+    }
+  },
+
+  withToolCalls: {
+    text: 'I will check the weather for you.',
+    toolCalls: [
+      {
+        toolCallId: 'call_456',
+        toolName: 'getWeather',
+        args: { location: 'New York, NY', unit: 'celsius' }
+      }
+    ],
+    finishReason: 'tool-calls' as const,
+    usage: {
+      promptTokens: 25,
+      completionTokens: 12,
+      totalTokens: 37
+    }
+  },
+
+  withWarnings: {
+    text: 'Response with warnings.',
+    finishReason: 'stop' as const,
+    usage: {
+      promptTokens: 10,
+      completionTokens: 5,
+      totalTokens: 15
+    },
+    warnings: [
+      {
+        type: 'unsupported-setting' as const,
+        message: 'Temperature parameter not supported for this model'
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mock image generation responses
+ */
+export const mockImageResponses = {
+  single: {
+    image: {
+      base64: 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==',
+      uint8Array: new Uint8Array([137, 80, 78, 71, 13, 10, 26, 10, 0, 0, 0, 13, 73, 72, 68, 82]),
+      mimeType: 'image/png' as const
+    },
+    warnings: []
+  },
+
+  multiple: {
+    images: [
+      {
+        base64: 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==',
+        uint8Array: new Uint8Array([137, 80, 78, 71]),
+        mimeType: 'image/png' as const
+      },
+      {
+        base64: 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAIAAAACCAYAAABytg0kAAAAEklEQVR42mNk+M9QzwAEjDAGACCKAgdZ9zImAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC',
+        uint8Array: new Uint8Array([137, 80, 78, 71]),
+        mimeType: 'image/png' as const
+      }
+    ],
+    warnings: []
+  },
+
+  withProviderMetadata: {
+    image: {
+      base64: 'iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==',
+      uint8Array: new Uint8Array([137, 80, 78, 71]),
+      mimeType: 'image/png' as const
+    },
+    providerMetadata: {
+      openai: {
+        images: [
+          {
+            revisedPrompt: 'A detailed and enhanced version of the original prompt'
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    },
+    warnings: []
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Mock error responses
+ */
+export const mockErrors = {
+  invalidApiKey: {
+    name: 'APIError',
+    message: 'Invalid API key provided',
+    statusCode: 401
+  },
+
+  rateLimitExceeded: {
+    name: 'RateLimitError',
+    message: 'Rate limit exceeded. Please try again later.',
+    statusCode: 429,
+    headers: {
+      'retry-after': '60'
+    }
+  },
+
+  modelNotFound: {
+    name: 'ModelNotFoundError',
+    message: 'The requested model was not found',
+    statusCode: 404
+  },
+
+  contextLengthExceeded: {
+    name: 'ContextLengthError',
+    message: "This model's maximum context length is 4096 tokens",
+    statusCode: 400
+  },
+
+  timeout: {
+    name: 'TimeoutError',
+    message: 'Request timed out after 30000ms',
+    code: 'ETIMEDOUT'
+  },
+
+  networkError: {
+    name: 'NetworkError',
+    message: 'Network connection failed',
+    code: 'ECONNREFUSED'
+  }
+}

packages/aiCore/src/__tests__/helpers/provider-test-utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,329 @@
+/**
+ * Provider-Specific Test Utilities
+ * Helper functions for testing individual providers with all their parameters
+ */
+
+import type { Tool } from 'ai'
+import { expect } from 'vitest'
+
+/**
+ * Provider parameter configurations for comprehensive testing
+ */
+export const providerParameterMatrix = {
+  openai: {
+    models: ['gpt-4', 'gpt-4-turbo', 'gpt-3.5-turbo', 'gpt-4o'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0],
+      maxTokens: [100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0],
+      frequencyPenalty: [-2.0, -1.0, 0, 1.0, 2.0],
+      presencePenalty: [-2.0, -1.0, 0, 1.0, 2.0],
+      stop: [undefined, ['stop'], ['STOP', 'END']],
+      seed: [undefined, 12345, 67890],
+      responseFormat: [undefined, { type: 'json_object' as const }],
+      user: [undefined, 'test-user-123']
+    },
+    toolChoice: ['auto', 'required', 'none', { type: 'function' as const, name: 'getWeather' }],
+    parallelToolCalls: [true, false]
+  },
+
+  anthropic: {
+    models: ['claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022', 'claude-3-opus-20240229', 'claude-3-haiku-20240307'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.5, 1.0],
+      maxTokens: [100, 1000, 4000, 8000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0],
+      topK: [undefined, 1, 5, 10, 40],
+      stop: [undefined, ['Human:', 'Assistant:']],
+      metadata: [undefined, { userId: 'test-123' }]
+    },
+    toolChoice: ['auto', 'any', { type: 'tool' as const, name: 'getWeather' }]
+  },
+
+  google: {
+    models: ['gemini-2.0-flash-exp', 'gemini-1.5-pro', 'gemini-1.5-flash'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0],
+      maxTokens: [100, 1000, 2000, 8000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.95, 1.0],
+      topK: [undefined, 1, 16, 40],
+      stopSequences: [undefined, ['END'], ['STOP', 'TERMINATE']]
+    },
+    safetySettings: [
+      undefined,
+      [
+        { category: 'HARM_CATEGORY_HARASSMENT', threshold: 'BLOCK_MEDIUM_AND_ABOVE' },
+        { category: 'HARM_CATEGORY_HATE_SPEECH', threshold: 'BLOCK_ONLY_HIGH' }
+      ]
+    ]
+  },
+
+  xai: {
+    models: ['grok-2-latest', 'grok-2-1212'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5],
+      maxTokens: [100, 500, 2000, 4000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.9, 1.0],
+      stop: [undefined, ['STOP'], ['END', 'TERMINATE']],
+      seed: [undefined, 12345]
+    }
+  },
+
+  deepseek: {
+    models: ['deepseek-chat', 'deepseek-coder'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.5, 1.0],
+      maxTokens: [100, 1000, 4000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.95],
+      frequencyPenalty: [0, 0.5, 1.0],
+      presencePenalty: [0, 0.5, 1.0],
+      stop: [undefined, ['```'], ['END']]
+    }
+  },
+
+  azure: {
+    deployments: ['gpt-4-deployment', 'gpt-35-turbo-deployment'],
+    parameters: {
+      temperature: [0, 0.7, 1.0],
+      maxTokens: [100, 1000, 2000],
+      topP: [0.1, 0.5, 0.95],
+      frequencyPenalty: [0, 1.0],
+      presencePenalty: [0, 1.0],
+      stop: [undefined, ['STOP']]
+    }
+  }
+} as const
+
+/**
+ * Creates test cases for all parameter combinations
+ */
+export function generateParameterTestCases<T extends Record<string, any[]>>(
+  params: T,
+  maxCombinations = 50
+): Array<Partial<{ [K in keyof T]: T[K][number] }>> {
+  const keys = Object.keys(params) as Array<keyof T>
+  const testCases: Array<Partial<{ [K in keyof T]: T[K][number] }>> = []
+
+  // Generate combinations using sampling strategy for large parameter spaces
+  const totalCombinations = keys.reduce((acc, key) => acc * params[key].length, 1)
+
+  if (totalCombinations <= maxCombinations) {
+    // Generate all combinations if total is small
+    generateAllCombinations(params, keys, 0, {}, testCases)
+  } else {
+    // Sample diverse combinations if total is large
+    generateSampledCombinations(params, keys, maxCombinations, testCases)
+  }
+
+  return testCases
+}
+
+function generateAllCombinations<T extends Record<string, any[]>>(
+  params: T,
+  keys: Array<keyof T>,
+  index: number,
+  current: Partial<{ [K in keyof T]: T[K][number] }>,
+  results: Array<Partial<{ [K in keyof T]: T[K][number] }>>
+) {
+  if (index === keys.length) {
+    results.push({ ...current })
+    return
+  }
+
+  const key = keys[index]
+  for (const value of params[key]) {
+    generateAllCombinations(params, keys, index + 1, { ...current, [key]: value }, results)
+  }
+}
+
+function generateSampledCombinations<T extends Record<string, any[]>>(
+  params: T,
+  keys: Array<keyof T>,
+  count: number,
+  results: Array<Partial<{ [K in keyof T]: T[K][number] }>>
+) {
+  // Generate edge cases first (min/max values)
+  const edgeCase1: any = {}
+  const edgeCase2: any = {}
+
+  for (const key of keys) {
+    edgeCase1[key] = params[key][0]
+    edgeCase2[key] = params[key][params[key].length - 1]
+  }
+
+  results.push(edgeCase1, edgeCase2)
+
+  // Generate random combinations for the rest
+  for (let i = results.length; i < count; i++) {
+    const combination: any = {}
+    for (const key of keys) {
+      const values = params[key]
+      combination[key] = values[Math.floor(Math.random() * values.length)]
+    }
+    results.push(combination)
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates that all provider-specific parameters are correctly passed through
+ */
+export function validateProviderParams(providerId: string, actualParams: any, expectedParams: any): void {
+  const requiredFields: Record<string, string[]> = {
+    openai: ['model', 'messages'],
+    anthropic: ['model', 'messages'],
+    google: ['model', 'contents'],
+    xai: ['model', 'messages'],
+    deepseek: ['model', 'messages'],
+    azure: ['messages']
+  }
+
+  const fields = requiredFields[providerId] || ['model', 'messages']
+
+  for (const field of fields) {
+    expect(actualParams).toHaveProperty(field)
+  }
+
+  // Validate optional parameters if they were provided
+  const optionalParams = ['temperature', 'max_tokens', 'top_p', 'stop', 'tools']
+
+  for (const param of optionalParams) {
+    if (expectedParams[param] !== undefined) {
+      expect(actualParams[param]).toEqual(expectedParams[param])
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a comprehensive test suite for a provider
+ */
+// oxlint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+export function createProviderTestSuite(_providerId: string) {
+  return {
+    testBasicCompletion: async (executor: any, model: string) => {
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Hello' }]
+      })
+
+      expect(result).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result.text).toBeDefined()
+      expect(typeof result.text).toBe('string')
+    },
+
+    testStreaming: async (executor: any, model: string) => {
+      const chunks: any[] = []
+      const result = await executor.streamText({
+        model,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Hello' }]
+      })
+
+      for await (const chunk of result.textStream) {
+        chunks.push(chunk)
+      }
+
+      expect(chunks.length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+    },
+
+    testTemperature: async (executor: any, model: string, temperatures: number[]) => {
+      for (const temperature of temperatures) {
+        const result = await executor.generateText({
+          model,
+          messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Hello' }],
+          temperature
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toBeDefined()
+      }
+    },
+
+    testMaxTokens: async (executor: any, model: string, maxTokensValues: number[]) => {
+      for (const maxTokens of maxTokensValues) {
+        const result = await executor.generateText({
+          model,
+          messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Hello' }],
+          maxTokens
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toBeDefined()
+        if (result.usage?.completionTokens) {
+          expect(result.usage.completionTokens).toBeLessThanOrEqual(maxTokens)
+        }
+      }
+    },
+
+    testToolCalling: async (executor: any, model: string, tools: Record<string, Tool>) => {
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model,
+        messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'What is the weather in SF?' }],
+        tools
+      })
+
+      expect(result).toBeDefined()
+    },
+
+    testStopSequences: async (executor: any, model: string, stopSequences: string[][]) => {
+      for (const stop of stopSequences) {
+        const result = await executor.generateText({
+          model,
+          messages: [{ role: 'user' as const, content: 'Count to 10' }],
+          stop
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toBeDefined()
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Generates test data for vision/multimodal testing
+ */
+export function createVisionTestData() {
+  return {
+    imageUrl: 'https://example.com/test-image.jpg',
+    base64Image:
+      'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg==',
+    messages: [
+      {
+        role: 'user' as const,
+        content: [
+          { type: 'text' as const, text: 'What is in this image?' },
+          {
+            type: 'image' as const,
+            image:
+              'data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAADUlEQVR42mNk+M9QDwADhgGAWjR9awAAAABJRU5ErkJggg=='
+          }
+        ]
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates mock responses for different finish reasons
+ */
+export function createFinishReasonMocks() {
+  return {
+    stop: {
+      text: 'Complete response.',
+      finishReason: 'stop' as const,
+      usage: { promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 5, totalTokens: 15 }
+    },
+    length: {
+      text: 'Incomplete response due to',
+      finishReason: 'length' as const,
+      usage: { promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 100, totalTokens: 110 }
+    },
+    'tool-calls': {
+      text: 'Calling tools',
+      finishReason: 'tool-calls' as const,
+      toolCalls: [{ toolCallId: 'call_1', toolName: 'getWeather', args: { location: 'SF' } }],
+      usage: { promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 8, totalTokens: 18 }
+    },
+    'content-filter': {
+      text: '',
+      finishReason: 'content-filter' as const,
+      usage: { promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 0, totalTokens: 10 }
+    }
+  }
+}

packages/aiCore/src/__tests__/helpers/test-utils.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,291 @@
+/**
+ * Test Utilities
+ * Helper functions for testing AI Core functionality
+ */
+
+import { expect, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import type { ProviderId } from '../fixtures/mock-providers'
+import { createMockImageModel, createMockLanguageModel, mockProviderConfigs } from '../fixtures/mock-providers'
+
+/**
+ * Creates a test provider with streaming support
+ */
+export function createTestStreamingProvider(chunks: any[]) {
+  return createMockLanguageModel({
+    doStream: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+      stream: (async function* () {
+        for (const chunk of chunks) {
+          yield chunk
+        }
+      })(),
+      rawCall: { rawPrompt: null, rawSettings: {} },
+      rawResponse: { headers: {} },
+      warnings: []
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a test provider that throws errors
+ */
+export function createErrorProvider(error: Error) {
+  return createMockLanguageModel({
+    doGenerate: vi.fn().mockRejectedValue(error),
+    doStream: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => {
+      throw error
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Collects all chunks from a stream
+ */
+export async function collectStreamChunks<T>(stream: AsyncIterable<T>): Promise<T[]> {
+  const chunks: T[] = []
+  for await (const chunk of stream) {
+    chunks.push(chunk)
+  }
+  return chunks
+}
+
+/**
+ * Waits for a specific number of milliseconds
+ */
+export function wait(ms: number): Promise<void> {
+  return new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms))
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock abort controller that aborts after a delay
+ */
+export function createDelayedAbortController(delayMs: number): AbortController {
+  const controller = new AbortController()
+  setTimeout(() => controller.abort(), delayMs)
+  return controller
+}
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that a function throws an error with a specific message
+ */
+export async function expectError(fn: () => Promise<any>, expectedMessage?: string | RegExp): Promise<Error> {
+  try {
+    await fn()
+    throw new Error('Expected function to throw an error, but it did not')
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (expectedMessage) {
+      const message = (error as Error).message
+      if (typeof expectedMessage === 'string') {
+        if (!message.includes(expectedMessage)) {
+          throw new Error(`Expected error message to include "${expectedMessage}", but got "${message}"`)
+        }
+      } else {
+        if (!expectedMessage.test(message)) {
+          throw new Error(`Expected error message to match ${expectedMessage}, but got "${message}"`)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+    return error as Error
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a spy function that tracks calls and arguments
+ */
+export function createSpy<T extends (...args: any[]) => any>() {
+  const calls: Array<{ args: Parameters<T>; result?: ReturnType<T>; error?: Error }> = []
+
+  const spy = vi.fn((...args: Parameters<T>) => {
+    try {
+      const result = undefined as ReturnType<T>
+      calls.push({ args, result })
+      return result
+    } catch (error) {
+      calls.push({ args, error: error as Error })
+      throw error
+    }
+  })
+
+  return {
+    fn: spy,
+    calls,
+    getCalls: () => calls,
+    getCallCount: () => calls.length,
+    getLastCall: () => calls[calls.length - 1],
+    reset: () => {
+      calls.length = 0
+      spy.mockClear()
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates provider configuration
+ */
+export function validateProviderConfig(providerId: ProviderId) {
+  const config = mockProviderConfigs[providerId]
+  if (!config) {
+    throw new Error(`No mock configuration found for provider: ${providerId}`)
+  }
+
+  if (!config.apiKey) {
+    throw new Error(`Provider ${providerId} is missing apiKey in mock config`)
+  }
+
+  return config
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a test context with common setup
+ */
+export function createTestContext() {
+  const mocks = {
+    languageModel: createMockLanguageModel(),
+    imageModel: createMockImageModel(),
+    providers: new Map<string, any>()
+  }
+
+  const cleanup = () => {
+    mocks.providers.clear()
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  }
+
+  return {
+    mocks,
+    cleanup
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Measures execution time of an async function
+ */
+export async function measureTime<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>): Promise<{ result: T; duration: number }> {
+  const start = Date.now()
+  const result = await fn()
+  const duration = Date.now() - start
+  return { result, duration }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Retries a function until it succeeds or max attempts reached
+ */
+export async function retryUntilSuccess<T>(fn: () => Promise<T>, maxAttempts = 3, delayMs = 100): Promise<T> {
+  let lastError: Error | undefined
+
+  for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++) {
+    try {
+      return await fn()
+    } catch (error) {
+      lastError = error as Error
+      if (attempt < maxAttempts) {
+        await wait(delayMs)
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw lastError || new Error('All retry attempts failed')
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a mock streaming response that emits chunks at intervals
+ */
+export function createTimedStream<T>(chunks: T[], intervalMs = 10) {
+  return {
+    async *[Symbol.asyncIterator]() {
+      for (const chunk of chunks) {
+        await wait(intervalMs)
+        yield chunk
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Asserts that two objects are deeply equal, ignoring specified keys
+ */
+export function assertDeepEqualIgnoring<T extends Record<string, any>>(
+  actual: T,
+  expected: T,
+  ignoreKeys: string[] = []
+): void {
+  const filterKeys = (obj: T): Partial<T> => {
+    const filtered = { ...obj }
+    for (const key of ignoreKeys) {
+      delete filtered[key]
+    }
+    return filtered
+  }
+
+  const filteredActual = filterKeys(actual)
+  const filteredExpected = filterKeys(expected)
+
+  expect(filteredActual).toEqual(filteredExpected)
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a provider mock that simulates rate limiting
+ */
+export function createRateLimitedProvider(limitPerSecond: number) {
+  const calls: number[] = []
+
+  return createMockLanguageModel({
+    doGenerate: vi.fn().mockImplementation(async () => {
+      const now = Date.now()
+      calls.push(now)
+
+      // Remove calls older than 1 second
+      const recentCalls = calls.filter((time) => now - time < 1000)
+
+      if (recentCalls.length > limitPerSecond) {
+        throw new Error('Rate limit exceeded')
+      }
+
+      return {
+        text: 'Rate limited response',
+        finishReason: 'stop' as const,
+        usage: { promptTokens: 10, completionTokens: 5, totalTokens: 15 },
+        rawCall: { rawPrompt: null, rawSettings: {} },
+        rawResponse: { headers: {} },
+        warnings: []
+      }
+    })
+  })
+}
+
+/**
+ * Validates streaming response structure
+ */
+export function validateStreamChunk(chunk: any): void {
+  expect(chunk).toBeDefined()
+  expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('type')
+
+  if (chunk.type === 'text-delta') {
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('textDelta')
+    expect(typeof chunk.textDelta).toBe('string')
+  } else if (chunk.type === 'finish') {
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('finishReason')
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('usage')
+  } else if (chunk.type === 'tool-call') {
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('toolCallId')
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('toolName')
+    expect(chunk).toHaveProperty('args')
+  }
+}
+
+/**
+ * Creates a test logger that captures log messages
+ */
+export function createTestLogger() {
+  const logs: Array<{ level: string; message: string; meta?: any }> = []
+
+  return {
+    info: (message: string, meta?: any) => logs.push({ level: 'info', message, meta }),
+    warn: (message: string, meta?: any) => logs.push({ level: 'warn', message, meta }),
+    error: (message: string, meta?: any) => logs.push({ level: 'error', message, meta }),
+    debug: (message: string, meta?: any) => logs.push({ level: 'debug', message, meta }),
+    getLogs: () => logs,
+    clear: () => {
+      logs.length = 0
+    }
+  }
+}

packages/aiCore/src/__tests__/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+/**
+ * Test Infrastructure Exports
+ * Central export point for all test utilities, fixtures, and helpers
+ */
+
+// Fixtures
+export * from './fixtures/mock-providers'
+export * from './fixtures/mock-responses'
+
+// Helpers
+export * from './helpers/provider-test-utils'
+export * from './helpers/test-utils'

packages/aiCore/src/core/plugins/built-in/index.ts

@@ -4,12 +4,7 @@
  */
 export const BUILT_IN_PLUGIN_PREFIX = 'built-in:'
 
-export { googleToolsPlugin } from './googleToolsPlugin'
-export { createLoggingPlugin } from './logging'
-export { createPromptToolUsePlugin } from './toolUsePlugin/promptToolUsePlugin'
-export type {
-  PromptToolUseConfig,
-  ToolUseRequestContext,
-  ToolUseResult
-} from './toolUsePlugin/type'
-export { webSearchPlugin, type WebSearchPluginConfig } from './webSearchPlugin'
+export * from './googleToolsPlugin'
+export * from './toolUsePlugin/promptToolUsePlugin'
+export * from './toolUsePlugin/type'
+export * from './webSearchPlugin'

packages/aiCore/src/core/plugins/built-in/webSearchPlugin/index.ts

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export const webSearchPlugin = (config: WebSearchPluginConfig = DEFAULT_WEB_SEAR
   })
 
 // 导出类型定义供开发者使用
-export type { WebSearchPluginConfig, WebSearchToolOutputSchema } from './helper'
+export * from './helper'
 
 // 默认导出
 export default webSearchPlugin

packages/aiCore/src/core/providers/index.ts

@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ export {
 // ==================== 基础数据和类型 ====================
 
 // 基础Provider数据源
-export { baseProviderIds, baseProviders } from './schemas'
+export { baseProviderIds, baseProviders, isBaseProvider } from './schemas'
 
 // 类型定义和Schema
 export type {

packages/aiCore/src/core/providers/schemas.ts

@@ -7,7 +7,6 @@ import { createAzure } from '@ai-sdk/azure'
 import { type AzureOpenAIProviderSettings } from '@ai-sdk/azure'
 import { createDeepSeek } from '@ai-sdk/deepseek'
 import { createGoogleGenerativeAI } from '@ai-sdk/google'
-import { createHuggingFace } from '@ai-sdk/huggingface'
 import { createOpenAI, type OpenAIProviderSettings } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
 import { createOpenAICompatible } from '@ai-sdk/openai-compatible'
 import type { LanguageModelV2 } from '@ai-sdk/provider'
@@ -33,8 +32,7 @@ export const baseProviderIds = [
   'deepseek',
   'openrouter',
   'cherryin',
-  'cherryin-chat',
-  'huggingface'
+  'cherryin-chat'
 ] as const
 
 /**
@@ -158,12 +156,6 @@ export const baseProviders = [
       })
     },
     supportsImageGeneration: true
-  },
-  {
-    id: 'huggingface',
-    name: 'HuggingFace',
-    creator: createHuggingFace,
-    supportsImageGeneration: true
   }
 ] as const satisfies BaseProvider[]
 

packages/aiCore/src/core/runtime/__tests__/generateText.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,499 @@
+/**
+ * RuntimeExecutor.generateText Comprehensive Tests
+ * Tests non-streaming text generation across all providers with various parameters
+ */
+
+import { generateText } from 'ai'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import {
+  createMockLanguageModel,
+  mockCompleteResponses,
+  mockProviderConfigs,
+  testMessages,
+  testTools
+} from '../../../__tests__'
+import type { AiPlugin } from '../../plugins'
+import { globalRegistryManagement } from '../../providers/RegistryManagement'
+import { RuntimeExecutor } from '../executor'
+
+// Mock AI SDK
+vi.mock('ai', () => ({
+  generateText: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../../providers/RegistryManagement', () => ({
+  globalRegistryManagement: {
+    languageModel: vi.fn()
+  },
+  DEFAULT_SEPARATOR: '|'
+}))
+
+describe('RuntimeExecutor.generateText', () => {
+  let executor: RuntimeExecutor<'openai'>
+  let mockLanguageModel: any
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+    executor = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai)
+
+    mockLanguageModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+      provider: 'openai',
+      modelId: 'gpt-4'
+    })
+
+    vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(mockLanguageModel)
+    vi.mocked(generateText).mockResolvedValue(mockCompleteResponses.simple as any)
+  })
+
+  describe('Basic Functionality', () => {
+    it('should generate text with minimal parameters', async () => {
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        model: mockLanguageModel,
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(result.text).toBe('This is a simple response.')
+      expect(result.finishReason).toBe('stop')
+      expect(result.usage).toBeDefined()
+    })
+
+    it('should generate with system messages', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.withSystem
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        model: mockLanguageModel,
+        messages: testMessages.withSystem
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should generate with conversation history', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.conversation
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          messages: testMessages.conversation
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('All Parameter Combinations', () => {
+    it('should support all parameters together', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        temperature: 0.7,
+        maxOutputTokens: 500,
+        topP: 0.9,
+        frequencyPenalty: 0.5,
+        presencePenalty: 0.3,
+        stopSequences: ['STOP'],
+        seed: 12345
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature: 0.7,
+          maxOutputTokens: 500,
+          topP: 0.9,
+          frequencyPenalty: 0.5,
+          presencePenalty: 0.3,
+          stopSequences: ['STOP'],
+          seed: 12345
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should support partial parameters', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        temperature: 0.5,
+        maxOutputTokens: 100
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature: 0.5,
+          maxOutputTokens: 100
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Tool Calling', () => {
+    beforeEach(() => {
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockResolvedValue(mockCompleteResponses.withToolCalls as any)
+    })
+
+    it('should support tool calling', async () => {
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.toolUse,
+        tools: testTools
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          tools: testTools
+        })
+      )
+
+      expect(result.toolCalls).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result.toolCalls).toHaveLength(1)
+    })
+
+    it('should support toolChoice auto', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.toolUse,
+        tools: testTools,
+        toolChoice: 'auto'
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          toolChoice: 'auto'
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should support toolChoice required', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.toolUse,
+        tools: testTools,
+        toolChoice: 'required'
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          toolChoice: 'required'
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should support toolChoice none', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockResolvedValue(mockCompleteResponses.simple as any)
+
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        tools: testTools,
+        toolChoice: 'none'
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          toolChoice: 'none'
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should support specific tool selection', async () => {
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.toolUse,
+        tools: testTools,
+        toolChoice: {
+          type: 'tool',
+          toolName: 'getWeather'
+        }
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          toolChoice: {
+            type: 'tool',
+            toolName: 'getWeather'
+          }
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Multiple Providers', () => {
+    it('should work with Anthropic provider', async () => {
+      const anthropicExecutor = RuntimeExecutor.create('anthropic', mockProviderConfigs.anthropic)
+
+      const anthropicModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+        provider: 'anthropic',
+        modelId: 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022'
+      })
+
+      vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(anthropicModel)
+
+      await anthropicExecutor.generateText({
+        model: 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith('anthropic|claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022')
+    })
+
+    it('should work with Google provider', async () => {
+      const googleExecutor = RuntimeExecutor.create('google', mockProviderConfigs.google)
+
+      const googleModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+        provider: 'google',
+        modelId: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp'
+      })
+
+      vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(googleModel)
+
+      await googleExecutor.generateText({
+        model: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith('google|gemini-2.0-flash-exp')
+    })
+
+    it('should work with xAI provider', async () => {
+      const xaiExecutor = RuntimeExecutor.create('xai', mockProviderConfigs.xai)
+
+      const xaiModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+        provider: 'xai',
+        modelId: 'grok-2-latest'
+      })
+
+      vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(xaiModel)
+
+      await xaiExecutor.generateText({
+        model: 'grok-2-latest',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith('xai|grok-2-latest')
+    })
+
+    it('should work with DeepSeek provider', async () => {
+      const deepseekExecutor = RuntimeExecutor.create('deepseek', mockProviderConfigs.deepseek)
+
+      const deepseekModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+        provider: 'deepseek',
+        modelId: 'deepseek-chat'
+      })
+
+      vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(deepseekModel)
+
+      await deepseekExecutor.generateText({
+        model: 'deepseek-chat',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).toHaveBeenCalledWith('deepseek|deepseek-chat')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Plugin Integration', () => {
+    it('should execute all plugin hooks', async () => {
+      const pluginCalls: string[] = []
+
+      const testPlugin: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'test-plugin',
+        onRequestStart: vi.fn(async () => {
+          pluginCalls.push('onRequestStart')
+        }),
+        transformParams: vi.fn(async (params) => {
+          pluginCalls.push('transformParams')
+          return { ...params, temperature: 0.8 }
+        }),
+        transformResult: vi.fn(async (result) => {
+          pluginCalls.push('transformResult')
+          return { ...result, text: result.text + ' [modified]' }
+        }),
+        onRequestEnd: vi.fn(async () => {
+          pluginCalls.push('onRequestEnd')
+        })
+      }
+
+      const executorWithPlugin = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai, [testPlugin])
+
+      const result = await executorWithPlugin.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(pluginCalls).toEqual(['onRequestStart', 'transformParams', 'transformResult', 'onRequestEnd'])
+
+      // Verify transformed parameters
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature: 0.8
+        })
+      )
+
+      // Verify transformed result
+      expect(result.text).toContain('[modified]')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle multiple plugins in order', async () => {
+      const pluginOrder: string[] = []
+
+      const plugin1: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'plugin-1',
+        transformParams: vi.fn(async (params) => {
+          pluginOrder.push('plugin-1')
+          return { ...params, temperature: 0.5 }
+        })
+      }
+
+      const plugin2: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'plugin-2',
+        transformParams: vi.fn(async (params) => {
+          pluginOrder.push('plugin-2')
+          return { ...params, maxTokens: 200 }
+        })
+      }
+
+      const executorWithPlugins = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai, [plugin1, plugin2])
+
+      await executorWithPlugins.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(pluginOrder).toEqual(['plugin-1', 'plugin-2'])
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature: 0.5,
+          maxTokens: 200
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should handle API errors', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('API request failed')
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockRejectedValue(error)
+
+      await expect(
+        executor.generateText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('API request failed')
+    })
+
+    it('should execute onError plugin hook', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('Generation failed')
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockRejectedValue(error)
+
+      const errorPlugin: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'error-handler',
+        onError: vi.fn()
+      }
+
+      const executorWithPlugin = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai, [errorPlugin])
+
+      await expect(
+        executorWithPlugin.generateText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Generation failed')
+
+      expect(errorPlugin.onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        error,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          providerId: 'openai',
+          modelId: 'gpt-4'
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should handle model not found error', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('Model not found: invalid-model')
+      vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockImplementation(() => {
+        throw error
+      })
+
+      await expect(
+        executor.generateText({
+          model: 'invalid-model',
+          messages: testMessages.simple
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Model not found')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Usage and Metadata', () => {
+    it('should return usage information', async () => {
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(result.usage).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result.usage.inputTokens).toBe(15)
+      expect(result.usage.outputTokens).toBe(8)
+      expect(result.usage.totalTokens).toBe(23)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle warnings', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockResolvedValue(mockCompleteResponses.withWarnings as any)
+
+      const result = await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        temperature: 2.5 // Unsupported value
+      })
+
+      expect(result.warnings).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result.warnings).toHaveLength(1)
+      expect(result.warnings![0].type).toBe('unsupported-setting')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Abort Signal', () => {
+    it('should support abort signal', async () => {
+      const abortController = new AbortController()
+
+      await executor.generateText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        abortSignal: abortController.signal
+      })
+
+      expect(generateText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          abortSignal: abortController.signal
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should handle aborted request', async () => {
+      const abortError = new Error('Request aborted')
+      abortError.name = 'AbortError'
+
+      vi.mocked(generateText).mockRejectedValue(abortError)
+
+      const abortController = new AbortController()
+      abortController.abort()
+
+      await expect(
+        executor.generateText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple,
+          abortSignal: abortController.signal
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Request aborted')
+    })
+  })
+})

packages/aiCore/src/core/runtime/__tests__/streamText.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,525 @@
+/**
+ * RuntimeExecutor.streamText Comprehensive Tests
+ * Tests streaming text generation across all providers with various parameters
+ */
+
+import { streamText } from 'ai'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { collectStreamChunks, createMockLanguageModel, mockProviderConfigs, testMessages } from '../../../__tests__'
+import type { AiPlugin } from '../../plugins'
+import { globalRegistryManagement } from '../../providers/RegistryManagement'
+import { RuntimeExecutor } from '../executor'
+
+// Mock AI SDK
+vi.mock('ai', () => ({
+  streamText: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../../providers/RegistryManagement', () => ({
+  globalRegistryManagement: {
+    languageModel: vi.fn()
+  },
+  DEFAULT_SEPARATOR: '|'
+}))
+
+describe('RuntimeExecutor.streamText', () => {
+  let executor: RuntimeExecutor<'openai'>
+  let mockLanguageModel: any
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+    executor = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai)
+
+    mockLanguageModel = createMockLanguageModel({
+      provider: 'openai',
+      modelId: 'gpt-4'
+    })
+
+    vi.mocked(globalRegistryManagement.languageModel).mockReturnValue(mockLanguageModel)
+  })
+
+  describe('Basic Functionality', () => {
+    it('should stream text with minimal parameters', async () => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Hello'
+          yield ' '
+          yield 'World'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Hello' }
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: ' ' }
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'World' }
+        })(),
+        usage: Promise.resolve({ promptTokens: 5, completionTokens: 3, totalTokens: 8 })
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      const result = await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        model: mockLanguageModel,
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      const chunks = await collectStreamChunks(result.textStream)
+      expect(chunks).toEqual(['Hello', ' ', 'World'])
+    })
+
+    it('should stream with system messages', async () => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.withSystem
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith({
+        model: mockLanguageModel,
+        messages: testMessages.withSystem
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should stream multi-turn conversations', async () => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Multi-turn response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Multi-turn response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.multiTurn
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          messages: testMessages.multiTurn
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Temperature Parameter', () => {
+    const temperatures = [0, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
+
+    it.each(temperatures)('should support temperature=%s', async (temperature) => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        temperature
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Max Tokens Parameter', () => {
+    const maxTokensValues = [10, 50, 100, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000]
+
+    it.each(maxTokensValues)('should support maxTokens=%s', async (maxTokens) => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        maxOutputTokens: maxTokens
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          maxTokens
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Top P Parameter', () => {
+    const topPValues = [0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, 0.95, 1.0]
+
+    it.each(topPValues)('should support topP=%s', async (topP) => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        topP
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          topP
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Frequency and Presence Penalty', () => {
+    it('should support frequency penalty', async () => {
+      const penalties = [-2.0, -1.0, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
+
+      for (const frequencyPenalty of penalties) {
+        vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+        const mockStream = {
+          textStream: (async function* () {
+            yield 'Response'
+          })(),
+          fullStream: (async function* () {
+            yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+          })()
+        }
+
+        vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+        await executor.streamText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple,
+          frequencyPenalty
+        })
+
+        expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            frequencyPenalty
+          })
+        )
+      }
+    })
+
+    it('should support presence penalty', async () => {
+      const penalties = [-2.0, -1.0, 0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0]
+
+      for (const presencePenalty of penalties) {
+        vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+        const mockStream = {
+          textStream: (async function* () {
+            yield 'Response'
+          })(),
+          fullStream: (async function* () {
+            yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+          })()
+        }
+
+        vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+        await executor.streamText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple,
+          presencePenalty
+        })
+
+        expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            presencePenalty
+          })
+        )
+      }
+    })
+
+    it('should support both penalties together', async () => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        frequencyPenalty: 0.5,
+        presencePenalty: 0.5
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          frequencyPenalty: 0.5,
+          presencePenalty: 0.5
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Seed Parameter', () => {
+    it('should support seed for deterministic output', async () => {
+      const seeds = [0, 12345, 67890, 999999]
+
+      for (const seed of seeds) {
+        vi.clearAllMocks()
+
+        const mockStream = {
+          textStream: (async function* () {
+            yield 'Response'
+          })(),
+          fullStream: (async function* () {
+            yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+          })()
+        }
+
+        vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+        await executor.streamText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple,
+          seed
+        })
+
+        expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+          expect.objectContaining({
+            seed
+          })
+        )
+      }
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Abort Signal', () => {
+    it('should support abort signal', async () => {
+      const abortController = new AbortController()
+
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        abortSignal: abortController.signal
+      })
+
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          abortSignal: abortController.signal
+        })
+      )
+    })
+
+    it('should handle abort during streaming', async () => {
+      const abortController = new AbortController()
+
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Start'
+          // Simulate abort
+          abortController.abort()
+          throw new Error('Aborted')
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Start' }
+          throw new Error('Aborted')
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      const result = await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple,
+        abortSignal: abortController.signal
+      })
+
+      await expect(async () => {
+        // oxlint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+        for await (const _chunk of result.textStream) {
+          // Stream should be interrupted
+        }
+      }).rejects.toThrow('Aborted')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Plugin Integration', () => {
+    it('should execute plugins during streaming', async () => {
+      const pluginCalls: string[] = []
+
+      const testPlugin: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'test-plugin',
+        onRequestStart: vi.fn(async () => {
+          pluginCalls.push('onRequestStart')
+        }),
+        transformParams: vi.fn(async (params) => {
+          pluginCalls.push('transformParams')
+          return { ...params, temperature: 0.5 }
+        }),
+        onRequestEnd: vi.fn(async () => {
+          pluginCalls.push('onRequestEnd')
+        })
+      }
+
+      const executorWithPlugin = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai, [testPlugin])
+
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      const result = await executorWithPlugin.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      // Consume stream
+      // oxlint-disable-next-line no-unused-vars
+      for await (const _chunk of result.textStream) {
+        // Stream chunks
+      }
+
+      expect(pluginCalls).toContain('onRequestStart')
+      expect(pluginCalls).toContain('transformParams')
+
+      // Verify transformed parameters were used
+      expect(streamText).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          temperature: 0.5
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Full Stream with Finish Reason', () => {
+    it('should provide finish reason in full stream', async () => {
+      const mockStream = {
+        textStream: (async function* () {
+          yield 'Response'
+        })(),
+        fullStream: (async function* () {
+          yield { type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' }
+          yield {
+            type: 'finish',
+            finishReason: 'stop',
+            usage: { promptTokens: 5, completionTokens: 3, totalTokens: 8 }
+          }
+        })()
+      }
+
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockResolvedValue(mockStream as any)
+
+      const result = await executor.streamText({
+        model: 'gpt-4',
+        messages: testMessages.simple
+      })
+
+      const fullChunks = await collectStreamChunks(result.fullStream)
+
+      expect(fullChunks).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(fullChunks[0]).toEqual({ type: 'text-delta', textDelta: 'Response' })
+      expect(fullChunks[1]).toEqual({
+        type: 'finish',
+        finishReason: 'stop',
+        usage: { promptTokens: 5, completionTokens: 3, totalTokens: 8 }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Error Handling', () => {
+    it('should handle streaming errors', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('Streaming failed')
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockRejectedValue(error)
+
+      await expect(
+        executor.streamText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Streaming failed')
+    })
+
+    it('should execute onError plugin hook on failure', async () => {
+      const error = new Error('Stream error')
+      vi.mocked(streamText).mockRejectedValue(error)
+
+      const errorPlugin: AiPlugin = {
+        name: 'error-handler',
+        onError: vi.fn()
+      }
+
+      const executorWithPlugin = RuntimeExecutor.create('openai', mockProviderConfigs.openai, [errorPlugin])
+
+      await expect(
+        executorWithPlugin.streamText({
+          model: 'gpt-4',
+          messages: testMessages.simple
+        })
+      ).rejects.toThrow('Stream error')
+
+      expect(errorPlugin.onError).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        error,
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          providerId: 'openai',
+          modelId: 'gpt-4'
+        })
+      )
+    })
+  })
+})

packages/shared/IpcChannel.ts

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ export enum IpcChannel {
   App_SetFullScreen = 'app:set-full-screen',
   App_IsFullScreen = 'app:is-full-screen',
   App_GetSystemFonts = 'app:get-system-fonts',
+  APP_CrashRenderProcess = 'app:crash-render-process',
 
   App_MacIsProcessTrusted = 'app:mac-is-process-trusted',
   App_MacRequestProcessTrust = 'app:mac-request-process-trust',
@@ -234,6 +235,7 @@ export enum IpcChannel {
   System_GetDeviceType = 'system:getDeviceType',
   System_GetHostname = 'system:getHostname',
   System_GetCpuName = 'system:getCpuName',
+  System_CheckGitBash = 'system:checkGitBash',
 
   // DevTools
   System_ToggleDevTools = 'system:toggleDevTools',

packages/shared/config/constant.ts

@@ -197,12 +197,22 @@ export enum FeedUrl {
   GITHUB_LATEST = 'https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest/download'
 }
 
+export enum UpdateConfigUrl {
+  GITHUB = 'https://raw.githubusercontent.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/refs/heads/x-files/app-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json',
+  GITCODE = 'https://raw.gitcode.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/raw/x-files%2Fapp-upgrade-config/app-upgrade-config.json'
+}
+
 export enum UpgradeChannel {
   LATEST = 'latest', // 最新稳定版本
   RC = 'rc', // 公测版本
   BETA = 'beta' // 预览版本
 }
 
+export enum UpdateMirror {
+  GITHUB = 'github',
+  GITCODE = 'gitcode'
+}
+
 export const defaultTimeout = 10 * 1000 * 60
 
 export const occupiedDirs = ['logs', 'Network', 'Partitions/webview/Network']

packages/shared/utils.ts

@@ -4,3 +4,34 @@ export const defaultAppHeaders = () => {
     'X-Title': 'Cherry Studio'
   }
 }
+
+// Following two function are not being used for now.
+// I may use them in the future, so just keep them commented. - by eurfelux
+
+/**
+ * Converts an `undefined` value to `null`, otherwise returns the value as-is.
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `null` if the input is `undefined`; otherwise the input value
+ */
+
+// export function toNullIfUndefined<T>(value: T | undefined): T | null {
+//   if (value === undefined) {
+//     return null
+//   } else {
+//     return value
+//   }
+// }
+
+/**
+ * Converts a `null` value to `undefined`, otherwise returns the value as-is.
+ * @param value - The value to check
+ * @returns `undefined` if the input is `null`; otherwise the input value
+ */
+
+// export function toUndefinedIfNull<T>(value: T | null): T | undefined {
+//   if (value === null) {
+//     return undefined
+//   } else {
+//     return value
+//   }
+// }

scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,532 @@
+import fs from 'fs/promises'
+import path from 'path'
+import semver from 'semver'
+
+type UpgradeChannel = 'latest' | 'rc' | 'beta'
+type UpdateMirror = 'github' | 'gitcode'
+
+const CHANNELS: UpgradeChannel[] = ['latest', 'rc', 'beta']
+const MIRRORS: UpdateMirror[] = ['github', 'gitcode']
+const GITHUB_REPO = 'CherryHQ/cherry-studio'
+const GITCODE_REPO = 'CherryHQ/cherry-studio'
+const DEFAULT_FEED_TEMPLATES: Record<UpdateMirror, string> = {
+  github: `https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/download/{{tag}}`,
+  gitcode: `https://gitcode.com/${GITCODE_REPO}/releases/download/{{tag}}`
+}
+const GITCODE_LATEST_FALLBACK = 'https://releases.cherry-ai.com'
+
+interface CliOptions {
+  tag?: string
+  configPath?: string
+  segmentsPath?: string
+  dryRun?: boolean
+  skipReleaseChecks?: boolean
+  isPrerelease?: boolean
+}
+
+interface ChannelTemplateConfig {
+  feedTemplates?: Partial<Record<UpdateMirror, string>>
+}
+
+interface SegmentMatchRule {
+  range?: string
+  exact?: string[]
+  excludeExact?: string[]
+}
+
+interface SegmentDefinition {
+  id: string
+  type: 'legacy' | 'breaking' | 'latest'
+  match: SegmentMatchRule
+  lockedVersion?: string
+  minCompatibleVersion: string
+  description: string
+  channelTemplates?: Partial<Record<UpgradeChannel, ChannelTemplateConfig>>
+}
+
+interface SegmentMetadataFile {
+  segments: SegmentDefinition[]
+}
+
+interface ChannelConfig {
+  version: string
+  feedUrls: Record<UpdateMirror, string>
+}
+
+interface VersionMetadata {
+  segmentId: string
+  segmentType?: string
+}
+
+interface VersionEntry {
+  metadata?: VersionMetadata
+  minCompatibleVersion: string
+  description: string
+  channels: Record<UpgradeChannel, ChannelConfig | null>
+}
+
+interface UpgradeConfigFile {
+  lastUpdated: string
+  versions: Record<string, VersionEntry>
+}
+
+interface ReleaseInfo {
+  tag: string
+  version: string
+  channel: UpgradeChannel
+}
+
+interface UpdateVersionsResult {
+  versions: Record<string, VersionEntry>
+  updated: boolean
+}
+
+const ROOT_DIR = path.resolve(__dirname, '..')
+const DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH = path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'app-upgrade-config.json')
+const DEFAULT_SEGMENTS_PATH = path.join(ROOT_DIR, 'config/app-upgrade-segments.json')
+
+async function main() {
+  const options = parseArgs()
+  const releaseTag = resolveTag(options)
+  const normalizedVersion = normalizeVersion(releaseTag)
+  const releaseChannel = detectChannel(normalizedVersion)
+  if (!releaseChannel) {
+    console.warn(`[update-app-upgrade-config] Tag ${normalizedVersion} does not map to beta/rc/latest. Skipping.`)
+    return
+  }
+
+  // Validate version format matches prerelease status
+  if (options.isPrerelease !== undefined) {
+    const hasPrereleaseSuffix = releaseChannel === 'beta' || releaseChannel === 'rc'
+
+    if (options.isPrerelease && !hasPrereleaseSuffix) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[update-app-upgrade-config] ⚠️  Release marked as prerelease but version ${normalizedVersion} has no beta/rc suffix. Skipping.`
+      )
+      return
+    }
+
+    if (!options.isPrerelease && hasPrereleaseSuffix) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[update-app-upgrade-config] ⚠️  Release marked as latest but version ${normalizedVersion} has prerelease suffix (${releaseChannel}). Skipping.`
+      )
+      return
+    }
+  }
+
+  const [config, segmentFile] = await Promise.all([
+    readJson<UpgradeConfigFile>(options.configPath ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH),
+    readJson<SegmentMetadataFile>(options.segmentsPath ?? DEFAULT_SEGMENTS_PATH)
+  ])
+
+  const segment = pickSegment(segmentFile.segments, normalizedVersion)
+  if (!segment) {
+    throw new Error(`Unable to find upgrade segment for version ${normalizedVersion}`)
+  }
+
+  if (segment.lockedVersion && segment.lockedVersion !== normalizedVersion) {
+    throw new Error(`Segment ${segment.id} is locked to ${segment.lockedVersion}, but received ${normalizedVersion}`)
+  }
+
+  const releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo = {
+    tag: formatTag(releaseTag),
+    version: normalizedVersion,
+    channel: releaseChannel
+  }
+
+  const { versions: updatedVersions, updated } = await updateVersions(
+    config.versions,
+    segment,
+    releaseInfo,
+    Boolean(options.skipReleaseChecks)
+  )
+
+  if (!updated) {
+    throw new Error(
+      `[update-app-upgrade-config] Feed URLs are not ready for ${releaseInfo.version} (${releaseInfo.channel}). Try again after the release mirrors finish syncing.`
+    )
+  }
+
+  const updatedConfig: UpgradeConfigFile = {
+    ...config,
+    lastUpdated: new Date().toISOString(),
+    versions: updatedVersions
+  }
+
+  const output = JSON.stringify(updatedConfig, null, 2) + '\n'
+
+  if (options.dryRun) {
+    console.log('Dry run enabled. Generated configuration:\n')
+    console.log(output)
+    return
+  }
+
+  await fs.writeFile(options.configPath ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH, output, 'utf-8')
+  console.log(
+    `✅ Updated ${path.relative(process.cwd(), options.configPath ?? DEFAULT_CONFIG_PATH)} for ${segment.id} (${releaseInfo.channel}) -> ${releaseInfo.version}`
+  )
+}
+
+function parseArgs(): CliOptions {
+  const args = process.argv.slice(2)
+  const options: CliOptions = {}
+
+  for (let i = 0; i < args.length; i += 1) {
+    const arg = args[i]
+    if (arg === '--tag') {
+      options.tag = args[i + 1]
+      i += 1
+    } else if (arg === '--config') {
+      options.configPath = args[i + 1]
+      i += 1
+    } else if (arg === '--segments') {
+      options.segmentsPath = args[i + 1]
+      i += 1
+    } else if (arg === '--dry-run') {
+      options.dryRun = true
+    } else if (arg === '--skip-release-checks') {
+      options.skipReleaseChecks = true
+    } else if (arg === '--is-prerelease') {
+      options.isPrerelease = args[i + 1] === 'true'
+      i += 1
+    } else if (arg === '--help') {
+      printHelp()
+      process.exit(0)
+    } else {
+      console.warn(`Ignoring unknown argument "${arg}"`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (options.skipReleaseChecks && !options.dryRun) {
+    throw new Error('--skip-release-checks can only be used together with --dry-run')
+  }
+
+  return options
+}
+
+function printHelp() {
+  console.log(`Usage: tsx scripts/update-app-upgrade-config.ts [options]
+
+Options:
+  --tag <tag>         Release tag (e.g. v2.1.6). Falls back to GITHUB_REF_NAME/RELEASE_TAG.
+  --config <path>     Path to app-upgrade-config.json.
+  --segments <path>   Path to app-upgrade-segments.json.
+  --is-prerelease <true|false>  Whether this is a prerelease (validates version format).
+  --dry-run           Print the result without writing to disk.
+  --skip-release-checks  Skip release page availability checks (only valid with --dry-run).
+  --help              Show this help message.`)
+}
+
+function resolveTag(options: CliOptions): string {
+  const envTag = process.env.RELEASE_TAG ?? process.env.GITHUB_REF_NAME ?? process.env.TAG_NAME
+  const tag = options.tag ?? envTag
+
+  if (!tag) {
+    throw new Error('A release tag is required. Pass --tag or set RELEASE_TAG/GITHUB_REF_NAME.')
+  }
+
+  return tag
+}
+
+function normalizeVersion(tag: string): string {
+  const cleaned = semver.clean(tag, { loose: true })
+  if (!cleaned) {
+    throw new Error(`Tag "${tag}" is not a valid semantic version`)
+  }
+
+  const valid = semver.valid(cleaned, { loose: true })
+  if (!valid) {
+    throw new Error(`Unable to normalize tag "${tag}" to a valid semantic version`)
+  }
+
+  return valid
+}
+
+function detectChannel(version: string): UpgradeChannel | null {
+  const parsed = semver.parse(version, { loose: true, includePrerelease: true })
+  if (!parsed) {
+    return null
+  }
+
+  if (parsed.prerelease.length === 0) {
+    return 'latest'
+  }
+
+  const label = String(parsed.prerelease[0]).toLowerCase()
+  if (label === 'beta') {
+    return 'beta'
+  }
+  if (label === 'rc') {
+    return 'rc'
+  }
+
+  return null
+}
+
+async function readJson<T>(filePath: string): Promise<T> {
+  const absolute = path.isAbsolute(filePath) ? filePath : path.resolve(filePath)
+  const data = await fs.readFile(absolute, 'utf-8')
+  return JSON.parse(data) as T
+}
+
+function pickSegment(segments: SegmentDefinition[], version: string): SegmentDefinition | null {
+  for (const segment of segments) {
+    if (matchesSegment(segment.match, version)) {
+      return segment
+    }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function matchesSegment(matchRule: SegmentMatchRule, version: string): boolean {
+  if (matchRule.exact && matchRule.exact.includes(version)) {
+    return true
+  }
+
+  if (matchRule.excludeExact && matchRule.excludeExact.includes(version)) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  if (matchRule.range && !semver.satisfies(version, matchRule.range, { includePrerelease: true })) {
+    return false
+  }
+
+  if (matchRule.exact) {
+    return matchRule.exact.includes(version)
+  }
+
+  return Boolean(matchRule.range)
+}
+
+function formatTag(tag: string): string {
+  if (tag.startsWith('refs/tags/')) {
+    return tag.replace('refs/tags/', '')
+  }
+  return tag
+}
+
+async function updateVersions(
+  versions: Record<string, VersionEntry>,
+  segment: SegmentDefinition,
+  releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo,
+  skipReleaseValidation: boolean
+): Promise<UpdateVersionsResult> {
+  const versionsCopy: Record<string, VersionEntry> = { ...versions }
+  const existingKey = findVersionKeyBySegment(versionsCopy, segment.id)
+  const targetKey = resolveVersionKey(existingKey, segment, releaseInfo)
+  const shouldRename = existingKey && existingKey !== targetKey
+
+  let entry: VersionEntry
+  if (existingKey) {
+    entry = { ...versionsCopy[existingKey], channels: { ...versionsCopy[existingKey].channels } }
+  } else {
+    entry = createEmptyVersionEntry()
+  }
+
+  entry.channels = ensureChannelSlots(entry.channels)
+
+  const channelUpdated = await applyChannelUpdate(entry, segment, releaseInfo, skipReleaseValidation)
+  if (!channelUpdated) {
+    return { versions, updated: false }
+  }
+
+  if (shouldRename && existingKey) {
+    delete versionsCopy[existingKey]
+  }
+
+  entry.metadata = {
+    segmentId: segment.id,
+    segmentType: segment.type
+  }
+  entry.minCompatibleVersion = segment.minCompatibleVersion
+  entry.description = segment.description
+
+  versionsCopy[targetKey] = entry
+  return {
+    versions: sortVersionMap(versionsCopy),
+    updated: true
+  }
+}
+
+function findVersionKeyBySegment(versions: Record<string, VersionEntry>, segmentId: string): string | null {
+  for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(versions)) {
+    if (value.metadata?.segmentId === segmentId) {
+      return key
+    }
+  }
+  return null
+}
+
+function resolveVersionKey(existingKey: string | null, segment: SegmentDefinition, releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo): string {
+  if (segment.lockedVersion) {
+    return segment.lockedVersion
+  }
+
+  if (releaseInfo.channel === 'latest') {
+    return releaseInfo.version
+  }
+
+  if (existingKey) {
+    return existingKey
+  }
+
+  const baseVersion = getBaseVersion(releaseInfo.version)
+  return baseVersion ?? releaseInfo.version
+}
+
+function getBaseVersion(version: string): string | null {
+  const parsed = semver.parse(version, { loose: true, includePrerelease: true })
+  if (!parsed) {
+    return null
+  }
+  return `${parsed.major}.${parsed.minor}.${parsed.patch}`
+}
+
+function createEmptyVersionEntry(): VersionEntry {
+  return {
+    minCompatibleVersion: '',
+    description: '',
+    channels: {
+      latest: null,
+      rc: null,
+      beta: null
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+function ensureChannelSlots(
+  channels: Record<UpgradeChannel, ChannelConfig | null>
+): Record<UpgradeChannel, ChannelConfig | null> {
+  return CHANNELS.reduce(
+    (acc, channel) => {
+      acc[channel] = channels[channel] ?? null
+      return acc
+    },
+    {} as Record<UpgradeChannel, ChannelConfig | null>
+  )
+}
+
+async function applyChannelUpdate(
+  entry: VersionEntry,
+  segment: SegmentDefinition,
+  releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo,
+  skipReleaseValidation: boolean
+): Promise<boolean> {
+  if (!CHANNELS.includes(releaseInfo.channel)) {
+    throw new Error(`Unsupported channel "${releaseInfo.channel}"`)
+  }
+
+  const feedUrls = buildFeedUrls(segment, releaseInfo)
+
+  if (skipReleaseValidation) {
+    console.warn(
+      `[update-app-upgrade-config] Skipping release availability validation for ${releaseInfo.version} (${releaseInfo.channel}).`
+    )
+  } else {
+    const availability = await ensureReleaseAvailability(releaseInfo)
+    if (!availability.github) {
+      return false
+    }
+    if (releaseInfo.channel === 'latest' && !availability.gitcode) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[update-app-upgrade-config] gitcode release page not ready for ${releaseInfo.tag}. Falling back to ${GITCODE_LATEST_FALLBACK}.`
+      )
+      feedUrls.gitcode = GITCODE_LATEST_FALLBACK
+    }
+  }
+
+  entry.channels[releaseInfo.channel] = {
+    version: releaseInfo.version,
+    feedUrls
+  }
+
+  return true
+}
+
+function buildFeedUrls(segment: SegmentDefinition, releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo): Record<UpdateMirror, string> {
+  return MIRRORS.reduce(
+    (acc, mirror) => {
+      const template = resolveFeedTemplate(segment, releaseInfo, mirror)
+      acc[mirror] = applyTemplate(template, releaseInfo)
+      return acc
+    },
+    {} as Record<UpdateMirror, string>
+  )
+}
+
+function resolveFeedTemplate(segment: SegmentDefinition, releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo, mirror: UpdateMirror): string {
+  if (mirror === 'gitcode' && releaseInfo.channel !== 'latest') {
+    return segment.channelTemplates?.[releaseInfo.channel]?.feedTemplates?.github ?? DEFAULT_FEED_TEMPLATES.github
+  }
+
+  return segment.channelTemplates?.[releaseInfo.channel]?.feedTemplates?.[mirror] ?? DEFAULT_FEED_TEMPLATES[mirror]
+}
+
+function applyTemplate(template: string, releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo): string {
+  return template.replace(/{{\s*tag\s*}}/gi, releaseInfo.tag).replace(/{{\s*version\s*}}/gi, releaseInfo.version)
+}
+
+function sortVersionMap(versions: Record<string, VersionEntry>): Record<string, VersionEntry> {
+  const sorted = Object.entries(versions).sort(([a], [b]) => semver.rcompare(a, b))
+  return sorted.reduce(
+    (acc, [version, entry]) => {
+      acc[version] = entry
+      return acc
+    },
+    {} as Record<string, VersionEntry>
+  )
+}
+
+interface ReleaseAvailability {
+  github: boolean
+  gitcode: boolean
+}
+
+async function ensureReleaseAvailability(releaseInfo: ReleaseInfo): Promise<ReleaseAvailability> {
+  const mirrorsToCheck: UpdateMirror[] = releaseInfo.channel === 'latest' ? MIRRORS : ['github']
+  const availability: ReleaseAvailability = {
+    github: false,
+    gitcode: releaseInfo.channel === 'latest' ? false : true
+  }
+
+  for (const mirror of mirrorsToCheck) {
+    const url = getReleasePageUrl(mirror, releaseInfo.tag)
+    try {
+      const response = await fetch(url, {
+        method: mirror === 'github' ? 'HEAD' : 'GET',
+        redirect: 'follow'
+      })
+
+      if (response.ok) {
+        availability[mirror] = true
+      } else {
+        console.warn(
+          `[update-app-upgrade-config] ${mirror} release not available for ${releaseInfo.tag} (status ${response.status}, ${url}).`
+        )
+        availability[mirror] = false
+      }
+    } catch (error) {
+      console.warn(
+        `[update-app-upgrade-config] Failed to verify ${mirror} release page for ${releaseInfo.tag} (${url}). Continuing.`,
+        error
+      )
+      availability[mirror] = false
+    }
+  }
+
+  return availability
+}
+
+function getReleasePageUrl(mirror: UpdateMirror, tag: string): string {
+  if (mirror === 'github') {
+    return `https://github.com/${GITHUB_REPO}/releases/tag/${encodeURIComponent(tag)}`
+  }
+  // Use latest.yml download URL for GitCode to check if release exists
+  // Note: GitCode returns 401 for HEAD requests, so we use GET in ensureReleaseAvailability
+  return `https://gitcode.com/${GITCODE_REPO}/releases/download/${encodeURIComponent(tag)}/latest.yml`
+}
+
+main().catch((error) => {
+  console.error('❌ Failed to update app-upgrade-config:', error)
+  process.exit(1)
+})

src/main/apiServer/routes/models.ts

@@ -104,12 +104,6 @@ const router = express
         logger.warn('No models available from providers', { filter })
       }
 
-      logger.info('Models response ready', {
-        filter,
-        total: response.total,
-        modelIds: response.data.map((m) => m.id)
-      })
-
       return res.json(response satisfies ApiModelsResponse)
     } catch (error: any) {
       logger.error('Error fetching models', { error })

src/main/apiServer/server.ts

@@ -3,7 +3,6 @@ import { createServer } from 'node:http'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { IpcChannel } from '@shared/IpcChannel'
 
-import { agentService } from '../services/agents'
 import { windowService } from '../services/WindowService'
 import { app } from './app'
 import { config } from './config'
@@ -32,11 +31,6 @@ export class ApiServer {
     // Load config
     const { port, host } = await config.load()
 
-    // Initialize AgentService
-    logger.info('Initializing AgentService')
-    await agentService.initialize()
-    logger.info('AgentService initialized')
-
     // Create server with Express app
     this.server = createServer(app)
     this.applyServerTimeouts(this.server)

src/main/apiServer/services/models.ts

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ export class ModelsService {
 
       for (const model of models) {
         const provider = providers.find((p) => p.id === model.provider)
-        logger.debug(`Processing model ${model.id}`)
+        // logger.debug(`Processing model ${model.id}`)
         if (!provider) {
           logger.debug(`Skipping model ${model.id} . Reason: Provider not found.`)
           continue

src/main/index.ts

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ import '@main/config'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { electronApp, optimizer } from '@electron-toolkit/utils'
 import { replaceDevtoolsFont } from '@main/utils/windowUtil'
-import { app } from 'electron'
+import { app, crashReporter } from 'electron'
 import installExtension, { REACT_DEVELOPER_TOOLS, REDUX_DEVTOOLS } from 'electron-devtools-installer'
 import { isDev, isLinux, isWin } from './constant'
 
@@ -34,9 +34,18 @@ import { TrayService } from './services/TrayService'
 import { versionService } from './services/VersionService'
 import { windowService } from './services/WindowService'
 import { initWebviewHotkeys } from './services/WebviewService'
+import { runAsyncFunction } from './utils'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('MainEntry')
 
+// enable local crash reports
+crashReporter.start({
+  companyName: 'CherryHQ',
+  productName: 'CherryStudio',
+  submitURL: '',
+  uploadToServer: false
+})
+
 /**
  * Disable hardware acceleration if setting is enabled
  */
@@ -162,39 +171,33 @@ if (!app.requestSingleInstanceLock()) {
     //start selection assistant service
     initSelectionService()
 
-    // Initialize Agent Service
-    try {
-      await agentService.initialize()
-      logger.info('Agent service initialized successfully')
-    } catch (error: any) {
-      logger.error('Failed to initialize Agent service:', error)
-    }
+    runAsyncFunction(async () => {
+      // Start API server if enabled or if agents exist
+      try {
+        const config = await apiServerService.getCurrentConfig()
+        logger.info('API server config:', config)
 
-    // Start API server if enabled or if agents exist
-    try {
-      const config = await apiServerService.getCurrentConfig()
-      logger.info('API server config:', config)
-
-      // Check if there are any agents
-      let shouldStart = config.enabled
-      if (!shouldStart) {
-        try {
-          const { total } = await agentService.listAgents({ limit: 1 })
-          if (total > 0) {
-            shouldStart = true
-            logger.info(`Detected ${total} agent(s), auto-starting API server`)
+        // Check if there are any agents
+        let shouldStart = config.enabled
+        if (!shouldStart) {
+          try {
+            const { total } = await agentService.listAgents({ limit: 1 })
+            if (total > 0) {
+              shouldStart = true
+              logger.info(`Detected ${total} agent(s), auto-starting API server`)
+            }
+          } catch (error: any) {
+            logger.warn('Failed to check agent count:', error)
           }
-        } catch (error: any) {
-          logger.warn('Failed to check agent count:', error)
         }
-      }
 
-      if (shouldStart) {
-        await apiServerService.start()
+        if (shouldStart) {
+          await apiServerService.start()
+        }
+      } catch (error: any) {
+        logger.error('Failed to check/start API server:', error)
       }
-    } catch (error: any) {
-      logger.error('Failed to check/start API server:', error)
-    }
+    })
   })
 
   registerProtocolClient(app)

src/main/ipc.ts

@@ -493,6 +493,44 @@ export function registerIpc(mainWindow: BrowserWindow, app: Electron.App) {
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.System_GetDeviceType, () => (isMac ? 'mac' : isWin ? 'windows' : 'linux'))
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.System_GetHostname, () => require('os').hostname())
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.System_GetCpuName, () => require('os').cpus()[0].model)
+  ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.System_CheckGitBash, () => {
+    if (!isWin) {
+      return true // Non-Windows systems don't need Git Bash
+    }
+
+    try {
+      // Check common Git Bash installation paths
+      const commonPaths = [
+        path.join(process.env.ProgramFiles || 'C:\\Program Files', 'Git', 'bin', 'bash.exe'),
+        path.join(process.env['ProgramFiles(x86)'] || 'C:\\Program Files (x86)', 'Git', 'bin', 'bash.exe'),
+        path.join(process.env.LOCALAPPDATA || '', 'Programs', 'Git', 'bin', 'bash.exe')
+      ]
+
+      // Check if any of the common paths exist
+      for (const bashPath of commonPaths) {
+        if (fs.existsSync(bashPath)) {
+          logger.debug('Git Bash found', { path: bashPath })
+          return true
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Check if git is in PATH
+      const { execSync } = require('child_process')
+      try {
+        execSync('git --version', { stdio: 'ignore' })
+        logger.debug('Git found in PATH')
+        return true
+      } catch {
+        // Git not in PATH
+      }
+
+      logger.debug('Git Bash not found on Windows system')
+      return false
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Error checking Git Bash', error as Error)
+      return false
+    }
+  })
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.System_ToggleDevTools, (e) => {
     const win = BrowserWindow.fromWebContents(e.sender)
     win && win.webContents.toggleDevTools()
@@ -1038,4 +1076,8 @@ export function registerIpc(mainWindow: BrowserWindow, app: Electron.App) {
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.WebSocket_Status, WebSocketService.getStatus)
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.WebSocket_SendFile, WebSocketService.sendFile)
   ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.WebSocket_GetAllCandidates, WebSocketService.getAllCandidates)
+
+  ipcMain.handle(IpcChannel.APP_CrashRenderProcess, () => {
+    mainWindow.webContents.forcefullyCrashRenderer()
+  })
 }

src/main/knowledge/preprocess/MineruPreprocessProvider.ts

@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ type ApiResponse<T> = {
 type BatchUploadResponse = {
   batch_id: string
   file_urls: string[]
+  headers?: Record<string, string>[]
 }
 
 type ExtractProgress = {
@@ -55,7 +56,7 @@ type QuotaResponse = {
 export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
   constructor(provider: PreprocessProvider, userId?: string) {
     super(provider, userId)
-    // todo：免费期结束后删除
+    // TODO: remove after free period ends
     this.provider.apiKey = this.provider.apiKey || import.meta.env.MAIN_VITE_MINERU_API_KEY
   }
 
@@ -68,21 +69,21 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
       logger.info(`MinerU preprocess processing started: ${filePath}`)
       await this.validateFile(filePath)
 
-      // 1. 获取上传URL并上传文件
+      // 1. Get upload URL and upload file
       const batchId = await this.uploadFile(file)
       logger.info(`MinerU file upload completed: batch_id=${batchId}`)
 
-      // 2. 等待处理完成并获取结果
+      // 2. Wait for completion and fetch results
       const extractResult = await this.waitForCompletion(sourceId, batchId, file.origin_name)
       logger.info(`MinerU processing completed for batch: ${batchId}`)
 
-      // 3. 下载并解压文件
+      // 3. Download and extract output
       const { path: outputPath } = await this.downloadAndExtractFile(extractResult.full_zip_url!, file)
 
       // 4. check quota
       const quota = await this.checkQuota()
 
-      // 5. 创建处理后的文件信息
+      // 5. Create processed file metadata
       return {
         processedFile: this.createProcessedFileInfo(file, outputPath),
         quota
@@ -115,23 +116,48 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
   }
 
   private async validateFile(filePath: string): Promise<void> {
+    // Phase 1: check file size (without loading into memory)
+    logger.info(`Validating PDF file: ${filePath}`)
+    const stats = await fs.promises.stat(filePath)
+    const fileSizeBytes = stats.size
+
+    // Ensure file size is under 200MB
+    if (fileSizeBytes >= 200 * 1024 * 1024) {
+      const fileSizeMB = Math.round(fileSizeBytes / (1024 * 1024))
+      throw new Error(`PDF file size (${fileSizeMB}MB) exceeds the limit of 200MB`)
+    }
+
+    // Phase 2: check page count (requires reading file with error handling)
     const pdfBuffer = await fs.promises.readFile(filePath)
 
-    const doc = await this.readPdf(pdfBuffer)
+    try {
+      const doc = await this.readPdf(pdfBuffer)
 
-    // 文件页数小于600页
-    if (doc.numPages >= 600) {
-      throw new Error(`PDF page count (${doc.numPages}) exceeds the limit of 600 pages`)
-    }
-    // 文件大小小于200MB
-    if (pdfBuffer.length >= 200 * 1024 * 1024) {
-      const fileSizeMB = Math.round(pdfBuffer.length / (1024 * 1024))
-      throw new Error(`PDF file size (${fileSizeMB}MB) exceeds the limit of 200MB`)
+      // Ensure page count is under 600 pages
+      if (doc.numPages >= 600) {
+        throw new Error(`PDF page count (${doc.numPages}) exceeds the limit of 600 pages`)
+      }
+
+      logger.info(`PDF validation passed: ${doc.numPages} pages, ${Math.round(fileSizeBytes / (1024 * 1024))}MB`)
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      // If the page limit is exceeded, rethrow immediately
+      if (error.message.includes('exceeds the limit')) {
+        throw error
+      }
+
+      // If PDF parsing fails, log a detailed warning but continue processing
+      logger.warn(
+        `Failed to parse PDF structure (file may be corrupted or use non-standard format). ` +
+          `Skipping page count validation. Will attempt to process with MinerU API. ` +
+          `Error details: ${error.message}. ` +
+          `Suggestion: If processing fails, try repairing the PDF using tools like Adobe Acrobat or online PDF repair services.`
+      )
+      // Do not throw; continue processing
     }
   }
 
   private createProcessedFileInfo(file: FileMetadata, outputPath: string): FileMetadata {
-    // 查找解压后的主要文件
+    // Locate the main extracted file
     let finalPath = ''
     let finalName = file.origin_name.replace('.pdf', '.md')
 
@@ -143,14 +169,14 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
         const originalMdPath = path.join(outputPath, mdFile)
         const newMdPath = path.join(outputPath, finalName)
 
-        // 重命名文件为原始文件名
+        // Rename the file to match the original name
         try {
           fs.renameSync(originalMdPath, newMdPath)
           finalPath = newMdPath
           logger.info(`Renamed markdown file from ${mdFile} to ${finalName}`)
         } catch (renameError) {
           logger.warn(`Failed to rename file ${mdFile} to ${finalName}: ${renameError}`)
-          // 如果重命名失败，使用原文件
+          // If renaming fails, fall back to the original file
           finalPath = originalMdPath
           finalName = mdFile
         }
@@ -178,7 +204,7 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
     logger.info(`Downloading MinerU result to: ${zipPath}`)
 
     try {
-      // 下载ZIP文件
+      // Download the ZIP file
       const response = await net.fetch(zipUrl, { method: 'GET' })
       if (!response.ok) {
         throw new Error(`HTTP ${response.status}: ${response.statusText}`)
@@ -187,17 +213,17 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
       fs.writeFileSync(zipPath, Buffer.from(arrayBuffer))
       logger.info(`Downloaded ZIP file: ${zipPath}`)
 
-      // 确保提取目录存在
+      // Ensure the extraction directory exists
       if (!fs.existsSync(extractPath)) {
         fs.mkdirSync(extractPath, { recursive: true })
       }
 
-      // 解压文件
+      // Extract the ZIP contents
       const zip = new AdmZip(zipPath)
       zip.extractAllTo(extractPath, true)
       logger.info(`Extracted files to: ${extractPath}`)
 
-      // 删除临时ZIP文件
+      // Remove the temporary ZIP file
       fs.unlinkSync(zipPath)
 
       return { path: extractPath }
@@ -209,11 +235,11 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
 
   private async uploadFile(file: FileMetadata): Promise<string> {
     try {
-      // 步骤1: 获取上传URL
-      const { batchId, fileUrls } = await this.getBatchUploadUrls(file)
-      // 步骤2: 上传文件到获取的URL
+      // Step 1: obtain the upload URL
+      const { batchId, fileUrls, uploadHeaders } = await this.getBatchUploadUrls(file)
+      // Step 2: upload the file to the obtained URL
       const filePath = fileStorage.getFilePathById(file)
-      await this.putFileToUrl(filePath, fileUrls[0])
+      await this.putFileToUrl(filePath, fileUrls[0], file.origin_name, uploadHeaders?.[0])
       logger.info(`File uploaded successfully: ${filePath}`, { batchId, fileUrls })
 
       return batchId
@@ -223,7 +249,9 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
     }
   }
 
-  private async getBatchUploadUrls(file: FileMetadata): Promise<{ batchId: string; fileUrls: string[] }> {
+  private async getBatchUploadUrls(
+    file: FileMetadata
+  ): Promise<{ batchId: string; fileUrls: string[]; uploadHeaders?: Record<string, string>[] }> {
     const endpoint = `${this.provider.apiHost}/api/v4/file-urls/batch`
 
     const payload = {
@@ -254,10 +282,11 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
       if (response.ok) {
         const data: ApiResponse<BatchUploadResponse> = await response.json()
         if (data.code === 0 && data.data) {
-          const { batch_id, file_urls } = data.data
+          const { batch_id, file_urls, headers: uploadHeaders } = data.data
           return {
             batchId: batch_id,
-            fileUrls: file_urls
+            fileUrls: file_urls,
+            uploadHeaders
           }
         } else {
           throw new Error(`API returned error: ${data.msg || JSON.stringify(data)}`)
@@ -271,18 +300,28 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
     }
   }
 
-  private async putFileToUrl(filePath: string, uploadUrl: string): Promise<void> {
+  private async putFileToUrl(
+    filePath: string,
+    uploadUrl: string,
+    fileName?: string,
+    headers?: Record<string, string>
+  ): Promise<void> {
     try {
       const fileBuffer = await fs.promises.readFile(filePath)
+      const fileSize = fileBuffer.byteLength
+      const displayName = fileName ?? path.basename(filePath)
+
+      logger.info(`Uploading file to MinerU OSS: ${displayName} (${fileSize} bytes)`)
 
       // https://mineru.net/apiManage/docs
       const response = await net.fetch(uploadUrl, {
         method: 'PUT',
-        body: fileBuffer
+        headers,
+        body: new Uint8Array(fileBuffer)
       })
 
       if (!response.ok) {
-        // 克隆 response 以避免消费 body stream
+        // Clone the response to avoid consuming the body stream
         const responseClone = response.clone()
 
         try {
@@ -353,20 +392,20 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
       try {
         const result = await this.getExtractResults(batchId)
 
-        // 查找对应文件的处理结果
+        // Find the corresponding file result
         const fileResult = result.extract_result.find((item) => item.file_name === fileName)
         if (!fileResult) {
           throw new Error(`File ${fileName} not found in batch results`)
         }
 
-        // 检查处理状态
+        // Check the processing state
         if (fileResult.state === 'done' && fileResult.full_zip_url) {
           logger.info(`Processing completed for file: ${fileName}`)
           return fileResult
         } else if (fileResult.state === 'failed') {
           throw new Error(`Processing failed for file: ${fileName}, error: ${fileResult.err_msg}`)
         } else if (fileResult.state === 'running') {
-          // 发送进度更新
+          // Send progress updates
           if (fileResult.extract_progress) {
             const progress = Math.round(
               (fileResult.extract_progress.extracted_pages / fileResult.extract_progress.total_pages) * 100
@@ -374,7 +413,7 @@ export default class MineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider {
             await this.sendPreprocessProgress(sourceId, progress)
             logger.info(`File ${fileName} processing progress: ${progress}%`)
           } else {
-            // 如果没有具体进度信息，发送一个通用进度
+            // If no detailed progress information is available, send a generic update
             await this.sendPreprocessProgress(sourceId, 50)
             logger.info(`File ${fileName} is still processing...`)
           }

src/main/knowledge/preprocess/OpenMineruPreprocessProvider.ts

@@ -53,18 +53,43 @@ export default class OpenMineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider
   }
 
   private async validateFile(filePath: string): Promise<void> {
+    // 第一阶段:检查文件大小(无需读取文件到内存)
+    logger.info(`Validating PDF file: ${filePath}`)
+    const stats = await fs.promises.stat(filePath)
+    const fileSizeBytes = stats.size
+
+    // File size must be less than 200MB
+    if (fileSizeBytes >= 200 * 1024 * 1024) {
+      const fileSizeMB = Math.round(fileSizeBytes / (1024 * 1024))
+      throw new Error(`PDF file size (${fileSizeMB}MB) exceeds the limit of 200MB`)
+    }
+
+    // 第二阶段:检查页数(需要读取文件,带错误处理)
     const pdfBuffer = await fs.promises.readFile(filePath)
 
-    const doc = await this.readPdf(pdfBuffer)
+    try {
+      const doc = await this.readPdf(pdfBuffer)
 
-    // File page count must be less than 600 pages
-    if (doc.numPages >= 600) {
-      throw new Error(`PDF page count (${doc.numPages}) exceeds the limit of 600 pages`)
-    }
-    // File size must be less than 200MB
-    if (pdfBuffer.length >= 200 * 1024 * 1024) {
-      const fileSizeMB = Math.round(pdfBuffer.length / (1024 * 1024))
-      throw new Error(`PDF file size (${fileSizeMB}MB) exceeds the limit of 200MB`)
+      // File page count must be less than 600 pages
+      if (doc.numPages >= 600) {
+        throw new Error(`PDF page count (${doc.numPages}) exceeds the limit of 600 pages`)
+      }
+
+      logger.info(`PDF validation passed: ${doc.numPages} pages, ${Math.round(fileSizeBytes / (1024 * 1024))}MB`)
+    } catch (error: any) {
+      // 如果是页数超限错误,直接抛出
+      if (error.message.includes('exceeds the limit')) {
+        throw error
+      }
+
+      // PDF 解析失败,记录详细警告但允许继续处理
+      logger.warn(
+        `Failed to parse PDF structure (file may be corrupted or use non-standard format). ` +
+          `Skipping page count validation. Will attempt to process with MinerU API. ` +
+          `Error details: ${error.message}. ` +
+          `Suggestion: If processing fails, try repairing the PDF using tools like Adobe Acrobat or online PDF repair services.`
+      )
+      // 不抛出错误,允许继续处理
     }
   }
 
@@ -72,8 +97,8 @@ export default class OpenMineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider
     // Find the main file after extraction
     let finalPath = ''
     let finalName = file.origin_name.replace('.pdf', '.md')
-    // Find the corresponding folder by file name
-    outputPath = path.join(outputPath, `${file.origin_name.replace('.pdf', '')}`)
+    // Find the corresponding folder by file id
+    outputPath = path.join(outputPath, file.id)
     try {
       const files = fs.readdirSync(outputPath)
 
@@ -125,7 +150,7 @@ export default class OpenMineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider
     formData.append('return_md', 'true')
     formData.append('response_format_zip', 'true')
     formData.append('files', fileBuffer, {
-      filename: file.origin_name
+      filename: file.name
     })
 
     while (retries < maxRetries) {
@@ -139,7 +164,7 @@ export default class OpenMineruPreprocessProvider extends BasePreprocessProvider
             ...(this.provider.apiKey ? { Authorization: `Bearer ${this.provider.apiKey}` } : {}),
             ...formData.getHeaders()
           },
-          body: formData.getBuffer()
+          body: new Uint8Array(formData.getBuffer())
         })
 
         if (!response.ok) {

src/main/mcpServers/factory.ts

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import DiDiMcpServer from './didi-mcp'
 import DifyKnowledgeServer from './dify-knowledge'
 import FetchServer from './fetch'
 import FileSystemServer from './filesystem'
+import MCPUIDemoServer from './mcp-ui-demo'
 import MemoryServer from './memory'
 import PythonServer from './python'
 import ThinkingServer from './sequentialthinking'
@@ -48,6 +49,9 @@ export function createInMemoryMCPServer(
       const apiKey = envs.DIDI_API_KEY
       return new DiDiMcpServer(apiKey).server
     }
+    case BuiltinMCPServerNames.mcpUIDemo: {
+      return new MCPUIDemoServer().server
+    }
     default:
       throw new Error(`Unknown in-memory MCP server: ${name}`)
   }

src/main/mcpServers/mcp-ui-demo.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,433 @@
+import { Server } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/server/index.js'
+import { CallToolRequestSchema, ListToolsRequestSchema } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js'
+
+const server = new Server(
+  {
+    name: 'mcp-ui-demo',
+    version: '1.0.0'
+  },
+  {
+    capabilities: {
+      tools: {}
+    }
+  }
+)
+
+// HTML templates for different UIs
+const getHelloWorldUI = () =>
+  `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
+      padding: 20px;
+      background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+      color: white;
+      min-height: 200px;
+      display: flex;
+      align-items: center;
+      justify-content: center;
+      margin: 0;
+    }
+    .container {
+      text-align: center;
+    }
+    h1 {
+      font-size: 2.5em;
+      margin-bottom: 10px;
+      text-shadow: 2px 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.3);
+    }
+    p {
+      font-size: 1.2em;
+      opacity: 0.9;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div class="container">
+    <h1>🎉 Hello from MCP UI!</h1>
+    <p>This is a simple MCP UI Resource rendered in Cherry Studio</p>
+  </div>
+</body>
+</html>
+`.trim()
+
+const getInteractiveUI = () =>
+  `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
+      padding: 20px;
+      background: #f5f5f5;
+      margin: 0;
+    }
+    .container {
+      max-width: 600px;
+      margin: 0 auto;
+      background: white;
+      padding: 30px;
+      border-radius: 12px;
+      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+    }
+    h2 {
+      color: #333;
+      margin-bottom: 20px;
+    }
+    button {
+      background: #667eea;
+      color: white;
+      border: none;
+      padding: 12px 24px;
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      cursor: pointer;
+      font-size: 16px;
+      margin: 5px;
+      transition: background 0.2s;
+    }
+    button:hover {
+      background: #5568d3;
+    }
+    #output {
+      margin-top: 20px;
+      padding: 15px;
+      background: #f8f9fa;
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      border: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
+      min-height: 50px;
+    }
+    .info {
+      color: #666;
+      font-size: 14px;
+      margin-top: 15px;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div class="container">
+    <h2>Interactive MCP UI Demo</h2>
+    <p>Click the buttons to interact with MCP tools:</p>
+
+    <button onclick="callEchoTool()">Call Echo Tool</button>
+    <button onclick="getTimestamp()">Get Timestamp</button>
+    <button onclick="openLink()">Open External Link</button>
+
+    <div id="output"></div>
+
+    <div class="info">
+      This UI can communicate with the host application through postMessage API.
+    </div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script>
+    function callEchoTool() {
+      const output = document.getElementById('output');
+      output.innerHTML = '<p style="color: #0066cc;">Calling echo tool...</p>';
+
+      window.parent.postMessage({
+        type: 'tool',
+        payload: {
+          toolName: 'demo_echo',
+          params: {
+            message: 'Hello from MCP UI! Time: ' + new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
+          }
+        }
+      }, '*');
+    }
+
+    function getTimestamp() {
+      const output = document.getElementById('output');
+      const now = new Date();
+      output.innerHTML = \`
+        <p style="color: #00aa00;">
+          <strong>Current Timestamp:</strong><br/>
+          \${now.toLocaleString()}<br/>
+          Unix: \${Math.floor(now.getTime() / 1000)}
+        </p>
+      \`;
+    }
+
+    function openLink() {
+      window.parent.postMessage({
+        type: 'link',
+        payload: {
+          url: 'https://github.com/idosal/mcp-ui'
+        }
+      }, '*');
+    }
+
+    // Listen for responses
+    window.addEventListener('message', (event) => {
+      if (event.data.type === 'ui-message-response') {
+        const output = document.getElementById('output');
+        const { response, error } = event.data.payload;
+
+        if (error) {
+          output.innerHTML = \`<p style="color: #cc0000;">Error: \${error}</p>\`;
+        } else {
+          output.innerHTML = \`<p style="color: #00aa00;">Response: \${JSON.stringify(response, null, 2)}</p>\`;
+        }
+      }
+    });
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
+`.trim()
+
+const getFormUI = () =>
+  `
+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+  <style>
+    body {
+      font-family: system-ui, -apple-system, sans-serif;
+      padding: 20px;
+      background: #f5f5f5;
+      margin: 0;
+    }
+    .container {
+      max-width: 500px;
+      margin: 0 auto;
+      background: white;
+      padding: 30px;
+      border-radius: 12px;
+      box-shadow: 0 2px 10px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+    }
+    h2 {
+      color: #333;
+      margin-bottom: 20px;
+    }
+    .form-group {
+      margin-bottom: 15px;
+    }
+    label {
+      display: block;
+      margin-bottom: 5px;
+      color: #555;
+      font-weight: 500;
+    }
+    input, textarea {
+      width: 100%;
+      padding: 10px;
+      border: 1px solid #ddd;
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      font-size: 14px;
+      box-sizing: border-box;
+    }
+    textarea {
+      min-height: 100px;
+      resize: vertical;
+    }
+    button {
+      background: #667eea;
+      color: white;
+      border: none;
+      padding: 12px 24px;
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      cursor: pointer;
+      font-size: 16px;
+      width: 100%;
+      margin-top: 10px;
+    }
+    button:hover {
+      background: #5568d3;
+    }
+    #result {
+      margin-top: 20px;
+      padding: 15px;
+      background: #f8f9fa;
+      border-radius: 6px;
+      display: none;
+    }
+  </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+  <div class="container">
+    <h2>📝 Form UI Demo</h2>
+    <form id="demoForm" onsubmit="handleSubmit(event)">
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label for="name">Name:</label>
+        <input type="text" id="name" name="name" required placeholder="Enter your name">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label for="email">Email:</label>
+        <input type="email" id="email" name="email" required placeholder="your@email.com">
+      </div>
+
+      <div class="form-group">
+        <label for="message">Message:</label>
+        <textarea id="message" name="message" required placeholder="Enter your message here..."></textarea>
+      </div>
+
+      <button type="submit">Submit Form</button>
+    </form>
+
+    <div id="result"></div>
+  </div>
+
+  <script>
+    function handleSubmit(event) {
+      event.preventDefault();
+
+      const formData = new FormData(event.target);
+      const data = Object.fromEntries(formData.entries());
+
+      const result = document.getElementById('result');
+      result.style.display = 'block';
+      result.innerHTML = '<p style="color: #0066cc;">Submitting form...</p>';
+
+      // Send form data to host
+      window.parent.postMessage({
+        type: 'notify',
+        payload: {
+          message: 'Form submitted with data: ' + JSON.stringify(data)
+        }
+      }, '*');
+
+      // Display result
+      result.innerHTML = \`
+        <p style="color: #00aa00;"><strong>Form Submitted!</strong></p>
+        <pre style="background: white; padding: 10px; border-radius: 4px; overflow-x: auto;">\${JSON.stringify(data, null, 2)}</pre>
+      \`;
+    }
+  </script>
+</body>
+</html>
+`.trim()
+
+// List available tools
+server.setRequestHandler(ListToolsRequestSchema, async () => {
+  return {
+    tools: [
+      {
+        name: 'demo_echo',
+        description: 'Echo back the message sent from UI',
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: 'object',
+          properties: {
+            message: {
+              type: 'string',
+              description: 'Message to echo back'
+            }
+          },
+          required: ['message']
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'show_hello_ui',
+        description: 'Display a simple hello world UI with gradient background',
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: 'object',
+          properties: {}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'show_interactive_ui',
+        description:
+          'Display an interactive UI demo with buttons for calling tools, getting timestamps, and opening links',
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: 'object',
+          properties: {}
+        }
+      },
+      {
+        name: 'show_form_ui',
+        description: 'Display a form UI demo with input fields for name, email, and message',
+        inputSchema: {
+          type: 'object',
+          properties: {}
+        }
+      }
+    ]
+  }
+})
+
+// Handle tool calls
+server.setRequestHandler(CallToolRequestSchema, async (request) => {
+  const { name, arguments: args } = request.params
+
+  if (name === 'demo_echo') {
+    return {
+      content: [
+        {
+          type: 'text',
+          text: JSON.stringify({
+            echo: args?.message || 'No message provided',
+            timestamp: new Date().toISOString()
+          })
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (name === 'show_hello_ui') {
+    return {
+      content: [
+        {
+          type: 'text',
+          text: JSON.stringify({
+            type: 'resource',
+            resource: {
+              uri: 'ui://demo/hello',
+              mimeType: 'text/html',
+              text: getHelloWorldUI()
+            }
+          })
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (name === 'show_interactive_ui') {
+    return {
+      content: [
+        {
+          type: 'text',
+          text: JSON.stringify({
+            type: 'resource',
+            resource: {
+              uri: 'ui://demo/interactive',
+              mimeType: 'text/html',
+              text: getInteractiveUI()
+            }
+          })
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+
+  if (name === 'show_form_ui') {
+    return {
+      content: [
+        {
+          type: 'text',
+          text: JSON.stringify({
+            type: 'resource',
+            resource: {
+              uri: 'ui://demo/form',
+              mimeType: 'text/html',
+              text: getFormUI()
+            }
+          })
+        }
+      ]
+    }
+  }
+
+  throw new Error(`Unknown tool: ${name}`)
+})
+
+class MCPUIDemoServer {
+  public server: Server
+  constructor() {
+    this.server = server
+  }
+}
+
+export default MCPUIDemoServer

src/main/services/AppUpdater.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { isWin } from '@main/constant'
 import { getIpCountry } from '@main/utils/ipService'
 import { generateUserAgent } from '@main/utils/systemInfo'
-import { FeedUrl, UpgradeChannel } from '@shared/config/constant'
+import { FeedUrl, UpdateConfigUrl, UpdateMirror, UpgradeChannel } from '@shared/config/constant'
 import { IpcChannel } from '@shared/IpcChannel'
 import type { UpdateInfo } from 'builder-util-runtime'
 import { CancellationToken } from 'builder-util-runtime'
@@ -22,7 +22,29 @@ const LANG_MARKERS = {
   EN_START: '<!--LANG:en-->',
   ZH_CN_START: '<!--LANG:zh-CN-->',
   END: '<!--LANG:END-->'
-} as const
+}
+
+interface UpdateConfig {
+  lastUpdated: string
+  versions: {
+    [versionKey: string]: VersionConfig
+  }
+}
+
+interface VersionConfig {
+  minCompatibleVersion: string
+  description: string
+  channels: {
+    latest: ChannelConfig | null
+    rc: ChannelConfig | null
+    beta: ChannelConfig | null
+  }
+}
+
+interface ChannelConfig {
+  version: string
+  feedUrls: Record<UpdateMirror, string>
+}
 
 export default class AppUpdater {
   autoUpdater: _AppUpdater = autoUpdater
@@ -37,7 +59,9 @@ export default class AppUpdater {
     autoUpdater.requestHeaders = {
       ...autoUpdater.requestHeaders,
       'User-Agent': generateUserAgent(),
-      'X-Client-Id': configManager.getClientId()
+      'X-Client-Id': configManager.getClientId(),
+      // no-cache
+      'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
     }
 
     autoUpdater.on('error', (error) => {
@@ -75,61 +99,6 @@ export default class AppUpdater {
     this.autoUpdater = autoUpdater
   }
 
-  private async _getReleaseVersionFromGithub(channel: UpgradeChannel) {
-    const headers = {
-      Accept: 'application/vnd.github+json',
-      'X-GitHub-Api-Version': '2022-11-28',
-      'Accept-Language': 'en-US,en;q=0.9'
-    }
-    try {
-      logger.info(`get release version from github: ${channel}`)
-      const responses = await net.fetch('https://api.github.com/repos/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases?per_page=8', {
-        headers
-      })
-      const data = (await responses.json()) as GithubReleaseInfo[]
-      let mightHaveLatest = false
-      const release: GithubReleaseInfo | undefined = data.find((item: GithubReleaseInfo) => {
-        if (!item.draft && !item.prerelease) {
-          mightHaveLatest = true
-        }
-
-        return item.prerelease && item.tag_name.includes(`-${channel}.`)
-      })
-
-      if (!release) {
-        return null
-      }
-
-      // if the release version is the same as the current version, return null
-      if (release.tag_name === app.getVersion()) {
-        return null
-      }
-
-      if (mightHaveLatest) {
-        logger.info(`might have latest release, get latest release`)
-        const latestReleaseResponse = await net.fetch(
-          'https://api.github.com/repos/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/latest',
-          {
-            headers
-          }
-        )
-        const latestRelease = (await latestReleaseResponse.json()) as GithubReleaseInfo
-        if (semver.gt(latestRelease.tag_name, release.tag_name)) {
-          logger.info(
-            `latest release version is ${latestRelease.tag_name}, prerelease version is ${release.tag_name}, return null`
-          )
-          return null
-        }
-      }
-
-      logger.info(`release url is ${release.tag_name}, set channel to ${channel}`)
-      return `https://github.com/CherryHQ/cherry-studio/releases/download/${release.tag_name}`
-    } catch (error) {
-      logger.error('Failed to get latest not draft version from github:', error as Error)
-      return null
-    }
-  }
-
   public setAutoUpdate(isActive: boolean) {
     autoUpdater.autoDownload = isActive
     autoUpdater.autoInstallOnAppQuit = isActive
@@ -161,6 +130,88 @@ export default class AppUpdater {
     return UpgradeChannel.LATEST
   }
 
+  /**
+   * Fetch update configuration from GitHub or GitCode based on mirror
+   * @param mirror - Mirror to fetch config from
+   * @returns UpdateConfig object or null if fetch fails
+   */
+  private async _fetchUpdateConfig(mirror: UpdateMirror): Promise<UpdateConfig | null> {
+    const configUrl = mirror === UpdateMirror.GITCODE ? UpdateConfigUrl.GITCODE : UpdateConfigUrl.GITHUB
+
+    try {
+      logger.info(`Fetching update config from ${configUrl} (mirror: ${mirror})`)
+      const response = await net.fetch(configUrl, {
+        headers: {
+          'User-Agent': generateUserAgent(),
+          Accept: 'application/json',
+          'X-Client-Id': configManager.getClientId(),
+          // no-cache
+          'Cache-Control': 'no-cache'
+        }
+      })
+
+      if (!response.ok) {
+        throw new Error(`HTTP error! status: ${response.status}`)
+      }
+
+      const config = (await response.json()) as UpdateConfig
+      logger.info(`Update config fetched successfully, last updated: ${config.lastUpdated}`)
+      return config
+    } catch (error) {
+      logger.error('Failed to fetch update config:', error as Error)
+      return null
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Find compatible channel configuration based on current version
+   * @param currentVersion - Current app version
+   * @param requestedChannel - Requested upgrade channel (latest/rc/beta)
+   * @param config - Update configuration object
+   * @returns Object containing ChannelConfig and actual channel if found, null otherwise
+   */
+  private _findCompatibleChannel(
+    currentVersion: string,
+    requestedChannel: UpgradeChannel,
+    config: UpdateConfig
+  ): { config: ChannelConfig; channel: UpgradeChannel } | null {
+    // Get all version keys and sort descending (newest first)
+    const versionKeys = Object.keys(config.versions).sort(semver.rcompare)
+
+    logger.info(
+      `Finding compatible channel for version ${currentVersion}, requested channel: ${requestedChannel}, available versions: ${versionKeys.join(', ')}`
+    )
+
+    for (const versionKey of versionKeys) {
+      const versionConfig = config.versions[versionKey]
+      const channelConfig = versionConfig.channels[requestedChannel]
+      const latestChannelConfig = versionConfig.channels[UpgradeChannel.LATEST]
+
+      // Check version compatibility and channel availability
+      if (semver.gte(currentVersion, versionConfig.minCompatibleVersion) && channelConfig !== null) {
+        logger.info(
+          `Found compatible version: ${versionKey} (minCompatibleVersion: ${versionConfig.minCompatibleVersion}), version: ${channelConfig.version}`
+        )
+
+        if (
+          requestedChannel !== UpgradeChannel.LATEST &&
+          latestChannelConfig &&
+          semver.gte(latestChannelConfig.version, channelConfig.version)
+        ) {
+          logger.info(
+            `latest channel version is greater than the requested channel version: ${latestChannelConfig.version} > ${channelConfig.version}, using latest instead`
+          )
+          return { config: latestChannelConfig, channel: UpgradeChannel.LATEST }
+        }
+
+        return { config: channelConfig, channel: requestedChannel }
+      }
+    }
+
+    logger.warn(`No compatible channel found for version ${currentVersion} and channel ${requestedChannel}`)
+    return null
+  }
+
   private _setChannel(channel: UpgradeChannel, feedUrl: string) {
     this.autoUpdater.channel = channel
     this.autoUpdater.setFeedURL(feedUrl)
@@ -172,33 +223,42 @@ export default class AppUpdater {
   }
 
   private async _setFeedUrl() {
+    const currentVersion = app.getVersion()
     const testPlan = configManager.getTestPlan()
-    if (testPlan) {
-      const channel = this._getTestChannel()
+    const requestedChannel = testPlan ? this._getTestChannel() : UpgradeChannel.LATEST
 
-      if (channel === UpgradeChannel.LATEST) {
-        this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST)
-        return
-      }
-
-      const releaseUrl = await this._getReleaseVersionFromGithub(channel)
-      if (releaseUrl) {
-        logger.info(`release url is ${releaseUrl}, set channel to ${channel}`)
-        this._setChannel(channel, releaseUrl)
-        return
-      }
-
-      // if no prerelease url, use github latest to get release
-      this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST)
-      return
-    }
-
-    this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, FeedUrl.PRODUCTION)
+    // Determine mirror based on IP country
     const ipCountry = await getIpCountry()
-    logger.info(`ipCountry is ${ipCountry}, set channel to ${UpgradeChannel.LATEST}`)
-    if (ipCountry.toLowerCase() !== 'cn') {
-      this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST)
+    const mirror = ipCountry.toLowerCase() === 'cn' ? UpdateMirror.GITCODE : UpdateMirror.GITHUB
+
+    logger.info(
+      `Setting feed URL for version ${currentVersion}, testPlan: ${testPlan}, requested channel: ${requestedChannel}, mirror: ${mirror} (IP country: ${ipCountry})`
+    )
+
+    // Try to fetch update config from remote
+    const config = await this._fetchUpdateConfig(mirror)
+
+    if (config) {
+      // Use new config-based system
+      const result = this._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, requestedChannel, config)
+
+      if (result) {
+        const { config: channelConfig, channel: actualChannel } = result
+        const feedUrl = channelConfig.feedUrls[mirror]
+        logger.info(
+          `Using config-based feed URL: ${feedUrl} for channel ${actualChannel} (requested: ${requestedChannel}, mirror: ${mirror})`
+        )
+        this._setChannel(actualChannel, feedUrl)
+        return
+      }
     }
+
+    logger.info('Failed to fetch update config, falling back to default feed URL')
+    // Fallback: use default feed URL based on mirror
+    const defaultFeedUrl = mirror === UpdateMirror.GITCODE ? FeedUrl.PRODUCTION : FeedUrl.GITHUB_LATEST
+
+    logger.info(`Using fallback feed URL: ${defaultFeedUrl}`)
+    this._setChannel(UpgradeChannel.LATEST, defaultFeedUrl)
   }
 
   public cancelDownload() {
@@ -320,8 +380,3 @@ export default class AppUpdater {
     return processedInfo
   }
 }
-interface GithubReleaseInfo {
-  draft: boolean
-  prerelease: boolean
-  tag_name: string
-}

src/main/services/WindowService.ts

@@ -375,13 +375,16 @@ export class WindowService {
 
       mainWindow.hide()
 
-      // TODO: don't hide dock icon when close to tray
-      // will cause the cmd+h behavior not working
-      // after the electron fix the bug, we can restore this code
-      // //for mac users, should hide dock icon if close to tray
-      // if (isMac && isTrayOnClose) {
-      //   app.dock?.hide()
-      // }
+      //for mac users, should hide dock icon if close to tray
+      if (isMac && isTrayOnClose) {
+        app.dock?.hide()
+
+        mainWindow.once('show', () => {
+          //restore the window can hide by cmd+h when the window is shown again
+          // https://github.com/electron/electron/pull/47970
+          app.dock?.show()
+        })
+      }
     })
 
     mainWindow.on('closed', () => {

src/main/services/__tests__/AppUpdater.test.ts

@@ -85,6 +85,9 @@ vi.mock('electron-updater', () => ({
 }))
 
 // Import after mocks
+import { UpdateMirror } from '@shared/config/constant'
+import { app, net } from 'electron'
+
 import AppUpdater from '../AppUpdater'
 import { configManager } from '../ConfigManager'
 
@@ -274,4 +277,711 @@ describe('AppUpdater', () => {
       expect(result.releaseNotes).toBeNull()
     })
   })
+
+  describe('_fetchUpdateConfig', () => {
+    const mockConfig = {
+      lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+      versions: {
+        '1.6.7': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+          description: 'Test version',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '1.6.7',
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    it('should fetch config from GitHub mirror', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(net.fetch).mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        json: async () => mockConfig
+      } as any)
+
+      const result = await (appUpdater as any)._fetchUpdateConfig(UpdateMirror.GITHUB)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(mockConfig)
+      expect(net.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.stringContaining('github'), expect.any(Object))
+    })
+
+    it('should fetch config from GitCode mirror', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(net.fetch).mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: true,
+        json: async () => mockConfig
+      } as any)
+
+      const result = await (appUpdater as any)._fetchUpdateConfig(UpdateMirror.GITCODE)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual(mockConfig)
+      // GitCode URL may vary, just check that fetch was called
+      expect(net.fetch).toHaveBeenCalledWith(expect.any(String), expect.any(Object))
+    })
+
+    it('should return null on HTTP error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(net.fetch).mockResolvedValue({
+        ok: false,
+        status: 404
+      } as any)
+
+      const result = await (appUpdater as any)._fetchUpdateConfig(UpdateMirror.GITHUB)
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should return null on network error', async () => {
+      vi.mocked(net.fetch).mockRejectedValue(new Error('Network error'))
+
+      const result = await (appUpdater as any)._fetchUpdateConfig(UpdateMirror.GITHUB)
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('_findCompatibleChannel', () => {
+    const mockConfig = {
+      lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+      versions: {
+        '1.6.7': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+          description: 'v1.6.7',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '1.6.7',
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: {
+              version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+              }
+            },
+            beta: {
+              version: '1.7.0-beta.3',
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3',
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3'
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        '2.0.0': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.7.0',
+          description: 'v2.0.0',
+          channels: {
+            latest: null,
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    it('should find compatible latest channel', () => {
+      vi.mocked(app.getVersion).mockReturnValue('1.5.0')
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.5.0', 'latest', mockConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.6.7',
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+        }
+      })
+      expect(result?.channel).toBe('latest')
+    })
+
+    it('should find compatible rc channel', () => {
+      vi.mocked(app.getVersion).mockReturnValue('1.5.0')
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.5.0', 'rc', mockConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+        }
+      })
+      expect(result?.channel).toBe('rc')
+    })
+
+    it('should find compatible beta channel', () => {
+      vi.mocked(app.getVersion).mockReturnValue('1.5.0')
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.5.0', 'beta', mockConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0-beta.3',
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3',
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3'
+        }
+      })
+      expect(result?.channel).toBe('beta')
+    })
+
+    it('should return latest when latest version >= rc version', () => {
+      const configWithNewerLatest = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.7.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.7.0',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.7.0',
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: {
+                version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+                }
+              },
+              beta: null
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.0', 'rc', configWithNewerLatest)
+
+      // Should return latest instead of rc because 1.7.0 >= 1.7.0-rc.1
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0',
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+        }
+      })
+      expect(result?.channel).toBe('latest') // ✅ 返回 latest 频道
+    })
+
+    it('should return latest when latest version >= beta version', () => {
+      const configWithNewerLatest = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.7.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.7.0',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.7.0',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: null,
+              beta: {
+                version: '1.6.8-beta.1',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.8-beta.1',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.8-beta.1'
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.0', 'beta', configWithNewerLatest)
+
+      // Should return latest instead of beta because 1.7.0 >= 1.6.8-beta.1
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should not compare latest with itself when requesting latest channel', () => {
+      const config = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.7.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.7.0',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.7.0',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: {
+                version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+                }
+              },
+              beta: null
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.0', 'latest', config)
+
+      // Should return latest directly without comparing with itself
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return rc when rc version > latest version', () => {
+      const configWithNewerRc = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.7.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.7.0',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.6.7',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: {
+                version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+                }
+              },
+              beta: null
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.0', 'rc', configWithNewerRc)
+
+      // Should return rc because 1.7.0-rc.1 > 1.6.7
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return beta when beta version > latest version', () => {
+      const configWithNewerBeta = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.7.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.7.0',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.6.7',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: null,
+              beta: {
+                version: '1.7.0-beta.5',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.5',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.5'
+                }
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.0', 'beta', configWithNewerBeta)
+
+      // Should return beta because 1.7.0-beta.5 > 1.6.7
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0-beta.5',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.5',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.5'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return lower version when higher version has no compatible channel', () => {
+      vi.mocked(app.getVersion).mockReturnValue('1.8.0')
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.8.0', 'latest', mockConfig)
+
+      // 1.8.0 >= 1.7.0 but 2.0.0 has no latest channel, so return 1.6.7
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.6.7',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return null when current version does not meet minCompatibleVersion', () => {
+      vi.mocked(app.getVersion).mockReturnValue('0.9.0')
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('0.9.0', 'latest', mockConfig)
+
+      // 0.9.0 < 1.0.0 (minCompatibleVersion)
+      expect(result).toBeNull()
+    })
+
+    it('should return lower version rc when higher version has no rc channel', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.8.0', 'rc', mockConfig)
+
+      // 1.8.0 >= 1.7.0 but 2.0.0 has no rc channel, so return 1.6.7 rc
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return null when no version has the requested channel', () => {
+      const configWithoutRc = {
+        lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+        versions: {
+          '1.6.7': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+            description: 'v1.6.7',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '1.6.7',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: null,
+              beta: null
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.5.0', 'rc', configWithoutRc)
+
+      expect(result).toBeNull()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Upgrade Path', () => {
+    const fullConfig = {
+      lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+      versions: {
+        '1.6.7': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+          description: 'Last v1.x',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '1.6.7',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: {
+              version: '1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-rc.1'
+              }
+            },
+            beta: {
+              version: '1.7.0-beta.3',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.0-beta.3'
+              }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        '2.0.0': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.7.0',
+          description: 'First v2.x',
+          channels: {
+            latest: null,
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    it('should upgrade from 1.6.3 to 1.6.7', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.3', 'latest', fullConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.6.7',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should block upgrade from 1.6.7 to 2.0.0 (minCompatibleVersion not met)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.7', 'latest', fullConfig)
+
+      // Should return 1.6.7, not 2.0.0, because 1.6.7 < 1.7.0 (minCompatibleVersion of 2.0.0)
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.6.7',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.6.7',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.6.7'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should allow upgrade from 1.7.0 to 2.0.0', () => {
+      const configWith2x = {
+        ...fullConfig,
+        versions: {
+          ...fullConfig.versions,
+          '2.0.0': {
+            minCompatibleVersion: '1.7.0',
+            description: 'First v2.x',
+            channels: {
+              latest: {
+                version: '2.0.0',
+
+                feedUrls: {
+                  github: 'https://github.com/test/v2.0.0',
+
+                  gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v2.0.0'
+                }
+              },
+              rc: null,
+              beta: null
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      }
+
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.7.0', 'latest', configWith2x)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '2.0.0',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v2.0.0',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v2.0.0'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('Complete Multi-Step Upgrade Path', () => {
+    const fullUpgradeConfig = {
+      lastUpdated: '2025-01-05T00:00:00Z',
+      versions: {
+        '1.7.5': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.0.0',
+          description: 'Last v1.x stable',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '1.7.5',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.5',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.5'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        },
+        '2.0.0': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '1.7.0',
+          description: 'First v2.x - intermediate version',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '2.0.0',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/v2.0.0',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v2.0.0'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        },
+        '2.1.6': {
+          minCompatibleVersion: '2.0.0',
+          description: 'Current v2.x stable',
+          channels: {
+            latest: {
+              version: '2.1.6',
+
+              feedUrls: {
+                github: 'https://github.com/test/latest',
+
+                gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/latest'
+              }
+            },
+            rc: null,
+            beta: null
+          }
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
+    it('should upgrade from 1.6.3 to 1.7.5 (step 1)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.3', 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '1.7.5',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v1.7.5',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v1.7.5'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should upgrade from 1.7.5 to 2.0.0 (step 2)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.7.5', 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '2.0.0',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/v2.0.0',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/v2.0.0'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should upgrade from 2.0.0 to 2.1.6 (step 3)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('2.0.0', 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+
+      expect(result?.config).toEqual({
+        version: '2.1.6',
+
+        feedUrls: {
+          github: 'https://github.com/test/latest',
+
+          gitcode: 'https://gitcode.com/test/latest'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should complete full upgrade path: 1.6.3 -> 1.7.5 -> 2.0.0 -> 2.1.6', () => {
+      // Step 1: 1.6.3 -> 1.7.5
+      let currentVersion = '1.6.3'
+      let result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('1.7.5')
+
+      // Step 2: 1.7.5 -> 2.0.0
+      currentVersion = result?.config.version!
+      result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('2.0.0')
+
+      // Step 3: 2.0.0 -> 2.1.6
+      currentVersion = result?.config.version!
+      result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('2.1.6')
+
+      // Final: 2.1.6 is the latest, no more upgrades
+      currentVersion = result?.config.version!
+      result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel(currentVersion, 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('2.1.6')
+    })
+
+    it('should block direct upgrade from 1.6.3 to 2.0.0 (skip intermediate)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.6.3', 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+
+      // Should return 1.7.5, not 2.0.0, because 1.6.3 < 1.7.0 (minCompatibleVersion of 2.0.0)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('1.7.5')
+      expect(result?.config.version).not.toBe('2.0.0')
+    })
+
+    it('should block direct upgrade from 1.7.5 to 2.1.6 (skip intermediate)', () => {
+      const result = (appUpdater as any)._findCompatibleChannel('1.7.5', 'latest', fullUpgradeConfig)
+
+      // Should return 2.0.0, not 2.1.6, because 1.7.5 < 2.0.0 (minCompatibleVersion of 2.1.6)
+      expect(result?.config.version).toBe('2.0.0')
+      expect(result?.config.version).not.toBe('2.1.6')
+    })
+  })
 })

src/main/services/agents/BaseService.ts

@@ -1,17 +1,13 @@
-import { type Client, createClient } from '@libsql/client'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { mcpApiService } from '@main/apiServer/services/mcp'
 import type { ModelValidationError } from '@main/apiServer/utils'
 import { validateModelId } from '@main/apiServer/utils'
 import type { AgentType, MCPTool, SlashCommand, Tool } from '@types'
 import { objectKeys } from '@types'
-import { drizzle, type LibSQLDatabase } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql'
 import fs from 'fs'
 import path from 'path'
 
-import { MigrationService } from './database/MigrationService'
-import * as schema from './database/schema'
-import { dbPath } from './drizzle.config'
+import { DatabaseManager } from './database/DatabaseManager'
 import type { AgentModelField } from './errors'
 import { AgentModelValidationError } from './errors'
 import { builtinSlashCommands } from './services/claudecode/commands'
@@ -20,22 +16,16 @@ import { builtinTools } from './services/claudecode/tools'
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('BaseService')
 
 /**
- * Base service class providing shared database connection and utilities
- * for all agent-related services.
+ * Base service class providing shared utilities for all agent-related services.
  *
  * Features:
- * - Programmatic schema management (no CLI dependencies)
- * - Automatic table creation and migration
- * - Schema version tracking and compatibility checks
- * - Transaction-based operations for safety
- * - Development vs production mode handling
- * - Connection retry logic with exponential backoff
+ * - Database access through DatabaseManager singleton
+ * - JSON field serialization/deserialization
+ * - Path validation and creation
+ * - Model validation
+ * - MCP tools and slash commands listing
  */
 export abstract class BaseService {
-  protected static client: Client | null = null
-  protected static db: LibSQLDatabase<typeof schema> | null = null
-  protected static isInitialized = false
-  protected static initializationPromise: Promise<void> | null = null
   protected jsonFields: string[] = [
     'tools',
     'mcps',
@@ -45,23 +35,6 @@ export abstract class BaseService {
     'slash_commands'
   ]
 
-  /**
-   * Initialize database with retry logic and proper error handling
-   */
-  protected static async initialize(): Promise<void> {
-    // Return existing initialization if in progress
-    if (BaseService.initializationPromise) {
-      return BaseService.initializationPromise
-    }
-
-    if (BaseService.isInitialized) {
-      return
-    }
-
-    BaseService.initializationPromise = BaseService.performInitialization()
-    return BaseService.initializationPromise
-  }
-
   public async listMcpTools(agentType: AgentType, ids?: string[]): Promise<Tool[]> {
     const tools: Tool[] = []
     if (agentType === 'claude-code') {
@@ -101,78 +74,13 @@ export abstract class BaseService {
     return []
   }
 
-  private static async performInitialization(): Promise<void> {
-    const maxRetries = 3
-    let lastError: Error
-
-    for (let attempt = 1; attempt <= maxRetries; attempt++) {
-      try {
-        logger.info(`Initializing Agent database at: ${dbPath} (attempt ${attempt}/${maxRetries})`)
-
-        // Ensure the database directory exists
-        const dbDir = path.dirname(dbPath)
-        if (!fs.existsSync(dbDir)) {
-          logger.info(`Creating database directory: ${dbDir}`)
-          fs.mkdirSync(dbDir, { recursive: true })
-        }
-
-        BaseService.client = createClient({
-          url: `file:${dbPath}`
-        })
-
-        BaseService.db = drizzle(BaseService.client, { schema })
-
-        // Run database migrations
-        const migrationService = new MigrationService(BaseService.db, BaseService.client)
-        await migrationService.runMigrations()
-
-        BaseService.isInitialized = true
-        logger.info('Agent database initialized successfully')
-        return
-      } catch (error) {
-        lastError = error as Error
-        logger.warn(`Database initialization attempt ${attempt} failed:`, lastError)
-
-        // Clean up on failure
-        if (BaseService.client) {
-          try {
-            BaseService.client.close()
-          } catch (closeError) {
-            logger.warn('Failed to close client during cleanup:', closeError as Error)
-          }
-        }
-        BaseService.client = null
-        BaseService.db = null
-
-        // Wait before retrying (exponential backoff)
-        if (attempt < maxRetries) {
-          const delay = Math.pow(2, attempt) * 1000 // 2s, 4s, 8s
-          logger.info(`Retrying in ${delay}ms...`)
-          await new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, delay))
-        }
-      }
-    }
-
-    // All retries failed
-    BaseService.initializationPromise = null
-    logger.error('Failed to initialize Agent database after all retries:', lastError!)
-    throw lastError!
-  }
-
-  protected ensureInitialized(): void {
-    if (!BaseService.isInitialized || !BaseService.db || !BaseService.client) {
-      throw new Error('Database not initialized. Call initialize() first.')
-    }
-  }
-
-  protected get database(): LibSQLDatabase<typeof schema> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-    return BaseService.db!
-  }
-
-  protected get rawClient(): Client {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-    return BaseService.client!
+  /**
+   * Get database instance
+   * Automatically waits for initialization to complete
+   */
+  protected async getDatabase() {
+    const dbManager = await DatabaseManager.getInstance()
+    return dbManager.getDatabase()
   }
 
   protected serializeJsonFields(data: any): any {
@@ -284,7 +192,7 @@ export abstract class BaseService {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Force re-initialization (for development/testing)
+   * Validate agent model configuration
    */
   protected async validateAgentModels(
     agentType: AgentType,
@@ -325,22 +233,4 @@ export abstract class BaseService {
       }
     }
   }
-
-  static async reinitialize(): Promise<void> {
-    BaseService.isInitialized = false
-    BaseService.initializationPromise = null
-
-    if (BaseService.client) {
-      try {
-        BaseService.client.close()
-      } catch (error) {
-        logger.warn('Failed to close client during reinitialize:', error as Error)
-      }
-    }
-
-    BaseService.client = null
-    BaseService.db = null
-
-    await BaseService.initialize()
-  }
 }

src/main/services/agents/database/DatabaseManager.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
+import { type Client, createClient } from '@libsql/client'
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
+import type { LibSQLDatabase } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql'
+import { drizzle } from 'drizzle-orm/libsql'
+import fs from 'fs'
+import path from 'path'
+
+import { dbPath } from '../drizzle.config'
+import { MigrationService } from './MigrationService'
+import * as schema from './schema'
+
+const logger = loggerService.withContext('DatabaseManager')
+
+/**
+ * Database initialization state
+ */
+enum InitState {
+  INITIALIZING = 'initializing',
+  INITIALIZED = 'initialized',
+  FAILED = 'failed'
+}
+
+/**
+ * DatabaseManager - Singleton class for managing libsql database connections
+ *
+ * Responsibilities:
+ * - Single source of truth for database connection
+ * - Thread-safe initialization with state management
+ * - Automatic migration handling
+ * - Safe connection cleanup
+ * - Error recovery and retry logic
+ * - Windows platform compatibility fixes
+ */
+export class DatabaseManager {
+  private static instance: DatabaseManager | null = null
+
+  private client: Client | null = null
+  private db: LibSQLDatabase<typeof schema> | null = null
+  private state: InitState = InitState.INITIALIZING
+
+  /**
+   * Get the singleton instance (database initialization starts automatically)
+   */
+  public static async getInstance(): Promise<DatabaseManager> {
+    if (DatabaseManager.instance) {
+      return DatabaseManager.instance
+    }
+
+    const instance = new DatabaseManager()
+    await instance.initialize()
+    DatabaseManager.instance = instance
+
+    return instance
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Perform the actual initialization
+   */
+  public async initialize(): Promise<void> {
+    if (this.state === InitState.INITIALIZED) {
+      return
+    }
+
+    try {
+      logger.info(`Initializing database at: ${dbPath}`)
+
+      // Ensure database directory exists
+      const dbDir = path.dirname(dbPath)
+      if (!fs.existsSync(dbDir)) {
+        logger.info(`Creating database directory: ${dbDir}`)
+        fs.mkdirSync(dbDir, { recursive: true })
+      }
+
+      // Check if database file is corrupted (Windows specific check)
+      if (fs.existsSync(dbPath)) {
+        const stats = fs.statSync(dbPath)
+        if (stats.size === 0) {
+          logger.warn('Database file is empty, removing corrupted file')
+          fs.unlinkSync(dbPath)
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Create client with platform-specific options
+      this.client = createClient({
+        url: `file:${dbPath}`,
+        // intMode: 'number' helps avoid some Windows compatibility issues
+        intMode: 'number'
+      })
+
+      // Create drizzle instance
+      this.db = drizzle(this.client, { schema })
+
+      // Run migrations
+      const migrationService = new MigrationService(this.db, this.client)
+      await migrationService.runMigrations()
+
+      this.state = InitState.INITIALIZED
+      logger.info('Database initialized successfully')
+    } catch (error) {
+      const err = error as Error
+      logger.error('Database initialization failed:', {
+        error: err.message,
+        stack: err.stack
+      })
+
+      // Clean up failed initialization
+      this.cleanupFailedInit()
+
+      // Set failed state
+      this.state = InitState.FAILED
+      throw new Error(`Database initialization failed: ${err.message || 'Unknown error'}`)
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Clean up after failed initialization
+   */
+  private cleanupFailedInit(): void {
+    if (this.client) {
+      try {
+        // On Windows, closing a partially initialized client can crash
+        // Wrap in try-catch and ignore errors during cleanup
+        this.client.close()
+      } catch (error) {
+        logger.warn('Failed to close client during cleanup:', error as Error)
+      }
+    }
+    this.client = null
+    this.db = null
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the database instance
+   * Automatically waits for initialization to complete
+   * @throws Error if database initialization failed
+   */
+  public getDatabase(): LibSQLDatabase<typeof schema> {
+    return this.db!
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Get the raw client (for advanced operations)
+   * Automatically waits for initialization to complete
+   * @throws Error if database initialization failed
+   */
+  public async getClient(): Promise<Client> {
+    return this.client!
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Check if database is initialized
+   */
+  public isInitialized(): boolean {
+    return this.state === InitState.INITIALIZED
+  }
+}

src/main/services/agents/database/index.ts

@@ -7,8 +7,14 @@
  * Schema evolution is handled by Drizzle Kit migrations.
  */
 
+// Database Manager (Singleton)
+export * from './DatabaseManager'
+
 // Drizzle ORM schemas
 export * from './schema'
 
 // Repository helpers
 export * from './sessionMessageRepository'
+
+// Migration Service
+export * from './MigrationService'

src/main/services/agents/database/sessionMessageRepository.ts

@@ -15,26 +15,16 @@ import { sessionMessagesTable } from './schema'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('AgentMessageRepository')
 
-type TxClient = any
-
 export type PersistUserMessageParams = AgentMessageUserPersistPayload & {
   sessionId: string
   agentSessionId?: string
-  tx?: TxClient
 }
 
 export type PersistAssistantMessageParams = AgentMessageAssistantPersistPayload & {
   sessionId: string
   agentSessionId: string
-  tx?: TxClient
 }
 
-type PersistExchangeParams = AgentMessagePersistExchangePayload & {
-  tx?: TxClient
-}
-
-type PersistExchangeResult = AgentMessagePersistExchangeResult
-
 class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
   private static instance: AgentMessageRepository | null = null
 
@@ -87,17 +77,13 @@ class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
     return deserialized
   }
 
-  private getWriter(tx?: TxClient): TxClient {
-    return tx ?? this.database
-  }
-
   private async findExistingMessageRow(
-    writer: TxClient,
     sessionId: string,
     role: string,
     messageId: string
   ): Promise<SessionMessageRow | null> {
-    const candidateRows: SessionMessageRow[] = await writer
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const candidateRows: SessionMessageRow[] = await database
       .select()
       .from(sessionMessagesTable)
       .where(and(eq(sessionMessagesTable.session_id, sessionId), eq(sessionMessagesTable.role, role)))
@@ -122,10 +108,7 @@ class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
   private async upsertMessage(
     params: PersistUserMessageParams | PersistAssistantMessageParams
   ): Promise<AgentSessionMessageEntity> {
-    await AgentMessageRepository.initialize()
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const { sessionId, agentSessionId = '', payload, metadata, createdAt, tx } = params
+    const { sessionId, agentSessionId = '', payload, metadata, createdAt } = params
 
     if (!payload?.message?.role) {
       throw new Error('Message payload missing role')
@@ -135,18 +118,18 @@ class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
       throw new Error('Message payload missing id')
     }
 
-    const writer = this.getWriter(tx)
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
     const now = createdAt ?? payload.message.createdAt ?? new Date().toISOString()
     const serializedPayload = this.serializeMessage(payload)
     const serializedMetadata = this.serializeMetadata(metadata)
 
-    const existingRow = await this.findExistingMessageRow(writer, sessionId, payload.message.role, payload.message.id)
+    const existingRow = await this.findExistingMessageRow(sessionId, payload.message.role, payload.message.id)
 
     if (existingRow) {
       const metadataToPersist = serializedMetadata ?? existingRow.metadata ?? undefined
       const agentSessionToPersist = agentSessionId || existingRow.agent_session_id || ''
 
-      await writer
+      await database
         .update(sessionMessagesTable)
         .set({
           content: serializedPayload,
@@ -175,7 +158,7 @@ class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
       updated_at: now
     }
 
-    const [saved] = await writer.insert(sessionMessagesTable).values(insertData).returning()
+    const [saved] = await database.insert(sessionMessagesTable).values(insertData).returning()
 
     return this.deserialize(saved)
   }
@@ -188,49 +171,38 @@ class AgentMessageRepository extends BaseService {
     return this.upsertMessage(params)
   }
 
-  async persistExchange(params: PersistExchangeParams): Promise<PersistExchangeResult> {
-    await AgentMessageRepository.initialize()
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
+  async persistExchange(params: AgentMessagePersistExchangePayload): Promise<AgentMessagePersistExchangeResult> {
     const { sessionId, agentSessionId, user, assistant } = params
 
-    const result = await this.database.transaction(async (tx) => {
-      const exchangeResult: PersistExchangeResult = {}
+    const exchangeResult: AgentMessagePersistExchangeResult = {}
 
-      if (user?.payload) {
-        exchangeResult.userMessage = await this.persistUserMessage({
-          sessionId,
-          agentSessionId,
-          payload: user.payload,
-          metadata: user.metadata,
-          createdAt: user.createdAt,
-          tx
-        })
-      }
+    if (user?.payload) {
+      exchangeResult.userMessage = await this.persistUserMessage({
+        sessionId,
+        agentSessionId,
+        payload: user.payload,
+        metadata: user.metadata,
+        createdAt: user.createdAt
+      })
+    }
 
-      if (assistant?.payload) {
-        exchangeResult.assistantMessage = await this.persistAssistantMessage({
-          sessionId,
-          agentSessionId,
-          payload: assistant.payload,
-          metadata: assistant.metadata,
-          createdAt: assistant.createdAt,
-          tx
-        })
-      }
+    if (assistant?.payload) {
+      exchangeResult.assistantMessage = await this.persistAssistantMessage({
+        sessionId,
+        agentSessionId,
+        payload: assistant.payload,
+        metadata: assistant.metadata,
+        createdAt: assistant.createdAt
+      })
+    }
 
-      return exchangeResult
-    })
-
-    return result
+    return exchangeResult
   }
 
   async getSessionHistory(sessionId: string): Promise<AgentPersistedMessage[]> {
-    await AgentMessageRepository.initialize()
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     try {
-      const rows = await this.database
+      const database = await this.getDatabase()
+      const rows = await database
         .select()
         .from(sessionMessagesTable)
         .where(eq(sessionMessagesTable.session_id, sessionId))

src/main/services/agents/services/AgentService.ts

@@ -32,14 +32,8 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
     return AgentService.instance
   }
 
-  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
-    await BaseService.initialize()
-  }
-
   // Agent Methods
   async createAgent(req: CreateAgentRequest): Promise<CreateAgentResponse> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     const id = `agent_${Date.now()}_${Math.random().toString(36).substring(2, 11)}`
     const now = new Date().toISOString()
 
@@ -75,8 +69,9 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
       updated_at: now
     }
 
-    await this.database.insert(agentsTable).values(insertData)
-    const result = await this.database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    await database.insert(agentsTable).values(insertData)
+    const result = await database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
     if (!result[0]) {
       throw new Error('Failed to create agent')
     }
@@ -86,9 +81,8 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   async getAgent(id: string): Promise<GetAgentResponse | null> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
 
     if (!result[0]) {
       return null
@@ -118,9 +112,9 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   async listAgents(options: ListOptions = {}): Promise<{ agents: AgentEntity[]; total: number }> {
-    this.ensureInitialized() // Build query with pagination
-
-    const totalResult = await this.database.select({ count: count() }).from(agentsTable)
+    // Build query with pagination
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const totalResult = await database.select({ count: count() }).from(agentsTable)
 
     const sortBy = options.sortBy || 'created_at'
     const orderBy = options.orderBy || 'desc'
@@ -128,7 +122,7 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
     const sortField = agentsTable[sortBy]
     const orderFn = orderBy === 'asc' ? asc : desc
 
-    const baseQuery = this.database.select().from(agentsTable).orderBy(orderFn(sortField))
+    const baseQuery = database.select().from(agentsTable).orderBy(orderFn(sortField))
 
     const result =
       options.limit !== undefined
@@ -151,8 +145,6 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
     updates: UpdateAgentRequest,
     options: { replace?: boolean } = {}
   ): Promise<UpdateAgentResponse | null> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     // Check if agent exists
     const existing = await this.getAgent(id)
     if (!existing) {
@@ -195,22 +187,21 @@ export class AgentService extends BaseService {
       }
     }
 
-    await this.database.update(agentsTable).set(updateData).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id))
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    await database.update(agentsTable).set(updateData).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id))
     return await this.getAgent(id)
   }
 
   async deleteAgent(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database.delete(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id))
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database.delete(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, id))
 
     return result.rowsAffected > 0
   }
 
   async agentExists(id: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .select({ id: agentsTable.id })
       .from(agentsTable)
       .where(eq(agentsTable.id, id))

src/main/services/agents/services/SessionMessageService.ts

@@ -104,14 +104,9 @@ export class SessionMessageService extends BaseService {
     return SessionMessageService.instance
   }
 
-  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
-    await BaseService.initialize()
-  }
-
   async sessionMessageExists(id: number): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .select({ id: sessionMessagesTable.id })
       .from(sessionMessagesTable)
       .where(eq(sessionMessagesTable.id, id))
@@ -124,10 +119,9 @@ export class SessionMessageService extends BaseService {
     sessionId: string,
     options: ListOptions = {}
   ): Promise<{ messages: AgentSessionMessageEntity[] }> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     // Get messages with pagination
-    const baseQuery = this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const baseQuery = database
       .select()
       .from(sessionMessagesTable)
       .where(eq(sessionMessagesTable.session_id, sessionId))
@@ -146,9 +140,8 @@ export class SessionMessageService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   async deleteSessionMessage(sessionId: string, messageId: number): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .delete(sessionMessagesTable)
       .where(and(eq(sessionMessagesTable.id, messageId), eq(sessionMessagesTable.session_id, sessionId)))
 
@@ -160,8 +153,6 @@ export class SessionMessageService extends BaseService {
     messageData: CreateSessionMessageRequest,
     abortController: AbortController
   ): Promise<SessionStreamResult> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     return await this.startSessionMessageStream(session, messageData, abortController)
   }
 
@@ -270,10 +261,9 @@ export class SessionMessageService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   private async getLastAgentSessionId(sessionId: string): Promise<string> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     try {
-      const result = await this.database
+      const database = await this.getDatabase()
+      const result = await database
         .select({ agent_session_id: sessionMessagesTable.agent_session_id })
         .from(sessionMessagesTable)
         .where(and(eq(sessionMessagesTable.session_id, sessionId), not(eq(sessionMessagesTable.agent_session_id, ''))))

src/main/services/agents/services/SessionService.ts

@@ -30,10 +30,6 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
     return SessionService.instance
   }
 
-  async initialize(): Promise<void> {
-    await BaseService.initialize()
-  }
-
   /**
    * Override BaseService.listSlashCommands to merge builtin and plugin commands
    */
@@ -84,13 +80,12 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
     agentId: string,
     req: Partial<CreateSessionRequest> = {}
   ): Promise<GetAgentSessionResponse | null> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     // Validate agent exists - we'll need to import AgentService for this check
     // For now, we'll skip this validation to avoid circular dependencies
     // The database foreign key constraint will handle this
 
-    const agents = await this.database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, agentId)).limit(1)
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const agents = await database.select().from(agentsTable).where(eq(agentsTable.id, agentId)).limit(1)
     if (!agents[0]) {
       throw new Error('Agent not found')
     }
@@ -135,9 +130,10 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
       updated_at: now
     }
 
-    await this.database.insert(sessionsTable).values(insertData)
+    const db = await this.getDatabase()
+    await db.insert(sessionsTable).values(insertData)
 
-    const result = await this.database.select().from(sessionsTable).where(eq(sessionsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
+    const result = await db.select().from(sessionsTable).where(eq(sessionsTable.id, id)).limit(1)
 
     if (!result[0]) {
       throw new Error('Failed to create session')
@@ -148,9 +144,8 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   async getSession(agentId: string, id: string): Promise<GetAgentSessionResponse | null> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .select()
       .from(sessionsTable)
       .where(and(eq(sessionsTable.id, id), eq(sessionsTable.agent_id, agentId)))
@@ -176,8 +171,6 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
     agentId?: string,
     options: ListOptions = {}
   ): Promise<{ sessions: AgentSessionEntity[]; total: number }> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     // Build where conditions
     const whereConditions: SQL[] = []
     if (agentId) {
@@ -192,16 +185,13 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
           : undefined
 
     // Get total count
-    const totalResult = await this.database.select({ count: count() }).from(sessionsTable).where(whereClause)
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const totalResult = await database.select({ count: count() }).from(sessionsTable).where(whereClause)
 
     const total = totalResult[0].count
 
     // Build list query with pagination - sort by updated_at descending (latest first)
-    const baseQuery = this.database
-      .select()
-      .from(sessionsTable)
-      .where(whereClause)
-      .orderBy(desc(sessionsTable.updated_at))
+    const baseQuery = database.select().from(sessionsTable).where(whereClause).orderBy(desc(sessionsTable.updated_at))
 
     const result =
       options.limit !== undefined
@@ -220,8 +210,6 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
     id: string,
     updates: UpdateSessionRequest
   ): Promise<UpdateSessionResponse | null> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
     // Check if session exists
     const existing = await this.getSession(agentId, id)
     if (!existing) {
@@ -262,15 +250,15 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
       }
     }
 
-    await this.database.update(sessionsTable).set(updateData).where(eq(sessionsTable.id, id))
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    await database.update(sessionsTable).set(updateData).where(eq(sessionsTable.id, id))
 
     return await this.getSession(agentId, id)
   }
 
   async deleteSession(agentId: string, id: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .delete(sessionsTable)
       .where(and(eq(sessionsTable.id, id), eq(sessionsTable.agent_id, agentId)))
 
@@ -278,9 +266,8 @@ export class SessionService extends BaseService {
   }
 
   async sessionExists(agentId: string, id: string): Promise<boolean> {
-    this.ensureInitialized()
-
-    const result = await this.database
+    const database = await this.getDatabase()
+    const result = await database
       .select({ id: sessionsTable.id })
       .from(sessionsTable)
       .where(and(eq(sessionsTable.id, id), eq(sessionsTable.agent_id, agentId)))

src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/__tests__/transform.test.ts

@@ -21,11 +21,16 @@ describe('stripLocalCommandTags', () => {
       '<local-command-stdout>line1</local-command-stdout>\nkeep\n<local-command-stderr>Error</local-command-stderr>'
     expect(stripLocalCommandTags(input)).toBe('line1\nkeep\nError')
   })
+
+  it('if no tags present, returns original string', () => {
+    const input = 'just some normal text'
+    expect(stripLocalCommandTags(input)).toBe(input)
+  })
 })
 
 describe('Claude → AiSDK transform', () => {
   it('handles tool call streaming lifecycle', () => {
-    const state = new ClaudeStreamState()
+    const state = new ClaudeStreamState({ agentSessionId: baseStreamMetadata.session_id })
     const parts: ReturnType<typeof transformSDKMessageToStreamParts>[number][] = []
 
     const messages: SDKMessage[] = [
@@ -182,14 +187,119 @@ describe('Claude → AiSDK transform', () => {
       (typeof parts)[number],
       { type: 'tool-result' }
     >
-    expect(toolResult.toolCallId).toBe('tool-1')
+    expect(toolResult.toolCallId).toBe('session-123:tool-1')
     expect(toolResult.toolName).toBe('Bash')
     expect(toolResult.input).toEqual({ command: 'ls' })
     expect(toolResult.output).toBe('ok')
   })
 
+  it('handles tool calls without streaming events (no content_block_start/stop)', () => {
+    const state = new ClaudeStreamState({ agentSessionId: '12344' })
+    const parts: ReturnType<typeof transformSDKMessageToStreamParts>[number][] = []
+
+    const messages: SDKMessage[] = [
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'assistant',
+        uuid: uuid(20),
+        message: {
+          id: 'msg-tool-no-stream',
+          type: 'message',
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'claude-test',
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'tool_use',
+              id: 'tool-read',
+              name: 'Read',
+              input: { file_path: '/test.txt' }
+            },
+            {
+              type: 'tool_use',
+              id: 'tool-bash',
+              name: 'Bash',
+              input: { command: 'ls -la' }
+            }
+          ],
+          stop_reason: 'tool_use',
+          stop_sequence: null,
+          usage: {
+            input_tokens: 10,
+            output_tokens: 20
+          }
+        }
+      } as unknown as SDKMessage,
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'user',
+        uuid: uuid(21),
+        message: {
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'tool_result',
+              tool_use_id: 'tool-read',
+              content: 'file contents',
+              is_error: false
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      } as SDKMessage,
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'user',
+        uuid: uuid(22),
+        message: {
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'tool_result',
+              tool_use_id: 'tool-bash',
+              content: 'total 42\n...',
+              is_error: false
+            }
+          ]
+        }
+      } as SDKMessage
+    ]
+
+    for (const message of messages) {
+      const transformed = transformSDKMessageToStreamParts(message, state)
+      parts.push(...transformed)
+    }
+
+    const types = parts.map((part) => part.type)
+    expect(types).toEqual(['tool-call', 'tool-call', 'tool-result', 'tool-result'])
+
+    const toolCalls = parts.filter((part) => part.type === 'tool-call') as Extract<
+      (typeof parts)[number],
+      { type: 'tool-call' }
+    >[]
+    expect(toolCalls).toHaveLength(2)
+    expect(toolCalls[0].toolName).toBe('Read')
+    expect(toolCalls[0].toolCallId).toBe('12344:tool-read')
+    expect(toolCalls[1].toolName).toBe('Bash')
+    expect(toolCalls[1].toolCallId).toBe('12344:tool-bash')
+
+    const toolResults = parts.filter((part) => part.type === 'tool-result') as Extract<
+      (typeof parts)[number],
+      { type: 'tool-result' }
+    >[]
+    expect(toolResults).toHaveLength(2)
+    // This is the key assertion - toolName should NOT be 'unknown'
+    expect(toolResults[0].toolName).toBe('Read')
+    expect(toolResults[0].toolCallId).toBe('12344:tool-read')
+    expect(toolResults[0].input).toEqual({ file_path: '/test.txt' })
+    expect(toolResults[0].output).toBe('file contents')
+
+    expect(toolResults[1].toolName).toBe('Bash')
+    expect(toolResults[1].toolCallId).toBe('12344:tool-bash')
+    expect(toolResults[1].input).toEqual({ command: 'ls -la' })
+    expect(toolResults[1].output).toBe('total 42\n...')
+  })
+
   it('handles streaming text completion', () => {
-    const state = new ClaudeStreamState()
+    const state = new ClaudeStreamState({ agentSessionId: baseStreamMetadata.session_id })
     const parts: ReturnType<typeof transformSDKMessageToStreamParts>[number][] = []
 
     const messages: SDKMessage[] = [
@@ -300,4 +410,87 @@ describe('Claude → AiSDK transform', () => {
     expect(finishStep.finishReason).toBe('stop')
     expect(finishStep.usage).toEqual({ inputTokens: 2, outputTokens: 4, totalTokens: 6 })
   })
+
+  it('emits fallback text when Claude sends a snapshot instead of deltas', () => {
+    const state = new ClaudeStreamState({ agentSessionId: '12344' })
+    const parts: ReturnType<typeof transformSDKMessageToStreamParts>[number][] = []
+
+    const messages: SDKMessage[] = [
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'stream_event',
+        uuid: uuid(30),
+        event: {
+          type: 'message_start',
+          message: {
+            id: 'msg-fallback',
+            type: 'message',
+            role: 'assistant',
+            model: 'claude-test',
+            content: [],
+            stop_reason: null,
+            stop_sequence: null,
+            usage: {}
+          }
+        }
+      } as unknown as SDKMessage,
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'stream_event',
+        uuid: uuid(31),
+        event: {
+          type: 'content_block_start',
+          index: 0,
+          content_block: {
+            type: 'text',
+            text: ''
+          }
+        }
+      } as unknown as SDKMessage,
+      {
+        ...baseStreamMetadata,
+        type: 'assistant',
+        uuid: uuid(32),
+        message: {
+          id: 'msg-fallback-content',
+          type: 'message',
+          role: 'assistant',
+          model: 'claude-test',
+          content: [
+            {
+              type: 'text',
+              text: 'Final answer without streaming deltas.'
+            }
+          ],
+          stop_reason: 'end_turn',
+          stop_sequence: null,
+          usage: {
+            input_tokens: 3,
+            output_tokens: 7
+          }
+        }
+      } as unknown as SDKMessage
+    ]
+
+    for (const message of messages) {
+      const transformed = transformSDKMessageToStreamParts(message, state)
+      parts.push(...transformed)
+    }
+
+    const types = parts.map((part) => part.type)
+    expect(types).toEqual(['start-step', 'text-start', 'text-delta', 'text-end', 'finish-step'])
+
+    const delta = parts.find((part) => part.type === 'text-delta') as Extract<
+      (typeof parts)[number],
+      { type: 'text-delta' }
+    >
+    expect(delta.text).toBe('Final answer without streaming deltas.')
+
+    const finish = parts.find((part) => part.type === 'finish-step') as Extract<
+      (typeof parts)[number],
+      { type: 'finish-step' }
+    >
+    expect(finish.usage).toEqual({ inputTokens: 3, outputTokens: 7, totalTokens: 10 })
+    expect(finish.finishReason).toBe('stop')
+  })
 })

src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/claude-stream-state.ts

@@ -10,8 +10,21 @@
  * Every Claude turn gets its own instance. `resetStep` should be invoked once the finish event has
  * been emitted to avoid leaking state into the next turn.
  */
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import type { FinishReason, LanguageModelUsage, ProviderMetadata } from 'ai'
 
+/**
+ * Builds a namespaced tool call ID by combining session ID with raw tool call ID.
+ * This ensures tool calls from different sessions don't conflict even if they have
+ * the same raw ID from the SDK.
+ *
+ * @param sessionId - The agent session ID
+ * @param rawToolCallId - The raw tool call ID from SDK (e.g., "WebFetch_0")
+ */
+export function buildNamespacedToolCallId(sessionId: string, rawToolCallId: string): string {
+  return `${sessionId}:${rawToolCallId}`
+}
+
 /**
  * Shared fields for every block that Claude can stream (text, reasoning, tool).
  */
@@ -34,6 +47,7 @@ type ReasoningBlockState = BaseBlockState & {
 type ToolBlockState = BaseBlockState & {
   kind: 'tool'
   toolCallId: string
+  rawToolCallId: string
   toolName: string
   inputBuffer: string
   providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata
@@ -48,12 +62,17 @@ type PendingUsageState = {
 }
 
 type PendingToolCall = {
+  rawToolCallId: string
   toolCallId: string
   toolName: string
   input: unknown
   providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata
 }
 
+type ClaudeStreamStateOptions = {
+  agentSessionId: string
+}
+
 /**
  * Tracks the lifecycle of Claude streaming blocks (text, thinking, tool calls)
  * across individual websocket events. The transformer relies on this class to
@@ -61,12 +80,20 @@ type PendingToolCall = {
  * usage/finish metadata once Anthropic closes a message.
  */
 export class ClaudeStreamState {
+  private logger
+  private readonly agentSessionId: string
   private blocksByIndex = new Map<number, BlockState>()
-  private toolIndexById = new Map<string, number>()
+  private toolIndexByNamespacedId = new Map<string, number>()
   private pendingUsage: PendingUsageState = {}
   private pendingToolCalls = new Map<string, PendingToolCall>()
   private stepActive = false
 
+  constructor(options: ClaudeStreamStateOptions) {
+    this.logger = loggerService.withContext('ClaudeStreamState')
+    this.agentSessionId = options.agentSessionId
+    this.logger.silly('ClaudeStreamState', options)
+  }
+
   /** Marks the beginning of a new AiSDK step. */
   beginStep(): void {
     this.stepActive = true
@@ -104,19 +131,21 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
   /** Caches tool metadata so subsequent input deltas and results can find it. */
   openToolBlock(
     index: number,
-    params: { toolCallId: string; toolName: string; providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata }
+    params: { rawToolCallId: string; toolName: string; providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata }
   ): ToolBlockState {
+    const toolCallId = buildNamespacedToolCallId(this.agentSessionId, params.rawToolCallId)
     const block: ToolBlockState = {
       kind: 'tool',
-      id: params.toolCallId,
+      id: toolCallId,
       index,
-      toolCallId: params.toolCallId,
+      toolCallId,
+      rawToolCallId: params.rawToolCallId,
       toolName: params.toolName,
       inputBuffer: '',
       providerMetadata: params.providerMetadata
     }
     this.blocksByIndex.set(index, block)
-    this.toolIndexById.set(params.toolCallId, index)
+    this.toolIndexByNamespacedId.set(toolCallId, index)
     return block
   }
 
@@ -124,14 +153,32 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
     return this.blocksByIndex.get(index)
   }
 
+  getFirstOpenTextBlock(): TextBlockState | undefined {
+    const candidates: TextBlockState[] = []
+    for (const block of this.blocksByIndex.values()) {
+      if (block.kind === 'text') {
+        candidates.push(block)
+      }
+    }
+    if (candidates.length === 0) {
+      return undefined
+    }
+    candidates.sort((a, b) => a.index - b.index)
+    return candidates[0]
+  }
+
   getToolBlockById(toolCallId: string): ToolBlockState | undefined {
-    const index = this.toolIndexById.get(toolCallId)
+    const index = this.toolIndexByNamespacedId.get(toolCallId)
     if (index === undefined) return undefined
     const block = this.blocksByIndex.get(index)
     if (!block || block.kind !== 'tool') return undefined
     return block
   }
 
+  getToolBlockByRawId(rawToolCallId: string): ToolBlockState | undefined {
+    return this.getToolBlockById(buildNamespacedToolCallId(this.agentSessionId, rawToolCallId))
+  }
+
   /** Appends streamed text to a text block, returning the updated state when present. */
   appendTextDelta(index: number, text: string): TextBlockState | undefined {
     const block = this.blocksByIndex.get(index)
@@ -158,10 +205,12 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
 
   /** Records a tool call to be consumed once its result arrives from the user. */
   registerToolCall(
-    toolCallId: string,
+    rawToolCallId: string,
     payload: { toolName: string; input: unknown; providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata }
   ): void {
-    this.pendingToolCalls.set(toolCallId, {
+    const toolCallId = buildNamespacedToolCallId(this.agentSessionId, rawToolCallId)
+    this.pendingToolCalls.set(rawToolCallId, {
+      rawToolCallId,
       toolCallId,
       toolName: payload.toolName,
       input: payload.input,
@@ -170,10 +219,10 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
   }
 
   /** Retrieves and clears the buffered tool call metadata for the given id. */
-  consumePendingToolCall(toolCallId: string): PendingToolCall | undefined {
-    const entry = this.pendingToolCalls.get(toolCallId)
+  consumePendingToolCall(rawToolCallId: string): PendingToolCall | undefined {
+    const entry = this.pendingToolCalls.get(rawToolCallId)
     if (entry) {
-      this.pendingToolCalls.delete(toolCallId)
+      this.pendingToolCalls.delete(rawToolCallId)
     }
     return entry
   }
@@ -182,13 +231,13 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
    * Persists the final input payload for a tool block once the provider signals
    * completion so that downstream tool results can reference the original call.
    */
-  completeToolBlock(toolCallId: string, input: unknown, providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata): void {
+  completeToolBlock(toolCallId: string, toolName: string, input: unknown, providerMetadata?: ProviderMetadata): void {
+    const block = this.getToolBlockByRawId(toolCallId)
     this.registerToolCall(toolCallId, {
-      toolName: this.getToolBlockById(toolCallId)?.toolName ?? 'unknown',
+      toolName,
       input,
       providerMetadata
     })
-    const block = this.getToolBlockById(toolCallId)
     if (block) {
       block.resolvedInput = input
     }
@@ -200,7 +249,7 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
     if (!block) return undefined
     this.blocksByIndex.delete(index)
     if (block.kind === 'tool') {
-      this.toolIndexById.delete(block.toolCallId)
+      this.toolIndexByNamespacedId.delete(block.toolCallId)
     }
     return block
   }
@@ -227,7 +276,7 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
   /** Drops cached block metadata for the currently active message. */
   resetBlocks(): void {
     this.blocksByIndex.clear()
-    this.toolIndexById.clear()
+    this.toolIndexByNamespacedId.clear()
   }
 
   /** Resets the entire step lifecycle after emitting a terminal frame. */
@@ -236,6 +285,10 @@ export class ClaudeStreamState {
     this.resetPendingUsage()
     this.stepActive = false
   }
+
+  getNamespacedToolCallId(rawToolCallId: string): string {
+    return buildNamespacedToolCallId(this.agentSessionId, rawToolCallId)
+  }
 }
 
 export type { PendingToolCall }

src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/index.ts

@@ -2,7 +2,14 @@
 import { EventEmitter } from 'node:events'
 import { createRequire } from 'node:module'
 
-import type { CanUseTool, McpHttpServerConfig, Options, SDKMessage } from '@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk'
+import type {
+  CanUseTool,
+  HookCallback,
+  McpHttpServerConfig,
+  Options,
+  PreToolUseHookInput,
+  SDKMessage
+} from '@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk'
 import { query } from '@anthropic-ai/claude-agent-sdk'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { config as apiConfigService } from '@main/apiServer/config'
@@ -13,6 +20,7 @@ import { app } from 'electron'
 import type { GetAgentSessionResponse } from '../..'
 import type { AgentServiceInterface, AgentStream, AgentStreamEvent } from '../../interfaces/AgentStreamInterface'
 import { sessionService } from '../SessionService'
+import { buildNamespacedToolCallId } from './claude-stream-state'
 import { promptForToolApproval } from './tool-permissions'
 import { ClaudeStreamState, transformSDKMessageToStreamParts } from './transform'
 
@@ -150,7 +158,67 @@ class ClaudeCodeService implements AgentServiceInterface {
         return { behavior: 'allow', updatedInput: input }
       }
 
-      return promptForToolApproval(toolName, input, options)
+      return promptForToolApproval(toolName, input, {
+        ...options,
+        toolCallId: buildNamespacedToolCallId(session.id, options.toolUseID)
+      })
+    }
+
+    const preToolUseHook: HookCallback = async (input, toolUseID, options) => {
+      // Type guard to ensure we're handling PreToolUse event
+      if (input.hook_event_name !== 'PreToolUse') {
+        return {}
+      }
+
+      const hookInput = input as PreToolUseHookInput
+      const toolName = hookInput.tool_name
+
+      logger.debug('PreToolUse hook triggered', {
+        session_id: hookInput.session_id,
+        tool_name: hookInput.tool_name,
+        tool_use_id: toolUseID,
+        tool_input: hookInput.tool_input,
+        cwd: hookInput.cwd,
+        permission_mode: hookInput.permission_mode,
+        autoAllowTools: autoAllowTools
+      })
+
+      if (options?.signal?.aborted) {
+        logger.debug('PreToolUse hook signal already aborted; skipping tool use', {
+          tool_name: hookInput.tool_name
+        })
+        return {}
+      }
+
+      // handle auto approved tools since it never triggers canUseTool
+      const normalizedToolName = normalizeToolName(toolName)
+      if (toolUseID) {
+        const bypassAll = input.permission_mode === 'bypassPermissions'
+        const autoAllowed = autoAllowTools.has(toolName) || autoAllowTools.has(normalizedToolName)
+        if (bypassAll || autoAllowed) {
+          const namespacedToolCallId = buildNamespacedToolCallId(session.id, toolUseID)
+          logger.debug('handling auto approved tools', {
+            toolName,
+            normalizedToolName,
+            namespacedToolCallId,
+            permission_mode: input.permission_mode,
+            autoAllowTools
+          })
+          const isRecord = (v: unknown): v is Record<string, unknown> => {
+            return !!v && typeof v === 'object' && !Array.isArray(v)
+          }
+          const toolInput = isRecord(input.tool_input) ? input.tool_input : {}
+
+          await promptForToolApproval(toolName, toolInput, {
+            ...options,
+            toolCallId: namespacedToolCallId,
+            autoApprove: true
+          })
+        }
+      }
+
+      // Return to proceed without modification
+      return {}
     }
 
     // Build SDK options from parameters
@@ -176,7 +244,14 @@ class ClaudeCodeService implements AgentServiceInterface {
       permissionMode: session.configuration?.permission_mode,
       maxTurns: session.configuration?.max_turns,
       allowedTools: session.allowed_tools,
-      canUseTool
+      canUseTool,
+      hooks: {
+        PreToolUse: [
+          {
+            hooks: [preToolUseHook]
+          }
+        ]
+      }
     }
 
     if (session.accessible_paths.length > 1) {
@@ -346,7 +421,7 @@ class ClaudeCodeService implements AgentServiceInterface {
     const jsonOutput: SDKMessage[] = []
     let hasCompleted = false
     const startTime = Date.now()
-    const streamState = new ClaudeStreamState()
+    const streamState = new ClaudeStreamState({ agentSessionId: sessionId })
 
     try {
       for await (const message of query({ prompt: promptStream, options })) {
@@ -410,23 +485,6 @@ class ClaudeCodeService implements AgentServiceInterface {
           }
         }
 
-        if (message.type === 'assistant' || message.type === 'user') {
-          logger.silly('claude response', {
-            message,
-            content: JSON.stringify(message.message.content)
-          })
-        } else if (message.type === 'stream_event') {
-          // logger.silly('Claude stream event', {
-          //   message,
-          //   event: JSON.stringify(message.event)
-          // })
-        } else {
-          logger.silly('Claude response', {
-            message,
-            event: JSON.stringify(message)
-          })
-        }
-
         const chunks = transformSDKMessageToStreamParts(message, streamState)
         for (const chunk of chunks) {
           stream.emit('data', {

src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/tool-permissions.ts

@@ -31,12 +31,14 @@ type PendingPermissionRequest = {
   abortListener?: () => void
   originalInput: Record<string, unknown>
   toolName: string
+  toolCallId?: string
 }
 
 type RendererPermissionRequestPayload = {
   requestId: string
   toolName: string
   toolId: string
+  toolCallId: string
   description?: string
   requiresPermissions: boolean
   input: Record<string, unknown>
@@ -44,6 +46,7 @@ type RendererPermissionRequestPayload = {
   createdAt: number
   expiresAt: number
   suggestions: PermissionUpdate[]
+  autoApprove?: boolean
 }
 
 type RendererPermissionResultPayload = {
@@ -51,6 +54,7 @@ type RendererPermissionResultPayload = {
   behavior: ToolPermissionBehavior
   message?: string
   reason: 'response' | 'timeout' | 'aborted' | 'no-window'
+  toolCallId?: string
 }
 
 const pendingRequests = new Map<string, PendingPermissionRequest>()
@@ -144,7 +148,8 @@ const finalizeRequest = (
     requestId,
     behavior: update.behavior,
     message: update.behavior === 'deny' ? update.message : undefined,
-    reason
+    reason,
+    toolCallId: pending.toolCallId
   }
 
   const dispatched = broadcastToRenderer(IpcChannel.AgentToolPermission_Result, resultPayload)
@@ -206,10 +211,20 @@ const ensureIpcHandlersRegistered = () => {
   })
 }
 
+type PromptForToolApprovalOptions = {
+  signal: AbortSignal
+  suggestions?: PermissionUpdate[]
+  autoApprove?: boolean
+
+  // NOTICE: This ID is namespaced with session ID, not the raw SDK tool call ID.
+  // Format: `${sessionId}:${rawToolCallId}`, e.g., `session_123:WebFetch_0`
+  toolCallId: string
+}
+
 export async function promptForToolApproval(
   toolName: string,
   input: Record<string, unknown>,
-  options?: { signal: AbortSignal; suggestions?: PermissionUpdate[] }
+  options: PromptForToolApprovalOptions
 ): Promise<PermissionResult> {
   if (shouldAutoApproveTools) {
     logger.debug('promptForToolApproval auto-approving tool for test', {
@@ -245,6 +260,7 @@ export async function promptForToolApproval(
   logger.info('Requesting user approval for tool usage', {
     requestId,
     toolName,
+    toolCallId: options.toolCallId,
     description: toolMetadata?.description
   })
 
@@ -252,13 +268,15 @@ export async function promptForToolApproval(
     requestId,
     toolName,
     toolId: toolMetadata?.id ?? toolName,
+    toolCallId: options.toolCallId,
     description: toolMetadata?.description,
     requiresPermissions: toolMetadata?.requirePermissions ?? false,
     input: sanitizedInput,
     inputPreview,
     createdAt,
     expiresAt,
-    suggestions: sanitizedSuggestions
+    suggestions: sanitizedSuggestions,
+    autoApprove: options.autoApprove
   }
 
   const defaultDenyUpdate: PermissionResult = { behavior: 'deny', message: 'Tool request aborted before user decision' }
@@ -266,6 +284,7 @@ export async function promptForToolApproval(
   logger.debug('Registering tool permission request', {
     requestId,
     toolName,
+    toolCallId: options.toolCallId,
     requiresPermissions: requestPayload.requiresPermissions,
     timeoutMs: TOOL_APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS,
     suggestionCount: sanitizedSuggestions.length
@@ -273,7 +292,11 @@ export async function promptForToolApproval(
 
   return new Promise<PermissionResult>((resolve) => {
     const timeout = setTimeout(() => {
-      logger.info('User tool permission request timed out', { requestId, toolName })
+      logger.info('User tool permission request timed out', {
+        requestId,
+        toolName,
+        toolCallId: options.toolCallId
+      })
       finalizeRequest(requestId, { behavior: 'deny', message: 'Timed out waiting for approval' }, 'timeout')
     }, TOOL_APPROVAL_TIMEOUT_MS)
 
@@ -282,12 +305,17 @@ export async function promptForToolApproval(
       timeout,
       originalInput: sanitizedInput,
       toolName,
-      signal: options?.signal
+      signal: options?.signal,
+      toolCallId: options.toolCallId
     }
 
     if (options?.signal) {
       const abortListener = () => {
-        logger.info('Tool permission request aborted before user responded', { requestId, toolName })
+        logger.info('Tool permission request aborted before user responded', {
+          requestId,
+          toolName,
+          toolCallId: options.toolCallId
+        })
         finalizeRequest(requestId, defaultDenyUpdate, 'aborted')
       }
 

src/main/services/agents/services/claudecode/transform.ts

@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ const sdkMessageToProviderMetadata = (message: SDKMessage): ProviderMetadata =>
  * blocks across calls so that incremental deltas can be correlated correctly.
  */
 export function transformSDKMessageToStreamParts(sdkMessage: SDKMessage, state: ClaudeStreamState): AgentStreamPart[] {
-  logger.silly('Transforming SDKMessage', { message: sdkMessage })
+  logger.silly('Transforming SDKMessage', { message: JSON.stringify(sdkMessage) })
   switch (sdkMessage.type) {
     case 'assistant':
       return handleAssistantMessage(sdkMessage, state)
@@ -186,14 +186,13 @@ function handleAssistantMessage(
 
   for (const block of content) {
     switch (block.type) {
-      case 'text':
-        if (!isStreamingActive) {
-          const sanitizedText = stripLocalCommandTags(block.text)
-          if (sanitizedText) {
-            textBlocks.push(sanitizedText)
-          }
+      case 'text': {
+        const sanitizedText = stripLocalCommandTags(block.text)
+        if (sanitizedText) {
+          textBlocks.push(sanitizedText)
         }
         break
+      }
       case 'tool_use':
         handleAssistantToolUse(block as ToolUseContent, providerMetadata, state, chunks)
         break
@@ -203,7 +202,16 @@ function handleAssistantMessage(
     }
   }
 
-  if (!isStreamingActive && textBlocks.length > 0) {
+  if (textBlocks.length === 0) {
+    return chunks
+  }
+
+  const combinedText = textBlocks.join('')
+  if (!combinedText) {
+    return chunks
+  }
+
+  if (!isStreamingActive) {
     const id = message.uuid?.toString() || generateMessageId()
     state.beginStep()
     chunks.push({
@@ -219,7 +227,7 @@ function handleAssistantMessage(
     chunks.push({
       type: 'text-delta',
       id,
-      text: textBlocks.join(''),
+      text: combinedText,
       providerMetadata
     })
     chunks.push({
@@ -230,7 +238,27 @@ function handleAssistantMessage(
     return finalizeNonStreamingStep(message, state, chunks)
   }
 
-  return chunks
+  const existingTextBlock = state.getFirstOpenTextBlock()
+  const fallbackId = existingTextBlock?.id || message.uuid?.toString() || generateMessageId()
+  if (!existingTextBlock) {
+    chunks.push({
+      type: 'text-start',
+      id: fallbackId,
+      providerMetadata
+    })
+  }
+  chunks.push({
+    type: 'text-delta',
+    id: fallbackId,
+    text: combinedText,
+    providerMetadata
+  })
+  chunks.push({
+    type: 'text-end',
+    id: fallbackId,
+    providerMetadata
+  })
+  return finalizeNonStreamingStep(message, state, chunks)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -243,15 +271,16 @@ function handleAssistantToolUse(
   state: ClaudeStreamState,
   chunks: AgentStreamPart[]
 ): void {
+  const toolCallId = state.getNamespacedToolCallId(block.id)
   chunks.push({
     type: 'tool-call',
-    toolCallId: block.id,
+    toolCallId,
     toolName: block.name,
     input: block.input,
     providerExecuted: true,
     providerMetadata
   })
-  state.completeToolBlock(block.id, block.input, providerMetadata)
+  state.completeToolBlock(block.id, block.name, block.input, providerMetadata)
 }
 
 /**
@@ -331,10 +360,11 @@ function handleUserMessage(
     if (block.type === 'tool_result') {
       const toolResult = block as ToolResultContent
       const pendingCall = state.consumePendingToolCall(toolResult.tool_use_id)
+      const toolCallId = pendingCall?.toolCallId ?? state.getNamespacedToolCallId(toolResult.tool_use_id)
       if (toolResult.is_error) {
         chunks.push({
           type: 'tool-error',
-          toolCallId: toolResult.tool_use_id,
+          toolCallId,
           toolName: pendingCall?.toolName ?? 'unknown',
           input: pendingCall?.input,
           error: toolResult.content,
@@ -343,7 +373,7 @@ function handleUserMessage(
       } else {
         chunks.push({
           type: 'tool-result',
-          toolCallId: toolResult.tool_use_id,
+          toolCallId,
           toolName: pendingCall?.toolName ?? 'unknown',
           input: pendingCall?.input,
           output: toolResult.content,
@@ -457,6 +487,9 @@ function handleStreamEvent(
     }
 
     case 'message_stop': {
+      if (!state.hasActiveStep()) {
+        break
+      }
       const pending = state.getPendingUsage()
       chunks.push({
         type: 'finish-step',
@@ -514,7 +547,7 @@ function handleContentBlockStart(
     }
     case 'tool_use': {
       const block = state.openToolBlock(index, {
-        toolCallId: contentBlock.id,
+        rawToolCallId: contentBlock.id,
         toolName: contentBlock.name,
         providerMetadata
       })

src/preload/index.ts

@@ -111,6 +111,7 @@ const api = {
   setFullScreen: (value: boolean): Promise<void> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.App_SetFullScreen, value),
   isFullScreen: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.App_IsFullScreen),
   getSystemFonts: (): Promise<string[]> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.App_GetSystemFonts),
+  mockCrashRenderProcess: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.APP_CrashRenderProcess),
   mac: {
     isProcessTrusted: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.App_MacIsProcessTrusted),
     requestProcessTrust: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.App_MacRequestProcessTrust)
@@ -121,7 +122,8 @@ const api = {
   system: {
     getDeviceType: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_GetDeviceType),
     getHostname: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_GetHostname),
-    getCpuName: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_GetCpuName)
+    getCpuName: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_GetCpuName),
+    checkGitBash: (): Promise<boolean> => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_CheckGitBash)
   },
   devTools: {
     toggle: () => ipcRenderer.invoke(IpcChannel.System_ToggleDevTools)

src/renderer/src/aiCore/index_new.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@ import {
   prepareSpecialProviderConfig,
   providerToAiSdkConfig
 } from './provider/providerConfig'
+import type { AiSdkConfig } from './types'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('ModernAiProvider')
 
@@ -44,7 +45,7 @@ export type ModernAiProviderConfig = AiSdkMiddlewareConfig & {
 
 export default class ModernAiProvider {
   private legacyProvider: LegacyAiProvider
-  private config?: ReturnType<typeof providerToAiSdkConfig>
+  private config?: AiSdkConfig
   private actualProvider: Provider
   private model?: Model
   private localProvider: Awaited<AiSdkProvider> | null = null
@@ -89,6 +90,11 @@ export default class ModernAiProvider {
     // 每次请求时重新生成配置以确保API key轮换生效
     this.config = providerToAiSdkConfig(this.actualProvider, this.model)
     logger.debug('Generated provider config for completions', this.config)
+
+    // 检查 config 是否存在
+    if (!this.config) {
+      throw new Error('Provider config is undefined; cannot proceed with completions')
+    }
     if (SUPPORTED_IMAGE_ENDPOINT_LIST.includes(this.config.options.endpoint)) {
       providerConfig.isImageGenerationEndpoint = true
     }
@@ -149,7 +155,8 @@ export default class ModernAiProvider {
     params: StreamTextParams,
     config: ModernAiProviderConfig
   ): Promise<CompletionsResult> {
-    if (config.isImageGenerationEndpoint) {
+    // ai-gateway不是image/generation 端点，所以就先不走legacy了
+    if (config.isImageGenerationEndpoint && config.provider!.id !== SystemProviderIds['ai-gateway']) {
       // 使用 legacy 实现处理图像生成（支持图片编辑等高级功能）
       if (!config.uiMessages) {
         throw new Error('uiMessages is required for image generation endpoint')
@@ -463,8 +470,13 @@ export default class ModernAiProvider {
     // 如果支持新的 AI SDK，使用现代化实现
     if (isModernSdkSupported(this.actualProvider)) {
       try {
+        // 确保 config 已定义
+        if (!this.config) {
+          throw new Error('Provider config is undefined; cannot proceed with generateImage')
+        }
+
         // 确保本地provider已创建
-        if (!this.localProvider) {
+        if (!this.localProvider && this.config) {
           this.localProvider = await createAiSdkProvider(this.config)
           if (!this.localProvider) {
             throw new Error('Local provider not created')

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/ApiClientFactory.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
-import { isNewApiProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import type { Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { isNewApiProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 
 import { AihubmixAPIClient } from './aihubmix/AihubmixAPIClient'
 import { AnthropicAPIClient } from './anthropic/AnthropicAPIClient'

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/BaseApiClient.ts

@@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import {
+  getModelSupportedVerbosity,
   isFunctionCallingModel,
   isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP,
   isOpenAIModel,
   isSupportFlexServiceTierModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
 import { REFERENCE_PROMPT } from '@renderer/config/prompts'
-import { isSupportServiceTierProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import { getLMStudioKeepAliveTime } from '@renderer/hooks/useLMStudio'
 import { getAssistantSettings } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import type {
@@ -18,7 +18,6 @@ import type {
   MCPToolResponse,
   MemoryItem,
   Model,
-  OpenAIVerbosity,
   Provider,
   ToolCallResponse,
   WebSearchProviderResponse,
@@ -32,6 +31,7 @@ import {
   OpenAIServiceTiers,
   SystemProviderIds
 } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { OpenAIVerbosity } from '@renderer/types/aiCoreTypes'
 import type { Message } from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
 import type {
   RequestOptions,
@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ import type {
 import { isJSON, parseJSON } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { addAbortController, removeAbortController } from '@renderer/utils/abortController'
 import { findFileBlocks, getMainTextContent } from '@renderer/utils/messageUtils/find'
+import { isSupportServiceTierProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { defaultTimeout } from '@shared/config/constant'
 import { defaultAppHeaders } from '@shared/utils'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
@@ -242,12 +243,18 @@ export abstract class BaseApiClient<
     return serviceTierSetting
   }
 
-  protected getVerbosity(): OpenAIVerbosity {
+  protected getVerbosity(model?: Model): OpenAIVerbosity {
     try {
       const state = window.store?.getState()
       const verbosity = state?.settings?.openAI?.verbosity
 
       if (verbosity && ['low', 'medium', 'high'].includes(verbosity)) {
+        // If model is provided, check if the verbosity is supported by the model
+        if (model) {
+          const supportedVerbosity = getModelSupportedVerbosity(model)
+          // Use user's verbosity if supported, otherwise use the first supported option
+          return supportedVerbosity.includes(verbosity) ? verbosity : supportedVerbosity[0]
+        }
         return verbosity
       }
     } catch (error) {

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/__tests__/ApiClientFactory.test.ts

@@ -58,10 +58,27 @@ vi.mock('../aws/AwsBedrockAPIClient', () => ({
   AwsBedrockAPIClient: vi.fn().mockImplementation(() => ({}))
 }))
 
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService.ts', () => ({
+  getDefaultAssistant: () => {
+    return {
+      id: 'default',
+      name: 'default',
+      emoji: '😀',
+      prompt: '',
+      topics: [],
+      messages: [],
+      type: 'assistant',
+      regularPhrases: [],
+      settings: {}
+    }
+  }
+}))
+
 // Mock the models config to prevent circular dependency issues
 vi.mock('@renderer/config/models', () => ({
   findTokenLimit: vi.fn(),
   isReasoningModel: vi.fn(),
+  isOpenAILLMModel: vi.fn(),
   SYSTEM_MODELS: {
     silicon: [],
     defaultModel: []

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/gemini/VertexAPIClient.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,8 @@
 import { GoogleGenAI } from '@google/genai'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
-import { createVertexProvider, isVertexAIConfigured, isVertexProvider } from '@renderer/hooks/useVertexAI'
+import { createVertexProvider, isVertexAIConfigured } from '@renderer/hooks/useVertexAI'
 import type { Model, Provider, VertexProvider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { isVertexProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
 
 import { AnthropicVertexClient } from '../anthropic/AnthropicVertexClient'

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/openai/OpenAIApiClient.ts

@@ -10,7 +10,6 @@ import { DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import {
   findTokenLimit,
   GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL_REGEX,
-  getOpenAIWebSearchParams,
   getThinkModelType,
   isClaudeReasoningModel,
   isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel,
@@ -35,16 +34,11 @@ import {
   isSupportedThinkingTokenModel,
   isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel,
   isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel,
+  isSupportVerbosityModel,
   isVisionModel,
   MODEL_SUPPORTED_REASONING_EFFORT,
   ZHIPU_RESULT_TOKENS
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import {
-  isSupportArrayContentProvider,
-  isSupportDeveloperRoleProvider,
-  isSupportEnableThinkingProvider,
-  isSupportStreamOptionsProvider
-} from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import { mapLanguageToQwenMTModel } from '@renderer/config/translate'
 import { processPostsuffixQwen3Model, processReqMessages } from '@renderer/services/ModelMessageService'
 import { estimateTextTokens } from '@renderer/services/TokenService'
@@ -88,6 +82,12 @@ import {
   openAIToolsToMcpTool
 } from '@renderer/utils/mcp-tools'
 import { findFileBlocks, findImageBlocks } from '@renderer/utils/messageUtils/find'
+import {
+  isSupportArrayContentProvider,
+  isSupportDeveloperRoleProvider,
+  isSupportEnableThinkingProvider,
+  isSupportStreamOptionsProvider
+} from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { t } from 'i18next'
 
 import type { GenericChunk } from '../../middleware/schemas'
@@ -733,9 +733,16 @@ export class OpenAIAPIClient extends OpenAIBaseClient<
           ...modalities,
           // groq 有不同的 service tier 配置，不符合 openai 接口类型
           service_tier: this.getServiceTier(model) as OpenAIServiceTier,
+          ...(isSupportVerbosityModel(model)
+            ? {
+                text: {
+                  verbosity: this.getVerbosity(model)
+                }
+              }
+            : {}),
           ...this.getProviderSpecificParameters(assistant, model),
           ...reasoningEffort,
-          ...getOpenAIWebSearchParams(model, enableWebSearch),
+          // ...getOpenAIWebSearchParams(model, enableWebSearch),
           // OpenRouter usage tracking
           ...(this.provider.id === 'openrouter' ? { usage: { include: true } } : {}),
           ...extra_body,

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/openai/OpenAIBaseClient.ts

@@ -48,9 +48,8 @@ export abstract class OpenAIBaseClient<
   }
 
   // 仅适用于openai
-  override getBaseURL(): string {
-    const host = this.provider.apiHost
-    return formatApiHost(host)
+  override getBaseURL(isSupportedAPIVerion: boolean = true): string {
+    return formatApiHost(this.provider.apiHost, isSupportedAPIVerion)
   }
 
   override async generateImage({
@@ -144,6 +143,11 @@ export abstract class OpenAIBaseClient<
     }
 
     let apiKeyForSdkInstance = this.apiKey
+    let baseURLForSdkInstance = this.getBaseURL()
+    let headersForSdkInstance = {
+      ...this.defaultHeaders(),
+      ...this.provider.extra_headers
+    }
 
     if (this.provider.id === 'copilot') {
       const defaultHeaders = store.getState().copilot.defaultHeaders
@@ -151,6 +155,11 @@ export abstract class OpenAIBaseClient<
       // this.provider.apiKey不允许修改
       // this.provider.apiKey = token
       apiKeyForSdkInstance = token
+      baseURLForSdkInstance = this.getBaseURL(false)
+      headersForSdkInstance = {
+        ...headersForSdkInstance,
+        ...COPILOT_DEFAULT_HEADERS
+      }
     }
 
     if (this.provider.id === 'azure-openai' || this.provider.type === 'azure-openai') {
@@ -164,12 +173,8 @@ export abstract class OpenAIBaseClient<
       this.sdkInstance = new OpenAI({
         dangerouslyAllowBrowser: true,
         apiKey: apiKeyForSdkInstance,
-        baseURL: this.getBaseURL(),
-        defaultHeaders: {
-          ...this.defaultHeaders(),
-          ...this.provider.extra_headers,
-          ...(this.provider.id === 'copilot' ? COPILOT_DEFAULT_HEADERS : {})
-        }
+        baseURL: baseURLForSdkInstance,
+        defaultHeaders: headersForSdkInstance
       }) as TSdkInstance
     }
     return this.sdkInstance

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/clients/openai/OpenAIResponseAPIClient.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,6 @@ import {
   isSupportVerbosityModel,
   isVisionModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { isSupportDeveloperRoleProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import { estimateTextTokens } from '@renderer/services/TokenService'
 import type {
   FileMetadata,
@@ -43,6 +42,7 @@ import {
   openAIToolsToMcpTool
 } from '@renderer/utils/mcp-tools'
 import { findFileBlocks, findImageBlocks } from '@renderer/utils/messageUtils/find'
+import { isSupportDeveloperRoleProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { MB } from '@shared/config/constant'
 import { t } from 'i18next'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ export class OpenAIResponseAPIClient extends OpenAIBaseClient<
     if (isOpenAILLMModel(model) && !isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel(model)) {
       if (this.provider.id === 'azure-openai' || this.provider.type === 'azure-openai') {
         this.provider = { ...this.provider, apiHost: this.formatApiHost() }
-        if (this.provider.apiVersion === 'preview') {
+        if (this.provider.apiVersion === 'preview' || this.provider.apiVersion === 'v1') {
           return this
         } else {
           return this.client
@@ -297,7 +297,31 @@ export class OpenAIResponseAPIClient extends OpenAIBaseClient<
 
   private convertResponseToMessageContent(response: OpenAI.Responses.Response): ResponseInput {
     const content: OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInput = []
-    content.push(...response.output)
+    response.output.forEach((item) => {
+      if (item.type !== 'apply_patch_call' && item.type !== 'apply_patch_call_output') {
+        content.push(item)
+      } else if (item.type === 'apply_patch_call') {
+        if (item.operation !== undefined) {
+          const applyPatchToolCall: OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInputItem.ApplyPatchCall = {
+            ...item,
+            operation: item.operation
+          }
+          content.push(applyPatchToolCall)
+        } else {
+          logger.warn('Undefined tool call operation for ApplyPatchToolCall.')
+        }
+      } else if (item.type === 'apply_patch_call_output') {
+        if (item.output !== undefined) {
+          const applyPatchToolCallOutput: OpenAI.Responses.ResponseInputItem.ApplyPatchCallOutput = {
+            ...item,
+            output: item.output === null ? undefined : item.output
+          }
+          content.push(applyPatchToolCallOutput)
+        } else {
+          logger.warn('Undefined tool call operation for ApplyPatchToolCall.')
+        }
+      }
+    })
     return content
   }
 
@@ -496,7 +520,7 @@ export class OpenAIResponseAPIClient extends OpenAIBaseClient<
           ...(isSupportVerbosityModel(model)
             ? {
                 text: {
-                  verbosity: this.getVerbosity()
+                  verbosity: this.getVerbosity(model)
                 }
               }
             : {}),

src/renderer/src/aiCore/legacy/middleware/common/ErrorHandlerMiddleware.ts

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { isZhipuModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
 import { getStoreProviders } from '@renderer/hooks/useStore'
+import { getDefaultModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import type { Chunk } from '@renderer/types/chunk'
 
 import type { CompletionsParams, CompletionsResult } from '../schemas'
@@ -66,7 +67,7 @@ export const ErrorHandlerMiddleware =
   }
 
 function handleError(error: any, params: CompletionsParams): any {
-  if (isZhipuModel(params.assistant.model) && error.status && !params.enableGenerateImage) {
+  if (isZhipuModel(params.assistant.model || getDefaultModel()) && error.status && !params.enableGenerateImage) {
     return handleZhipuError(error)
   }
 

src/renderer/src/aiCore/middleware/AiSdkMiddlewareBuilder.ts

@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
 import type { WebSearchPluginConfig } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/built-in/plugins'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { isSupportEnableThinkingProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import type { MCPTool } from '@renderer/types'
-import { type Assistant, type Message, type Model, type Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { type Assistant, type Message, type Model, type Provider, SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
 import type { Chunk } from '@renderer/types/chunk'
+import { isSupportEnableThinkingProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import type { LanguageModelMiddleware } from 'ai'
 import { extractReasoningMiddleware, simulateStreamingMiddleware } from 'ai'
 import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ import { isEmpty } from 'lodash'
 import { isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel } from '../utils/image'
 import { noThinkMiddleware } from './noThinkMiddleware'
 import { openrouterGenerateImageMiddleware } from './openrouterGenerateImageMiddleware'
+import { openrouterReasoningMiddleware } from './openrouterReasoningMiddleware'
 import { qwenThinkingMiddleware } from './qwenThinkingMiddleware'
 import { toolChoiceMiddleware } from './toolChoiceMiddleware'
 
@@ -217,6 +218,14 @@ function addProviderSpecificMiddlewares(builder: AiSdkMiddlewareBuilder, config:
       middleware: noThinkMiddleware()
     })
   }
+
+  if (config.provider.id === SystemProviderIds.openrouter && config.enableReasoning) {
+    builder.add({
+      name: 'openrouter-reasoning-redaction',
+      middleware: openrouterReasoningMiddleware()
+    })
+    logger.debug('Added OpenRouter reasoning redaction middleware')
+  }
 }
 
 /**

src/renderer/src/aiCore/middleware/openrouterReasoningMiddleware.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+import type { LanguageModelV2StreamPart } from '@ai-sdk/provider'
+import type { LanguageModelMiddleware } from 'ai'
+
+/**
+ * https://openrouter.ai/docs/docs/best-practices/reasoning-tokens#example-preserving-reasoning-blocks-with-openrouter-and-claude
+ *
+ * @returns LanguageModelMiddleware - a middleware filter redacted block
+ */
+export function openrouterReasoningMiddleware(): LanguageModelMiddleware {
+  const REDACTED_BLOCK = '[REDACTED]'
+  return {
+    middlewareVersion: 'v2',
+    wrapGenerate: async ({ doGenerate }) => {
+      const { content, ...rest } = await doGenerate()
+      const modifiedContent = content.map((part) => {
+        if (part.type === 'reasoning' && part.text.includes(REDACTED_BLOCK)) {
+          return {
+            ...part,
+            text: part.text.replace(REDACTED_BLOCK, '')
+          }
+        }
+        return part
+      })
+      return { content: modifiedContent, ...rest }
+    },
+    wrapStream: async ({ doStream }) => {
+      const { stream, ...rest } = await doStream()
+      return {
+        stream: stream.pipeThrough(
+          new TransformStream<LanguageModelV2StreamPart, LanguageModelV2StreamPart>({
+            transform(
+              chunk: LanguageModelV2StreamPart,
+              controller: TransformStreamDefaultController<LanguageModelV2StreamPart>
+            ) {
+              if (chunk.type === 'reasoning-delta' && chunk.delta.includes(REDACTED_BLOCK)) {
+                controller.enqueue({
+                  ...chunk,
+                  delta: chunk.delta.replace(REDACTED_BLOCK, '')
+                })
+              } else {
+                controller.enqueue(chunk)
+              }
+            }
+          })
+        ),
+        ...rest
+      }
+    }
+  }
+}

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/__tests__/message-converter.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,234 @@
+import type { Message, Model } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { FileMetadata } from '@renderer/types/file'
+import { FileTypes } from '@renderer/types/file'
+import {
+  AssistantMessageStatus,
+  type FileMessageBlock,
+  type ImageMessageBlock,
+  MessageBlockStatus,
+  MessageBlockType,
+  type ThinkingMessageBlock,
+  UserMessageStatus
+} from '@renderer/types/newMessage'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+const { convertFileBlockToFilePartMock, convertFileBlockToTextPartMock } = vi.hoisted(() => ({
+  convertFileBlockToFilePartMock: vi.fn(),
+  convertFileBlockToTextPartMock: vi.fn()
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../fileProcessor', () => ({
+  convertFileBlockToFilePart: convertFileBlockToFilePartMock,
+  convertFileBlockToTextPart: convertFileBlockToTextPartMock
+}))
+
+const visionModelIds = new Set(['gpt-4o-mini', 'qwen-image-edit'])
+const imageEnhancementModelIds = new Set(['qwen-image-edit'])
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/config/models', () => ({
+  isVisionModel: (model: Model) => visionModelIds.has(model.id),
+  isImageEnhancementModel: (model: Model) => imageEnhancementModelIds.has(model.id)
+}))
+
+type MockableMessage = Message & {
+  __mockContent?: string
+  __mockFileBlocks?: FileMessageBlock[]
+  __mockImageBlocks?: ImageMessageBlock[]
+  __mockThinkingBlocks?: ThinkingMessageBlock[]
+}
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/messageUtils/find', () => ({
+  getMainTextContent: (message: Message) => (message as MockableMessage).__mockContent ?? '',
+  findFileBlocks: (message: Message) => (message as MockableMessage).__mockFileBlocks ?? [],
+  findImageBlocks: (message: Message) => (message as MockableMessage).__mockImageBlocks ?? [],
+  findThinkingBlocks: (message: Message) => (message as MockableMessage).__mockThinkingBlocks ?? []
+}))
+
+import { convertMessagesToSdkMessages, convertMessageToSdkParam } from '../messageConverter'
+
+let messageCounter = 0
+let blockCounter = 0
+
+const createModel = (overrides: Partial<Model> = {}): Model => ({
+  id: 'gpt-4o-mini',
+  name: 'GPT-4o mini',
+  provider: 'openai',
+  group: 'openai',
+  ...overrides
+})
+
+const createMessage = (role: Message['role']): MockableMessage =>
+  ({
+    id: `message-${++messageCounter}`,
+    role,
+    assistantId: 'assistant-1',
+    topicId: 'topic-1',
+    createdAt: new Date(2024, 0, 1, 0, 0, messageCounter).toISOString(),
+    status: role === 'assistant' ? AssistantMessageStatus.SUCCESS : UserMessageStatus.SUCCESS,
+    blocks: []
+  }) as MockableMessage
+
+const createFileBlock = (
+  messageId: string,
+  overrides: Partial<Omit<FileMessageBlock, 'file' | 'messageId' | 'type'>> & { file?: Partial<FileMetadata> } = {}
+): FileMessageBlock => {
+  const { file, ...blockOverrides } = overrides
+  const timestamp = new Date(2024, 0, 1, 0, 0, ++blockCounter).toISOString()
+  return {
+    id: blockOverrides.id ?? `file-block-${blockCounter}`,
+    messageId,
+    type: MessageBlockType.FILE,
+    createdAt: blockOverrides.createdAt ?? timestamp,
+    status: blockOverrides.status ?? MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS,
+    file: {
+      id: file?.id ?? `file-${blockCounter}`,
+      name: file?.name ?? 'document.txt',
+      origin_name: file?.origin_name ?? 'document.txt',
+      path: file?.path ?? '/tmp/document.txt',
+      size: file?.size ?? 1024,
+      ext: file?.ext ?? '.txt',
+      type: file?.type ?? FileTypes.TEXT,
+      created_at: file?.created_at ?? timestamp,
+      count: file?.count ?? 1,
+      ...file
+    },
+    ...blockOverrides
+  }
+}
+
+const createImageBlock = (
+  messageId: string,
+  overrides: Partial<Omit<ImageMessageBlock, 'type' | 'messageId'>> = {}
+): ImageMessageBlock => ({
+  id: overrides.id ?? `image-block-${++blockCounter}`,
+  messageId,
+  type: MessageBlockType.IMAGE,
+  createdAt: overrides.createdAt ?? new Date(2024, 0, 1, 0, 0, blockCounter).toISOString(),
+  status: overrides.status ?? MessageBlockStatus.SUCCESS,
+  url: overrides.url ?? 'https://example.com/image.png',
+  ...overrides
+})
+
+describe('messageConverter', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    convertFileBlockToFilePartMock.mockReset()
+    convertFileBlockToTextPartMock.mockReset()
+    convertFileBlockToFilePartMock.mockResolvedValue(null)
+    convertFileBlockToTextPartMock.mockResolvedValue(null)
+    messageCounter = 0
+    blockCounter = 0
+  })
+
+  describe('convertMessageToSdkParam', () => {
+    it('includes text and image parts for user messages on vision models', async () => {
+      const model = createModel()
+      const message = createMessage('user')
+      message.__mockContent = 'Describe this picture'
+      message.__mockImageBlocks = [createImageBlock(message.id, { url: 'https://example.com/cat.png' })]
+
+      const result = await convertMessageToSdkParam(message, true, model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        role: 'user',
+        content: [
+          { type: 'text', text: 'Describe this picture' },
+          { type: 'image', image: 'https://example.com/cat.png' }
+        ]
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('returns file instructions as a system message when native uploads succeed', async () => {
+      const model = createModel()
+      const message = createMessage('user')
+      message.__mockContent = 'Summarize the PDF'
+      message.__mockFileBlocks = [createFileBlock(message.id)]
+      convertFileBlockToFilePartMock.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        type: 'file',
+        filename: 'document.pdf',
+        mediaType: 'application/pdf',
+        data: 'fileid://remote-file'
+      })
+
+      const result = await convertMessageToSdkParam(message, false, model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual([
+        {
+          role: 'system',
+          content: 'fileid://remote-file'
+        },
+        {
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Summarize the PDF' }]
+        }
+      ])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('convertMessagesToSdkMessages', () => {
+    it('appends assistant images to the final user message for image enhancement models', async () => {
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'qwen-image-edit', name: 'Qwen Image Edit', provider: 'qwen', group: 'qwen' })
+      const initialUser = createMessage('user')
+      initialUser.__mockContent = 'Start editing'
+
+      const assistant = createMessage('assistant')
+      assistant.__mockContent = 'Here is the current preview'
+      assistant.__mockImageBlocks = [createImageBlock(assistant.id, { url: 'https://example.com/preview.png' })]
+
+      const finalUser = createMessage('user')
+      finalUser.__mockContent = 'Increase the brightness'
+
+      const result = await convertMessagesToSdkMessages([initialUser, assistant, finalUser], model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual([
+        {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Here is the current preview' }]
+        },
+        {
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [
+            { type: 'text', text: 'Increase the brightness' },
+            { type: 'image', image: 'https://example.com/preview.png' }
+          ]
+        }
+      ])
+    })
+
+    it('preserves preceding system instructions when building enhancement payloads', async () => {
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'qwen-image-edit', name: 'Qwen Image Edit', provider: 'qwen', group: 'qwen' })
+      const fileUser = createMessage('user')
+      fileUser.__mockContent = 'Use this document as inspiration'
+      fileUser.__mockFileBlocks = [createFileBlock(fileUser.id, { file: { ext: '.pdf', type: FileTypes.DOCUMENT } })]
+      convertFileBlockToFilePartMock.mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        type: 'file',
+        filename: 'reference.pdf',
+        mediaType: 'application/pdf',
+        data: 'fileid://reference'
+      })
+
+      const assistant = createMessage('assistant')
+      assistant.__mockContent = 'Generated previews ready'
+      assistant.__mockImageBlocks = [createImageBlock(assistant.id, { url: 'https://example.com/reference.png' })]
+
+      const finalUser = createMessage('user')
+      finalUser.__mockContent = 'Apply the edits'
+
+      const result = await convertMessagesToSdkMessages([fileUser, assistant, finalUser], model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual([
+        { role: 'system', content: 'fileid://reference' },
+        {
+          role: 'assistant',
+          content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Generated previews ready' }]
+        },
+        {
+          role: 'user',
+          content: [
+            { type: 'text', text: 'Apply the edits' },
+            { type: 'image', image: 'https://example.com/reference.png' }
+          ]
+        }
+      ])
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/__tests__/model-parameters.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,218 @@
+import type { Assistant, AssistantSettings, Model, Topic } from '@renderer/types'
+import { TopicType } from '@renderer/types'
+import { defaultTimeout } from '@shared/config/constant'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { getTemperature, getTimeout, getTopP } from '../modelParameters'
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
+  getAssistantSettings: (assistant: Assistant): AssistantSettings => ({
+    contextCount: assistant.settings?.contextCount ?? 4096,
+    temperature: assistant.settings?.temperature ?? 0.7,
+    enableTemperature: assistant.settings?.enableTemperature ?? true,
+    topP: assistant.settings?.topP ?? 1,
+    enableTopP: assistant.settings?.enableTopP ?? false,
+    enableMaxTokens: assistant.settings?.enableMaxTokens ?? false,
+    maxTokens: assistant.settings?.maxTokens,
+    streamOutput: assistant.settings?.streamOutput ?? true,
+    toolUseMode: assistant.settings?.toolUseMode ?? 'prompt',
+    defaultModel: assistant.defaultModel,
+    customParameters: assistant.settings?.customParameters ?? [],
+    reasoning_effort: assistant.settings?.reasoning_effort,
+    reasoning_effort_cache: assistant.settings?.reasoning_effort_cache,
+    qwenThinkMode: assistant.settings?.qwenThinkMode
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/hooks/useSettings', () => ({
+  getStoreSetting: vi.fn(),
+  useSettings: vi.fn(() => ({})),
+  useNavbarPosition: vi.fn(() => ({ navbarPosition: 'left', isLeftNavbar: true, isTopNavbar: false }))
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/hooks/useStore', () => ({
+  getStoreProviders: vi.fn(() => [])
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/settings', () => ({
+  default: (state = { settings: {} }) => state
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/assistants', () => ({
+  default: (state = { assistants: [] }) => state
+}))
+
+const createTopic = (assistantId: string): Topic => ({
+  id: `topic-${assistantId}`,
+  assistantId,
+  name: 'topic',
+  createdAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  updatedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
+  messages: [],
+  type: TopicType.Chat
+})
+
+const createAssistant = (settings: Assistant['settings'] = {}): Assistant => {
+  const assistantId = 'assistant-1'
+  return {
+    id: assistantId,
+    name: 'Test Assistant',
+    prompt: 'prompt',
+    topics: [createTopic(assistantId)],
+    type: 'assistant',
+    settings
+  }
+}
+
+const createModel = (overrides: Partial<Model> = {}): Model => ({
+  id: 'gpt-4o',
+  provider: 'openai',
+  name: 'GPT-4o',
+  group: 'openai',
+  ...overrides
+})
+
+describe('modelParameters', () => {
+  describe('getTemperature', () => {
+    it('returns undefined when reasoning effort is enabled for Claude models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ reasoning_effort: 'medium' })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'claude-opus-4', name: 'Claude Opus 4', provider: 'anthropic', group: 'claude' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined for models without temperature/topP support', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-large', name: 'Qwen MT', provider: 'qwen', group: 'qwen' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined for Claude 4.5 reasoning models when only TopP is enabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTopP: true, enableTemperature: false })
+      const model = createModel({
+        id: 'claude-sonnet-4.5',
+        name: 'Claude Sonnet 4.5',
+        provider: 'anthropic',
+        group: 'claude'
+      })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns configured temperature when enabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 0.42 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(0.42)
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined when temperature is disabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: false, temperature: 0.9 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('clamps temperature to max 1.0 for Zhipu models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 2.0 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'glm-4-plus', name: 'GLM-4 Plus', provider: 'zhipu', group: 'zhipu' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(1.0)
+    })
+
+    it('clamps temperature to max 1.0 for Anthropic models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 1.5 })
+      const model = createModel({
+        id: 'claude-sonnet-3.5',
+        name: 'Claude 3.5 Sonnet',
+        provider: 'anthropic',
+        group: 'claude'
+      })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(1.0)
+    })
+
+    it('clamps temperature to max 1.0 for Moonshot models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 2.0 })
+      const model = createModel({
+        id: 'moonshot-v1-8k',
+        name: 'Moonshot v1 8k',
+        provider: 'moonshot',
+        group: 'moonshot'
+      })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(1.0)
+    })
+
+    it('does not clamp temperature for OpenAI models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 2.0 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(2.0)
+    })
+
+    it('does not clamp temperature when it is already within limits', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true, temperature: 0.8 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'glm-4-plus', name: 'GLM-4 Plus', provider: 'zhipu', group: 'zhipu' })
+
+      expect(getTemperature(assistant, model)).toBe(0.8)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getTopP', () => {
+    it('returns undefined when reasoning effort is enabled for Claude models', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ reasoning_effort: 'high' })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'claude-opus-4', provider: 'anthropic', group: 'claude' })
+
+      expect(getTopP(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined for models without TopP support', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTopP: true })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'qwen-mt-small', name: 'Qwen MT', provider: 'qwen', group: 'qwen' })
+
+      expect(getTopP(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined for Claude 4.5 reasoning models when temperature is enabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTemperature: true })
+      const model = createModel({
+        id: 'claude-opus-4.5',
+        name: 'Claude Opus 4.5',
+        provider: 'anthropic',
+        group: 'claude'
+      })
+
+      expect(getTopP(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('returns configured TopP when enabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTopP: true, topP: 0.73 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTopP(assistant, model)).toBe(0.73)
+    })
+
+    it('returns undefined when TopP is disabled', () => {
+      const assistant = createAssistant({ enableTopP: false, topP: 0.5 })
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTopP(assistant, model)).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getTimeout', () => {
+    it('uses an extended timeout for flex service tier models', () => {
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'o3-pro', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTimeout(model)).toBe(15 * 1000 * 60)
+    })
+
+    it('falls back to the default timeout otherwise', () => {
+      const model = createModel({ id: 'gpt-4o', provider: 'openai', group: 'openai' })
+
+      expect(getTimeout(model)).toBe(defaultTimeout)
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/header.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+import { isClaude4SeriesModel, isClaude45ReasoningModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
+import { getProviderByModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import type { Assistant, Model } from '@renderer/types'
+import { isToolUseModeFunction } from '@renderer/utils/assistant'
+import { isAwsBedrockProvider, isVertexProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
+
+// https://docs.claude.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/extended-thinking#interleaved-thinking
+const INTERLEAVED_THINKING_HEADER = 'interleaved-thinking-2025-05-14'
+// https://docs.claude.com/en/docs/build-with-claude/context-windows#1m-token-context-window
+const CONTEXT_100M_HEADER = 'context-1m-2025-08-07'
+// https://docs.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/generative-ai/docs/partner-models/claude/web-search
+const WEBSEARCH_HEADER = 'web-search-2025-03-05'
+
+export function addAnthropicHeaders(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): string[] {
+  const anthropicHeaders: string[] = []
+  const provider = getProviderByModel(model)
+  if (
+    isClaude45ReasoningModel(model) &&
+    isToolUseModeFunction(assistant) &&
+    !(isVertexProvider(provider) && isAwsBedrockProvider(provider))
+  ) {
+    anthropicHeaders.push(INTERLEAVED_THINKING_HEADER)
+  }
+  if (isClaude4SeriesModel(model)) {
+    if (isVertexProvider(provider) && assistant.enableWebSearch) {
+      anthropicHeaders.push(WEBSEARCH_HEADER)
+    }
+    anthropicHeaders.push(CONTEXT_100M_HEADER)
+  }
+  return anthropicHeaders
+}

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/modelCapabilities.ts

@@ -85,19 +85,6 @@ export function supportsLargeFileUpload(model: Model): boolean {
   })
 }
 
-/**
- * 检查模型是否支持TopP
- */
-export function supportsTopP(model: Model): boolean {
-  const provider = getProviderByModel(model)
-
-  if (provider?.type === 'anthropic' || model?.endpoint_type === 'anthropic') {
-    return false
-  }
-
-  return true
-}
-
 /**
  * 获取提供商特定的文件大小限制
  */

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/modelParameters.ts

@@ -3,17 +3,27 @@
  * 处理温度、TopP、超时等基础参数的获取逻辑
  */
 
+import { DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import {
   isClaude45ReasoningModel,
   isClaudeReasoningModel,
+  isMaxTemperatureOneModel,
   isNotSupportTemperatureAndTopP,
-  isSupportedFlexServiceTier
+  isSupportedFlexServiceTier,
+  isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { getAssistantSettings } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import { getAssistantSettings, getProviderByModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import type { Assistant, Model } from '@renderer/types'
 import { defaultTimeout } from '@shared/config/constant'
 
+import { getAnthropicThinkingBudget } from '../utils/reasoning'
+
 /**
+ * Claude 4.5 推理模型:
+ * - 只启用 temperature → 使用 temperature
+ * - 只启用 top_p → 使用 top_p
+ * - 同时启用 → temperature 生效,top_p 被忽略
+ * - 都不启用 → 都不使用
  * 获取温度参数
  */
 export function getTemperature(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): number | undefined {
@@ -27,7 +37,11 @@ export function getTemperature(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): number | und
     return undefined
   }
   const assistantSettings = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
-  return assistantSettings?.enableTemperature ? assistantSettings?.temperature : undefined
+  let temperature = assistantSettings?.temperature
+  if (temperature && isMaxTemperatureOneModel(model)) {
+    temperature = Math.min(1, temperature)
+  }
+  return assistantSettings?.enableTemperature ? temperature : undefined
 }
 
 /**
@@ -56,3 +70,18 @@ export function getTimeout(model: Model): number {
   }
   return defaultTimeout
 }
+
+export function getMaxTokens(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): number | undefined {
+  // NOTE: ai-sdk会把maxToken和budgetToken加起来
+  let { maxTokens = DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
+
+  const provider = getProviderByModel(model)
+  if (isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel(model) && ['anthropic', 'aws-bedrock'].includes(provider.type)) {
+    const { reasoning_effort: reasoningEffort } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
+    const budget = getAnthropicThinkingBudget(maxTokens, reasoningEffort, model.id)
+    if (budget) {
+      maxTokens -= budget
+    }
+  }
+  return maxTokens
+}

src/renderer/src/aiCore/prepareParams/parameterBuilder.ts

@@ -4,22 +4,24 @@
  */
 
 import { anthropic } from '@ai-sdk/anthropic'
+import { azure } from '@ai-sdk/azure'
 import { google } from '@ai-sdk/google'
 import { vertexAnthropic } from '@ai-sdk/google-vertex/anthropic/edge'
 import { vertex } from '@ai-sdk/google-vertex/edge'
-import type { WebSearchPluginConfig } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/built-in/plugins'
+import { combineHeaders } from '@ai-sdk/provider-utils'
+import type { AnthropicSearchConfig, WebSearchPluginConfig } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/built-in/plugins'
 import { isBaseProvider } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/core/providers/schemas'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import {
+  isAnthropicModel,
   isGenerateImageModel,
   isOpenRouterBuiltInWebSearchModel,
   isReasoningModel,
   isSupportedReasoningEffortModel,
-  isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel,
   isSupportedThinkingTokenModel,
   isWebSearchModel
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { getAssistantSettings, getDefaultModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
+import { getDefaultModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import store from '@renderer/store'
 import type { CherryWebSearchConfig } from '@renderer/store/websearch'
 import { type Assistant, type MCPTool, type Provider } from '@renderer/types'
@@ -32,10 +34,9 @@ import { stepCountIs } from 'ai'
 import { getAiSdkProviderId } from '../provider/factory'
 import { setupToolsConfig } from '../utils/mcp'
 import { buildProviderOptions } from '../utils/options'
-import { getAnthropicThinkingBudget } from '../utils/reasoning'
 import { buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig } from '../utils/websearch'
-import { supportsTopP } from './modelCapabilities'
-import { getTemperature, getTopP } from './modelParameters'
+import { addAnthropicHeaders } from './header'
+import { getMaxTokens, getTemperature, getTopP } from './modelParameters'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('parameterBuilder')
 
@@ -58,7 +59,7 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
       timeout?: number
       headers?: Record<string, string>
     }
-  } = {}
+  }
 ): Promise<{
   params: StreamTextParams
   modelId: string
@@ -75,8 +76,6 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
   const model = assistant.model || getDefaultModel()
   const aiSdkProviderId = getAiSdkProviderId(provider)
 
-  let { maxTokens } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
-
   // 这三个变量透传出来，交给下面启用插件/中间件
   // 也可以在外部构建好再传入buildStreamTextParams
   // FIXME: qwen3即使关闭思考仍然会导致enableReasoning的结果为true
@@ -113,16 +112,6 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
     enableGenerateImage
   })
 
-  // NOTE: ai-sdk会把maxToken和budgetToken加起来
-  if (
-    enableReasoning &&
-    maxTokens !== undefined &&
-    isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel(model) &&
-    (provider.type === 'anthropic' || provider.type === 'aws-bedrock')
-  ) {
-    maxTokens -= getAnthropicThinkingBudget(assistant, model)
-  }
-
   let webSearchPluginConfig: WebSearchPluginConfig | undefined = undefined
   if (enableWebSearch) {
     if (isBaseProvider(aiSdkProviderId)) {
@@ -139,6 +128,17 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
         maxUses: webSearchConfig.maxResults,
         blockedDomains: blockedDomains.length > 0 ? blockedDomains : undefined
       }) as ProviderDefinedTool
+    } else if (aiSdkProviderId === 'azure-responses') {
+      tools.web_search_preview = azure.tools.webSearchPreview({
+        searchContextSize: webSearchPluginConfig?.openai!.searchContextSize
+      }) as ProviderDefinedTool
+    } else if (aiSdkProviderId === 'azure-anthropic') {
+      const blockedDomains = mapRegexToPatterns(webSearchConfig.excludeDomains)
+      const anthropicSearchOptions: AnthropicSearchConfig = {
+        maxUses: webSearchConfig.maxResults,
+        blockedDomains: blockedDomains.length > 0 ? blockedDomains : undefined
+      }
+      tools.web_search = anthropic.tools.webSearch_20250305(anthropicSearchOptions) as ProviderDefinedTool
     }
   }
 
@@ -156,9 +156,10 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
         tools.url_context = google.tools.urlContext({}) as ProviderDefinedTool
         break
       case 'anthropic':
+      case 'azure-anthropic':
       case 'google-vertex-anthropic':
         tools.web_fetch = (
-          aiSdkProviderId === 'anthropic'
+          ['anthropic', 'azure-anthropic'].includes(aiSdkProviderId)
             ? anthropic.tools.webFetch_20250910({
                 maxUses: webSearchConfig.maxResults,
                 blockedDomains: blockedDomains.length > 0 ? blockedDomains : undefined
@@ -172,22 +173,26 @@ export async function buildStreamTextParams(
     }
   }
 
+  let headers: Record<string, string | undefined> = options.requestOptions?.headers ?? {}
+
+  if (isAnthropicModel(model)) {
+    const newBetaHeaders = { 'anthropic-beta': addAnthropicHeaders(assistant, model).join(',') }
+    headers = combineHeaders(headers, newBetaHeaders)
+  }
+
   // 构建基础参数
   const params: StreamTextParams = {
     messages: sdkMessages,
-    maxOutputTokens: maxTokens,
+    maxOutputTokens: getMaxTokens(assistant, model),
     temperature: getTemperature(assistant, model),
+    topP: getTopP(assistant, model),
     abortSignal: options.requestOptions?.signal,
-    headers: options.requestOptions?.headers,
+    headers,
     providerOptions,
     stopWhen: stepCountIs(20),
     maxRetries: 0
   }
 
-  if (supportsTopP(model)) {
-    params.topP = getTopP(assistant, model)
-  }
-
   if (tools) {
     params.tools = tools
   }

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/__tests__/integratedRegistry.test.ts

@@ -23,6 +23,26 @@ vi.mock('@cherrystudio/ai-core', () => ({
   }
 }))
 
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
+  getProviderByModel: vi.fn(),
+  getAssistantSettings: vi.fn(),
+  getDefaultAssistant: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+    id: 'default',
+    name: 'Default Assistant',
+    prompt: '',
+    settings: {}
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/settings', () => ({
+  default: {},
+  settingsSlice: {
+    name: 'settings',
+    reducer: vi.fn(),
+    actions: {}
+  }
+}))
+
 // Mock the provider configs
 vi.mock('../providerConfigs', () => ({
   initializeNewProviders: vi.fn()

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/__tests__/providerConfig.test.ts

@@ -12,7 +12,14 @@ vi.mock('@renderer/services/LoggerService', () => ({
 }))
 
 vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
-  getProviderByModel: vi.fn()
+  getProviderByModel: vi.fn(),
+  getAssistantSettings: vi.fn(),
+  getDefaultAssistant: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+    id: 'default',
+    name: 'Default Assistant',
+    prompt: '',
+    settings: {}
+  })
 }))
 
 vi.mock('@renderer/store', () => ({
@@ -34,7 +41,7 @@ vi.mock('@renderer/utils/api', () => ({
   }))
 }))
 
-vi.mock('@renderer/config/providers', async (importOriginal) => {
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/provider', async (importOriginal) => {
   const actual = (await importOriginal()) as any
   return {
     ...actual,
@@ -53,10 +60,21 @@ vi.mock('@renderer/hooks/useVertexAI', () => ({
   createVertexProvider: vi.fn()
 }))
 
-import { isCherryAIProvider, isPerplexityProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
+  getProviderByModel: vi.fn(),
+  getAssistantSettings: vi.fn(),
+  getDefaultAssistant: vi.fn().mockReturnValue({
+    id: 'default',
+    name: 'Default Assistant',
+    prompt: '',
+    settings: {}
+  })
+}))
+
 import { getProviderByModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import type { Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
 import { formatApiHost } from '@renderer/utils/api'
+import { isCherryAIProvider, isPerplexityProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 
 import { COPILOT_DEFAULT_HEADERS, COPILOT_EDITOR_VERSION, isCopilotResponsesModel } from '../constants'
 import { getActualProvider, providerToAiSdkConfig } from '../providerConfig'

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/config/azure-anthropic.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import type { Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+
+import { provider2Provider, startsWith } from './helper'
+import type { RuleSet } from './types'
+
+// https://platform.claude.com/docs/en/build-with-claude/claude-in-microsoft-foundry
+const AZURE_ANTHROPIC_RULES: RuleSet = {
+  rules: [
+    {
+      match: startsWith('claude'),
+      provider: (provider: Provider) => ({
+        ...provider,
+        type: 'anthropic',
+        apiHost: provider.apiHost + 'anthropic/v1',
+        id: 'azure-anthropic'
+      })
+    }
+  ],
+  fallbackRule: (provider: Provider) => provider
+}
+
+export const azureAnthropicProviderCreator = provider2Provider.bind(null, AZURE_ANTHROPIC_RULES)

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/factory.ts

@@ -2,8 +2,10 @@ import { hasProviderConfigByAlias, type ProviderId, resolveProviderConfigId } fr
 import { createProvider as createProviderCore } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import type { Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { isAzureOpenAIProvider, isAzureResponsesEndpoint } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import type { Provider as AiSdkProvider } from 'ai'
 
+import type { AiSdkConfig } from '../types'
 import { initializeNewProviders } from './providerInitialization'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('ProviderFactory')
@@ -55,9 +57,12 @@ function tryResolveProviderId(identifier: string): ProviderId | null {
  * 获取AI SDK Provider ID
  * 简化版：减少重复逻辑，利用通用解析函数
  */
-export function getAiSdkProviderId(provider: Provider): ProviderId | 'openai-compatible' {
+export function getAiSdkProviderId(provider: Provider): string {
   // 1. 尝试解析provider.id
   const resolvedFromId = tryResolveProviderId(provider.id)
+  if (isAzureOpenAIProvider(provider) && isAzureResponsesEndpoint(provider)) {
+    return 'azure-responses'
+  }
   if (resolvedFromId) {
     return resolvedFromId
   }
@@ -73,11 +78,11 @@ export function getAiSdkProviderId(provider: Provider): ProviderId | 'openai-com
   if (provider.apiHost.includes('api.openai.com')) {
     return 'openai-chat'
   }
-  // 3. 最后的fallback（通常会成为openai-compatible）
-  return provider.id as ProviderId
+  // 3. 最后的fallback（使用provider本身的id）
+  return provider.id
 }
 
-export async function createAiSdkProvider(config) {
+export async function createAiSdkProvider(config: AiSdkConfig): Promise<AiSdkProvider | null> {
   let localProvider: Awaited<AiSdkProvider> | null = null
   try {
     if (config.providerId === 'openai' && config.options?.mode === 'chat') {

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/providerConfig.ts

@@ -1,19 +1,5 @@
-import {
-  formatPrivateKey,
-  hasProviderConfig,
-  ProviderConfigFactory,
-  type ProviderId,
-  type ProviderSettingsMap
-} from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider'
+import { formatPrivateKey, hasProviderConfig, ProviderConfigFactory } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider'
 import { isOpenAIChatCompletionOnlyModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import {
-  isAnthropicProvider,
-  isAzureOpenAIProvider,
-  isCherryAIProvider,
-  isGeminiProvider,
-  isNewApiProvider,
-  isPerplexityProvider
-} from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import {
   getAwsBedrockAccessKeyId,
   getAwsBedrockApiKey,
@@ -21,14 +7,25 @@ import {
   getAwsBedrockRegion,
   getAwsBedrockSecretAccessKey
 } from '@renderer/hooks/useAwsBedrock'
-import { createVertexProvider, isVertexAIConfigured, isVertexProvider } from '@renderer/hooks/useVertexAI'
+import { createVertexProvider, isVertexAIConfigured } from '@renderer/hooks/useVertexAI'
 import { getProviderByModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
 import store from '@renderer/store'
 import { isSystemProvider, type Model, type Provider, SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
 import { formatApiHost, formatAzureOpenAIApiHost, formatVertexApiHost, routeToEndpoint } from '@renderer/utils/api'
+import {
+  isAnthropicProvider,
+  isAzureOpenAIProvider,
+  isCherryAIProvider,
+  isGeminiProvider,
+  isNewApiProvider,
+  isPerplexityProvider,
+  isVertexProvider
+} from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { cloneDeep } from 'lodash'
 
+import type { AiSdkConfig } from '../types'
 import { aihubmixProviderCreator, newApiResolverCreator, vertexAnthropicProviderCreator } from './config'
+import { azureAnthropicProviderCreator } from './config/azure-anthropic'
 import { COPILOT_DEFAULT_HEADERS } from './constants'
 import { getAiSdkProviderId } from './factory'
 
@@ -74,6 +71,9 @@ function handleSpecialProviders(model: Model, provider: Provider): Provider {
       return vertexAnthropicProviderCreator(model, provider)
     }
   }
+  if (isAzureOpenAIProvider(provider)) {
+    return azureAnthropicProviderCreator(model, provider)
+  }
   return provider
 }
 
@@ -131,13 +131,7 @@ export function getActualProvider(model: Model): Provider {
  * 将 Provider 配置转换为新 AI SDK 格式
  * 简化版：利用新的别名映射系统
  */
-export function providerToAiSdkConfig(
-  actualProvider: Provider,
-  model: Model
-): {
-  providerId: ProviderId | 'openai-compatible'
-  options: ProviderSettingsMap[keyof ProviderSettingsMap]
-} {
+export function providerToAiSdkConfig(actualProvider: Provider, model: Model): AiSdkConfig {
   const aiSdkProviderId = getAiSdkProviderId(actualProvider)
 
   // 构建基础配置
@@ -189,13 +183,12 @@ export function providerToAiSdkConfig(
     }
   }
   // azure
-  if (aiSdkProviderId === 'azure' || actualProvider.type === 'azure-openai') {
-    // extraOptions.apiVersion = actualProvider.apiVersion 默认使用v1，不使用azure endpoint
-    if (actualProvider.apiVersion === 'preview') {
-      extraOptions.mode = 'responses'
-    } else {
-      extraOptions.mode = 'chat'
-    }
+  // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-foundry/openai/latest
+  // https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/ai-foundry/openai/how-to/responses?tabs=python-key#responses-api
+  if (aiSdkProviderId === 'azure-responses') {
+    extraOptions.mode = 'responses'
+  } else if (aiSdkProviderId === 'azure') {
+    extraOptions.mode = 'chat'
   }
 
   // bedrock
@@ -225,10 +218,17 @@ export function providerToAiSdkConfig(
     baseConfig.baseURL += aiSdkProviderId === 'google-vertex' ? '/publishers/google' : '/publishers/anthropic/models'
   }
 
+  // cherryin
+  if (aiSdkProviderId === 'cherryin') {
+    if (model.endpoint_type) {
+      extraOptions.endpointType = model.endpoint_type
+    }
+  }
+
   if (hasProviderConfig(aiSdkProviderId) && aiSdkProviderId !== 'openai-compatible') {
     const options = ProviderConfigFactory.fromProvider(aiSdkProviderId, baseConfig, extraOptions)
     return {
-      providerId: aiSdkProviderId as ProviderId,
+      providerId: aiSdkProviderId,
       options
     }
   }

src/renderer/src/aiCore/provider/providerInitialization.ts

@@ -32,6 +32,14 @@ export const NEW_PROVIDER_CONFIGS: ProviderConfig[] = [
     supportsImageGeneration: true,
     aliases: ['vertexai-anthropic']
   },
+  {
+    id: 'azure-anthropic',
+    name: 'Azure AI Anthropic',
+    import: () => import('@ai-sdk/anthropic'),
+    creatorFunctionName: 'createAnthropic',
+    supportsImageGeneration: false,
+    aliases: ['azure-anthropic']
+  },
   {
     id: 'github-copilot-openai-compatible',
     name: 'GitHub Copilot OpenAI Compatible',

src/renderer/src/aiCore/trace/AiSdkSpanAdapter.ts

@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
 
     // 详细记录转换过程
     const operationId = attributes['ai.operationId']
-    logger.info('Converting AI SDK span to SpanEntity', {
+    logger.debug('Converting AI SDK span to SpanEntity', {
       spanName: spanName,
       operationId,
       spanTag,
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
     })
 
     if (tokenUsage) {
-      logger.info('Token usage data found', {
+      logger.debug('Token usage data found', {
         spanName: spanName,
         operationId,
         usage: tokenUsage,
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
     }
 
     if (inputs || outputs) {
-      logger.info('Input/Output data extracted', {
+      logger.debug('Input/Output data extracted', {
         spanName: spanName,
         operationId,
         hasInputs: !!inputs,
@@ -170,7 +170,7 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
     }
 
     if (Object.keys(typeSpecificData).length > 0) {
-      logger.info('Type-specific data extracted', {
+      logger.debug('Type-specific data extracted', {
         spanName: spanName,
         operationId,
         typeSpecificKeys: Object.keys(typeSpecificData),
@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ export class AiSdkSpanAdapter {
       modelName: modelName || this.extractModelFromAttributes(attributes)
     }
 
-    logger.info('AI SDK span successfully converted to SpanEntity', {
+    logger.debug('AI SDK span successfully converted to SpanEntity', {
       spanName: spanName,
       operationId,
       spanId: spanContext.spanId,

src/renderer/src/aiCore/types/index.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+/**
+ * This type definition file is only for renderer.
+ * It cannot be migrated to @renderer/types since files within it are actually being used by both main and renderer.
+ * If we do that, main would throw an error because it cannot import a module which imports a type from a browser-enviroment-only package.
+ * (ai-core package is set as browser-enviroment-only)
+ *
+ * TODO: We should separate them clearly. Keep renderer only types in renderer, and main only types in main, and shared types in shared.
+ */
+
+import type { ProviderSettingsMap } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider'
+
+export type AiSdkConfig = {
+  providerId: string
+  options: ProviderSettingsMap[keyof ProviderSettingsMap]
+}

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/image.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
+/**
+ * image.ts Unit Tests
+ * Tests for Gemini image generation utilities
+ */
+
+import type { Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
+import { describe, expect, it } from 'vitest'
+
+import { buildGeminiGenerateImageParams, isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel } from '../image'
+
+describe('image utils', () => {
+  describe('buildGeminiGenerateImageParams', () => {
+    it('should return correct response modalities', () => {
+      const result = buildGeminiGenerateImageParams()
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        responseModalities: ['TEXT', 'IMAGE']
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return an object with responseModalities property', () => {
+      const result = buildGeminiGenerateImageParams()
+
+      expect(result).toHaveProperty('responseModalities')
+      expect(Array.isArray(result.responseModalities)).toBe(true)
+      expect(result.responseModalities).toHaveLength(2)
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel', () => {
+    const mockOpenRouterProvider: Provider = {
+      id: SystemProviderIds.openrouter,
+      name: 'OpenRouter',
+      apiKey: 'test-key',
+      apiHost: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1',
+      isSystem: true
+    } as Provider
+
+    const mockOtherProvider: Provider = {
+      id: SystemProviderIds.openai,
+      name: 'OpenAI',
+      apiKey: 'test-key',
+      apiHost: 'https://api.openai.com/v1',
+      isSystem: true
+    } as Provider
+
+    it('should return true for OpenRouter Gemini 2.5 Flash Image model', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'google/gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash Image',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, mockOpenRouterProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('should return false for non-Gemini model on OpenRouter', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'openai/gpt-4',
+        name: 'GPT-4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, mockOpenRouterProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('should return false for Gemini model on non-OpenRouter provider', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash Image',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, mockOtherProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('should return false for Gemini model without image suffix', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'google/gemini-2.5-flash',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, mockOpenRouterProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(false)
+    })
+
+    it('should handle model ID with partial match', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'google/gemini-2.5-flash-image-generation',
+        name: 'Gemini Image Gen',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, mockOpenRouterProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(true)
+    })
+
+    it('should return false for custom provider', () => {
+      const customProvider: Provider = {
+        id: 'custom-provider-123',
+        name: 'Custom Provider',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://custom.com'
+      } as Provider
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-flash-image-preview',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash Image',
+        provider: 'custom-provider-123'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = isOpenRouterGeminiGenerateImageModel(model, customProvider)
+      expect(result).toBe(false)
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/mcp.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,435 @@
+/**
+ * mcp.ts Unit Tests
+ * Tests for MCP tools configuration and conversion utilities
+ */
+
+import type { MCPTool } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Tool } from 'ai'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools, setupToolsConfig } from '../mcp'
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('@logger', () => ({
+  loggerService: {
+    withContext: () => ({
+      debug: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn()
+    })
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/mcp-tools', () => ({
+  getMcpServerByTool: vi.fn(() => ({ id: 'test-server', autoApprove: false })),
+  isToolAutoApproved: vi.fn(() => false),
+  callMCPTool: vi.fn(async () => ({
+    content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Tool executed successfully' }],
+    isError: false
+  }))
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/userConfirmation', () => ({
+  requestToolConfirmation: vi.fn(async () => true)
+}))
+
+describe('mcp utils', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  describe('setupToolsConfig', () => {
+    it('should return undefined when no MCP tools provided', () => {
+      const result = setupToolsConfig()
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('should return undefined when empty MCP tools array provided', () => {
+      const result = setupToolsConfig([])
+      expect(result).toBeUndefined()
+    })
+
+    it('should convert MCP tools to AI SDK tools format', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'test-tool-1',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'test-tool',
+          description: 'A test tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              query: { type: 'string' }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = setupToolsConfig(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(result).not.toBeUndefined()
+      expect(Object.keys(result!)).toEqual(['test-tool'])
+      expect(result!['test-tool']).toHaveProperty('description')
+      expect(result!['test-tool']).toHaveProperty('inputSchema')
+      expect(result!['test-tool']).toHaveProperty('execute')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle multiple MCP tools', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'tool1-id',
+          serverId: 'server1',
+          serverName: 'server1',
+          name: 'tool1',
+          description: 'First tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'tool2-id',
+          serverId: 'server2',
+          serverName: 'server2',
+          name: 'tool2',
+          description: 'Second tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = setupToolsConfig(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(result).not.toBeUndefined()
+      expect(Object.keys(result!)).toHaveLength(2)
+      expect(Object.keys(result!)).toEqual(['tool1', 'tool2'])
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools', () => {
+    it('should convert single MCP tool to AI SDK tool', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'get-weather-id',
+          serverId: 'weather-server',
+          serverName: 'weather-server',
+          name: 'get-weather',
+          description: 'Get weather information',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              location: { type: 'string' }
+            },
+            required: ['location']
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(['get-weather'])
+
+      const tool = result['get-weather'] as Tool
+      expect(tool.description).toBe('Get weather information')
+      expect(tool.inputSchema).toBeDefined()
+      expect(typeof tool.execute).toBe('function')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle tool without description', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'no-desc-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'no-desc-tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(['no-desc-tool'])
+      const tool = result['no-desc-tool'] as Tool
+      expect(tool.description).toBe('Tool from test-server')
+    })
+
+    it('should convert empty tools array', () => {
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools([])
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should handle complex input schemas', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'complex-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'server',
+          serverName: 'server',
+          name: 'complex-tool',
+          description: 'Tool with complex schema',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              name: { type: 'string' },
+              age: { type: 'number' },
+              tags: {
+                type: 'array',
+                items: { type: 'string' }
+              },
+              metadata: {
+                type: 'object',
+                properties: {
+                  key: { type: 'string' }
+                }
+              }
+            },
+            required: ['name']
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(['complex-tool'])
+      const tool = result['complex-tool'] as Tool
+      expect(tool.inputSchema).toBeDefined()
+      expect(typeof tool.execute).toBe('function')
+    })
+
+    it('should preserve tool names with special characters', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'special-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'server',
+          serverName: 'server',
+          name: 'tool_with-special.chars',
+          description: 'Special chars tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+      expect(Object.keys(result)).toEqual(['tool_with-special.chars'])
+    })
+
+    it('should handle multiple tools with different schemas', () => {
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'string-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'server1',
+          serverName: 'server1',
+          name: 'string-tool',
+          description: 'String tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              input: { type: 'string' }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'number-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'server2',
+          serverName: 'server2',
+          name: 'number-tool',
+          description: 'Number tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              count: { type: 'number' }
+            }
+          }
+        },
+        {
+          id: 'boolean-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'server3',
+          serverName: 'server3',
+          name: 'boolean-tool',
+          description: 'Boolean tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {
+              enabled: { type: 'boolean' }
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const result = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+
+      expect(Object.keys(result).sort()).toEqual(['boolean-tool', 'number-tool', 'string-tool'])
+      expect(result['string-tool']).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result['number-tool']).toBeDefined()
+      expect(result['boolean-tool']).toBeDefined()
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('tool execution', () => {
+    it('should execute tool with user confirmation', async () => {
+      const { callMCPTool } = await import('@renderer/utils/mcp-tools')
+      const { requestToolConfirmation } = await import('@renderer/utils/userConfirmation')
+
+      vi.mocked(requestToolConfirmation).mockResolvedValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(callMCPTool).mockResolvedValue({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Success' }],
+        isError: false
+      })
+
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'test-exec-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'test-exec-tool',
+          description: 'Test execution tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const tools = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+      const tool = tools['test-exec-tool'] as Tool
+      const result = await tool.execute!({}, { messages: [], abortSignal: undefined, toolCallId: 'test-call-123' })
+
+      expect(requestToolConfirmation).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(callMCPTool).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Success' }],
+        isError: false
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle user cancellation', async () => {
+      const { requestToolConfirmation } = await import('@renderer/utils/userConfirmation')
+      const { callMCPTool } = await import('@renderer/utils/mcp-tools')
+
+      vi.mocked(requestToolConfirmation).mockResolvedValue(false)
+
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'cancelled-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'cancelled-tool',
+          description: 'Tool to cancel',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const tools = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+      const tool = tools['cancelled-tool'] as Tool
+      const result = await tool.execute!({}, { messages: [], abortSignal: undefined, toolCallId: 'cancel-call-123' })
+
+      expect(requestToolConfirmation).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(callMCPTool).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        content: [
+          {
+            type: 'text',
+            text: 'User declined to execute tool "cancelled-tool".'
+          }
+        ],
+        isError: false
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle tool execution error', async () => {
+      const { callMCPTool } = await import('@renderer/utils/mcp-tools')
+      const { requestToolConfirmation } = await import('@renderer/utils/userConfirmation')
+
+      vi.mocked(requestToolConfirmation).mockResolvedValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(callMCPTool).mockResolvedValue({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Error occurred' }],
+        isError: true
+      })
+
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'error-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'error-tool',
+          description: 'Tool that errors',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const tools = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+      const tool = tools['error-tool'] as Tool
+
+      await expect(
+        tool.execute!({}, { messages: [], abortSignal: undefined, toolCallId: 'error-call-123' })
+      ).rejects.toEqual({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Error occurred' }],
+        isError: true
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should auto-approve when enabled', async () => {
+      const { callMCPTool, isToolAutoApproved } = await import('@renderer/utils/mcp-tools')
+      const { requestToolConfirmation } = await import('@renderer/utils/userConfirmation')
+
+      vi.mocked(isToolAutoApproved).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(callMCPTool).mockResolvedValue({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Auto-approved success' }],
+        isError: false
+      })
+
+      const mcpTools: MCPTool[] = [
+        {
+          id: 'auto-approve-tool-id',
+          serverId: 'test-server',
+          serverName: 'test-server',
+          name: 'auto-approve-tool',
+          description: 'Auto-approved tool',
+          type: 'mcp',
+          inputSchema: {
+            type: 'object',
+            properties: {}
+          }
+        }
+      ]
+
+      const tools = convertMcpToolsToAiSdkTools(mcpTools)
+      const tool = tools['auto-approve-tool'] as Tool
+      const result = await tool.execute!({}, { messages: [], abortSignal: undefined, toolCallId: 'auto-call-123' })
+
+      expect(requestToolConfirmation).not.toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(callMCPTool).toHaveBeenCalled()
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        content: [{ type: 'text', text: 'Auto-approved success' }],
+        isError: false
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/options.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,545 @@
+/**
+ * options.ts Unit Tests
+ * Tests for building provider-specific options
+ */
+
+import type { Assistant, Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { OpenAIServiceTiers, SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { buildProviderOptions } from '../options'
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual = (await importOriginal()) as object
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    baseProviderIdSchema: {
+      safeParse: vi.fn((id) => {
+        const baseProviders = [
+          'openai',
+          'openai-chat',
+          'azure',
+          'azure-responses',
+          'huggingface',
+          'anthropic',
+          'google',
+          'xai',
+          'deepseek',
+          'openrouter',
+          'openai-compatible'
+        ]
+        if (baseProviders.includes(id)) {
+          return { success: true, data: id }
+        }
+        return { success: false }
+      })
+    },
+    customProviderIdSchema: {
+      safeParse: vi.fn((id) => {
+        const customProviders = ['google-vertex', 'google-vertex-anthropic', 'bedrock']
+        if (customProviders.includes(id)) {
+          return { success: true, data: id }
+        }
+        return { success: false, error: new Error('Invalid provider') }
+      })
+    }
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('../provider/factory', () => ({
+  getAiSdkProviderId: vi.fn((provider) => {
+    // Simulate the provider ID mapping
+    const mapping: Record<string, string> = {
+      [SystemProviderIds.gemini]: 'google',
+      [SystemProviderIds.openai]: 'openai',
+      [SystemProviderIds.anthropic]: 'anthropic',
+      [SystemProviderIds.grok]: 'xai',
+      [SystemProviderIds.deepseek]: 'deepseek',
+      [SystemProviderIds.openrouter]: 'openrouter'
+    }
+    return mapping[provider.id] || provider.id
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/config/models', async (importOriginal) => ({
+  ...(await importOriginal()),
+  isOpenAIModel: vi.fn((model) => model.id.includes('gpt') || model.id.includes('o1')),
+  isQwenMTModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+  isSupportFlexServiceTierModel: vi.fn(() => true),
+  isOpenAILLMModel: vi.fn(() => true),
+  SYSTEM_MODELS: {
+    defaultModel: [
+      { id: 'default-1', name: 'Default 1' },
+      { id: 'default-2', name: 'Default 2' },
+      { id: 'default-3', name: 'Default 3' }
+    ]
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock(import('@renderer/utils/provider'), async (importOriginal) => {
+  return {
+    ...(await importOriginal()),
+    isSupportServiceTierProvider: vi.fn((provider) => {
+      return [SystemProviderIds.openai, SystemProviderIds.groq].includes(provider.id)
+    })
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/settings', () => ({
+  default: (state = { settings: {} }) => state
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/hooks/useSettings', () => ({
+  getStoreSetting: vi.fn((key) => {
+    if (key === 'openAI') {
+      return { summaryText: 'off', verbosity: 'medium' } as any
+    }
+    return {}
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
+  getDefaultAssistant: vi.fn(() => ({
+    id: 'default',
+    name: 'Default Assistant',
+    settings: {}
+  })),
+  getAssistantSettings: vi.fn(() => ({
+    reasoning_effort: 'medium',
+    maxTokens: 4096
+  })),
+  getProviderByModel: vi.fn((model: Model) => ({
+    id: model.provider,
+    name: 'Mock Provider'
+  }))
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../reasoning', () => ({
+  getOpenAIReasoningParams: vi.fn(() => ({ reasoningEffort: 'medium' })),
+  getAnthropicReasoningParams: vi.fn(() => ({
+    thinking: { type: 'enabled', budgetTokens: 5000 }
+  })),
+  getGeminiReasoningParams: vi.fn(() => ({
+    thinkingConfig: { include_thoughts: true }
+  })),
+  getXAIReasoningParams: vi.fn(() => ({ reasoningEffort: 'high' })),
+  getBedrockReasoningParams: vi.fn(() => ({
+    reasoningConfig: { type: 'enabled', budgetTokens: 5000 }
+  })),
+  getReasoningEffort: vi.fn(() => ({ reasoningEffort: 'medium' })),
+  getCustomParameters: vi.fn(() => ({}))
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../image', () => ({
+  buildGeminiGenerateImageParams: vi.fn(() => ({
+    responseModalities: ['TEXT', 'IMAGE']
+  }))
+}))
+
+vi.mock('../websearch', () => ({
+  getWebSearchParams: vi.fn(() => ({ enable_search: true }))
+}))
+
+const ensureWindowApi = () => {
+  const globalWindow = window as any
+  globalWindow.api = globalWindow.api || {}
+  globalWindow.api.getAppInfo = globalWindow.api.getAppInfo || vi.fn(async () => ({ notesPath: '' }))
+}
+
+ensureWindowApi()
+
+describe('options utils', () => {
+  const mockAssistant: Assistant = {
+    id: 'test-assistant',
+    name: 'Test Assistant',
+    settings: {}
+  } as Assistant
+
+  const mockModel: Model = {
+    id: 'gpt-4',
+    name: 'GPT-4',
+    provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+  } as Model
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  describe('buildProviderOptions', () => {
+    describe('OpenAI provider', () => {
+      const openaiProvider: Provider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.openai,
+        name: 'OpenAI',
+        type: 'openai-response',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://api.openai.com/v1',
+        isSystem: true
+      } as Provider
+
+      it('should build basic OpenAI options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, mockModel, openaiProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('openai')
+        expect(result.openai).toBeDefined()
+      })
+
+      it('should include reasoning parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, mockModel, openaiProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.openai).toHaveProperty('reasoningEffort')
+        expect(result.openai.reasoningEffort).toBe('medium')
+      })
+
+      it('should include service tier when supported', () => {
+        const providerWithServiceTier: Provider = {
+          ...openaiProvider,
+          serviceTier: OpenAIServiceTiers.auto
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, mockModel, providerWithServiceTier, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.openai).toHaveProperty('serviceTier')
+        expect(result.openai.serviceTier).toBe(OpenAIServiceTiers.auto)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Anthropic provider', () => {
+      const anthropicProvider: Provider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.anthropic,
+        name: 'Anthropic',
+        type: 'anthropic',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://api.anthropic.com',
+        isSystem: true
+      } as Provider
+
+      const anthropicModel: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022',
+        name: 'Claude 3.5 Sonnet',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.anthropic
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should build basic Anthropic options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, anthropicModel, anthropicProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('anthropic')
+        expect(result.anthropic).toBeDefined()
+      })
+
+      it('should include reasoning parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, anthropicModel, anthropicProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.anthropic).toHaveProperty('thinking')
+        expect(result.anthropic.thinking).toEqual({
+          type: 'enabled',
+          budgetTokens: 5000
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Google provider', () => {
+      const googleProvider: Provider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.gemini,
+        name: 'Google',
+        type: 'gemini',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com',
+        isSystem: true,
+        models: [{ id: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp' }] as Model[]
+      } as Provider
+
+      const googleModel: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.0 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should build basic Google options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, googleModel, googleProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('google')
+        expect(result.google).toBeDefined()
+      })
+
+      it('should include reasoning parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, googleModel, googleProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.google).toHaveProperty('thinkingConfig')
+        expect(result.google.thinkingConfig).toEqual({
+          include_thoughts: true
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should include image generation parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, googleModel, googleProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: true
+        })
+
+        expect(result.google).toHaveProperty('responseModalities')
+        expect(result.google.responseModalities).toEqual(['TEXT', 'IMAGE'])
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('xAI provider', () => {
+      const xaiProvider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.grok,
+        name: 'xAI',
+        type: 'new-api',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://api.x.ai/v1',
+        isSystem: true,
+        models: [] as Model[]
+      } as Provider
+
+      const xaiModel: Model = {
+        id: 'grok-2-latest',
+        name: 'Grok 2',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.grok
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should build basic xAI options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, xaiModel, xaiProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('xai')
+        expect(result.xai).toBeDefined()
+      })
+
+      it('should include reasoning parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, xaiModel, xaiProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.xai).toHaveProperty('reasoningEffort')
+        expect(result.xai.reasoningEffort).toBe('high')
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('DeepSeek provider', () => {
+      const deepseekProvider: Provider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.deepseek,
+        name: 'DeepSeek',
+        type: 'openai',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://api.deepseek.com',
+        isSystem: true
+      } as Provider
+
+      const deepseekModel: Model = {
+        id: 'deepseek-chat',
+        name: 'DeepSeek Chat',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.deepseek
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should build basic DeepSeek options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, deepseekModel, deepseekProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('deepseek')
+        expect(result.deepseek).toBeDefined()
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('OpenRouter provider', () => {
+      const openrouterProvider: Provider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.openrouter,
+        name: 'OpenRouter',
+        type: 'openai',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://openrouter.ai/api/v1',
+        isSystem: true
+      } as Provider
+
+      const openrouterModel: Model = {
+        id: 'openai/gpt-4',
+        name: 'GPT-4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should build basic OpenRouter options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, openrouterModel, openrouterProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('openrouter')
+        expect(result.openrouter).toBeDefined()
+      })
+
+      it('should include web search parameters when enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, openrouterModel, openrouterProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: true,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result.openrouter).toHaveProperty('enable_search')
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Custom parameters', () => {
+      it('should merge custom parameters', async () => {
+        const { getCustomParameters } = await import('../reasoning')
+
+        vi.mocked(getCustomParameters).mockReturnValue({
+          custom_param: 'custom_value',
+          another_param: 123
+        })
+
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(
+          mockAssistant,
+          mockModel,
+          {
+            id: SystemProviderIds.openai,
+            name: 'OpenAI',
+            type: 'openai',
+            apiKey: 'test-key',
+            apiHost: 'https://api.openai.com/v1'
+          } as Provider,
+          {
+            enableReasoning: false,
+            enableWebSearch: false,
+            enableGenerateImage: false
+          }
+        )
+
+        expect(result.openai).toHaveProperty('custom_param')
+        expect(result.openai.custom_param).toBe('custom_value')
+        expect(result.openai).toHaveProperty('another_param')
+        expect(result.openai.another_param).toBe(123)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Multiple capabilities', () => {
+      const googleProvider = {
+        id: SystemProviderIds.gemini,
+        name: 'Google',
+        type: 'gemini',
+        apiKey: 'test-key',
+        apiHost: 'https://generativelanguage.googleapis.com',
+        isSystem: true,
+        models: [] as Model[]
+      } as Provider
+
+      const googleModel: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.0 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      it('should combine reasoning and image generation', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, googleModel, googleProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: true
+        })
+
+        expect(result.google).toHaveProperty('thinkingConfig')
+        expect(result.google).toHaveProperty('responseModalities')
+      })
+
+      it('should handle all capabilities enabled', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, googleModel, googleProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: true,
+          enableWebSearch: true,
+          enableGenerateImage: true
+        })
+
+        expect(result.google).toBeDefined()
+        expect(Object.keys(result.google).length).toBeGreaterThan(0)
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('Vertex AI providers', () => {
+      it('should map google-vertex to google', () => {
+        const vertexProvider = {
+          id: 'google-vertex',
+          name: 'Vertex AI',
+          type: 'vertexai',
+          apiKey: 'test-key',
+          apiHost: 'https://vertex-ai.googleapis.com',
+          models: [] as Model[]
+        } as Provider
+
+        const vertexModel: Model = {
+          id: 'gemini-2.0-flash-exp',
+          name: 'Gemini 2.0 Flash',
+          provider: 'google-vertex'
+        } as Model
+
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, vertexModel, vertexProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('google')
+      })
+
+      it('should map google-vertex-anthropic to anthropic', () => {
+        const vertexAnthropicProvider = {
+          id: 'google-vertex-anthropic',
+          name: 'Vertex AI Anthropic',
+          type: 'vertex-anthropic',
+          apiKey: 'test-key',
+          apiHost: 'https://vertex-ai.googleapis.com',
+          models: [] as Model[]
+        } as Provider
+
+        const vertexModel: Model = {
+          id: 'claude-3-5-sonnet-20241022',
+          name: 'Claude 3.5 Sonnet',
+          provider: 'google-vertex-anthropic'
+        } as Model
+
+        const result = buildProviderOptions(mockAssistant, vertexModel, vertexAnthropicProvider, {
+          enableReasoning: false,
+          enableWebSearch: false,
+          enableGenerateImage: false
+        })
+
+        expect(result).toHaveProperty('anthropic')
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/reasoning.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,967 @@
+/**
+ * reasoning.ts Unit Tests
+ * Tests for reasoning parameter generation utilities
+ */
+
+import { getStoreSetting } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
+import type { SettingsState } from '@renderer/store/settings'
+import type { Assistant, Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
+import { beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import {
+  getAnthropicReasoningParams,
+  getBedrockReasoningParams,
+  getCustomParameters,
+  getGeminiReasoningParams,
+  getOpenAIReasoningParams,
+  getReasoningEffort,
+  getXAIReasoningParams
+} from '../reasoning'
+
+function defaultGetStoreSetting<K extends keyof SettingsState>(key: K): SettingsState[K] {
+  if (key === 'openAI') {
+    return {
+      summaryText: 'auto',
+      verbosity: 'medium'
+    } as SettingsState[K]
+  }
+  return undefined as SettingsState[K]
+}
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('@logger', () => ({
+  loggerService: {
+    withContext: () => ({
+      debug: vi.fn(),
+      error: vi.fn(),
+      warn: vi.fn(),
+      info: vi.fn()
+    })
+  }
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/settings', () => ({
+  default: (state = { settings: {} }) => state
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/store/llm', () => ({
+  initialState: {},
+  default: (state = { llm: {} }) => state
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/config/constant', () => ({
+  DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS: 4096,
+  isMac: false,
+  isWin: false,
+  TOKENFLUX_HOST: 'mock-host'
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/provider', () => ({
+  isSupportEnableThinkingProvider: vi.fn((provider) => {
+    return [SystemProviderIds.dashscope, SystemProviderIds.silicon].includes(provider.id)
+  })
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/config/models', async (importOriginal) => {
+  const actual: any = await importOriginal()
+  return {
+    ...actual,
+    isReasoningModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isOpenAIDeepResearchModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isOpenAIModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isQwenReasoningModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedReasoningEffortModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    getThinkModelType: vi.fn(() => 'default'),
+    isDoubaoSeedAfter251015: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isDoubaoThinkingAutoModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isGrok4FastReasoningModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isGrokReasoningModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isOpenAIReasoningModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isQwenAlwaysThinkModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenHunyuanModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isSupportedThinkingTokenModel: vi.fn(() => false),
+    isGPT51SeriesModel: vi.fn(() => false)
+  }
+})
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/hooks/useSettings', () => ({
+  getStoreSetting: vi.fn(defaultGetStoreSetting)
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/services/AssistantService', () => ({
+  getAssistantSettings: vi.fn((assistant) => ({
+    maxTokens: assistant?.settings?.maxTokens || 4096,
+    reasoning_effort: assistant?.settings?.reasoning_effort
+  })),
+  getProviderByModel: vi.fn((model) => ({
+    id: model.provider,
+    name: 'Test Provider'
+  })),
+  getDefaultAssistant: vi.fn(() => ({
+    id: 'default',
+    name: 'Default Assistant',
+    settings: {}
+  }))
+}))
+
+const ensureWindowApi = () => {
+  const globalWindow = window as any
+  globalWindow.api = globalWindow.api || {}
+  globalWindow.api.getAppInfo = globalWindow.api.getAppInfo || vi.fn(async () => ({ notesPath: '' }))
+}
+
+ensureWindowApi()
+
+describe('reasoning utils', () => {
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    vi.resetAllMocks()
+  })
+
+  describe('getReasoningEffort', () => {
+    it('should return empty object for non-reasoning model', async () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-4',
+        name: 'GPT-4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should disable reasoning for OpenRouter when no reasoning effort set', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'anthropic/claude-sonnet-4',
+        name: 'Claude Sonnet 4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openrouter
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({ reasoning: { enabled: false, exclude: true } })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle Qwen models with enable_thinking', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel, isQwenReasoningModel } = await import(
+        '@renderer/config/models'
+      )
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isQwenReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'qwen-plus',
+        name: 'Qwen Plus',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.dashscope
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'medium'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toHaveProperty('enable_thinking')
+    })
+
+    it('should handle Claude models with thinking config', async () => {
+      const {
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel,
+        isReasoningModel,
+        isQwenReasoningModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel,
+        isSupportedReasoningEffortModel
+      } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isQwenReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-7-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.7 Sonnet',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.anthropic
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high',
+          maxTokens: 4096
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: 'enabled',
+          budget_tokens: expect.any(Number)
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle Gemini Flash models with thinking budget 0', async () => {
+      const {
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel,
+        isReasoningModel,
+        isQwenReasoningModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel,
+        isOpenAIDeepResearchModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel,
+        isSupportedThinkingTokenHunyuanModel,
+        isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel
+      } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIDeepResearchModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isQwenReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenDoubaoModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenQwenModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenHunyuanModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        extra_body: {
+          google: {
+            thinking_config: {
+              thinking_budget: 0
+            }
+          }
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle GPT-5.1 reasoning model with effort levels', async () => {
+      const {
+        isReasoningModel,
+        isOpenAIDeepResearchModel,
+        isSupportedReasoningEffortModel,
+        isGPT51SeriesModel,
+        getThinkModelType
+      } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIDeepResearchModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(getThinkModelType).mockReturnValue('gpt5_1')
+      vi.mocked(isGPT51SeriesModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-5.1',
+        name: 'GPT-5.1',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'none'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: 'none'
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle DeepSeek hybrid inference models', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'deepseek-v3.1',
+        name: 'DeepSeek V3.1',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.silicon
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        enable_thinking: true
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return medium effort for deep research models', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isOpenAIDeepResearchModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIDeepResearchModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'o3-deep-research',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({ reasoning_effort: 'medium' })
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty for groq provider', async () => {
+      const { getProviderByModel } = await import('@renderer/services/AssistantService')
+
+      vi.mocked(getProviderByModel).mockReturnValue({
+        id: 'groq',
+        name: 'Groq'
+      } as Provider)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'groq-model',
+        name: 'Groq Model',
+        provider: 'groq'
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getReasoningEffort(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getOpenAIReasoningParams', () => {
+    it('should return empty object for non-reasoning model', async () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-4',
+        name: 'GPT-4',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty when no reasoning effort set', async () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'o1-preview',
+        name: 'O1 Preview',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return reasoning effort for OpenAI models', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isOpenAIModel, isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel } = await import(
+        '@renderer/config/models'
+      )
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-5.1',
+        name: 'GPT 5.1',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: 'high',
+        reasoningSummary: 'auto'
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should include reasoning summary when not o1-pro', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isOpenAIModel, isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel } = await import(
+        '@renderer/config/models'
+      )
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-5',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'medium'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: 'medium',
+        reasoningSummary: 'auto'
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should not include reasoning summary for o1-pro', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isOpenAIDeepResearchModel, isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel } = await import(
+        '@renderer/config/models'
+      )
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIDeepResearchModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(getStoreSetting).mockReturnValue({ summaryText: 'off' } as any)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'o1-pro',
+        name: 'O1 Pro',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: 'high',
+        reasoningSummary: undefined
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should force medium effort for deep research models', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isOpenAIModel, isOpenAIDeepResearchModel, isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel } =
+        await import('@renderer/config/models')
+      const { getStoreSetting } = await import('@renderer/hooks/useSettings')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isOpenAIDeepResearchModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(getStoreSetting).mockReturnValue({ summaryText: 'off' } as any)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'o3-deep-research',
+        name: 'O3 Mini',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.openai
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningEffort: 'medium',
+        reasoningSummary: 'off'
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getAnthropicReasoningParams', () => {
+    it('should return empty for non-reasoning model', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-5-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.5 Sonnet',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.anthropic
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return disabled thinking when no reasoning effort', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-7-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.7 Sonnet',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.anthropic
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: 'disabled'
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return enabled thinking with budget for Claude models', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-7-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.7 Sonnet',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.anthropic
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'medium',
+          maxTokens: 4096
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinking: {
+          type: 'enabled',
+          budgetTokens: 2048
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getGeminiReasoningParams', () => {
+    it('should return empty for non-reasoning model', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.0-flash',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.0 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should disable thinking for Flash models without reasoning effort', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-flash',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Flash',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: false,
+          thinkingBudget: 0
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should enable thinking with budget for reasoning effort', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-pro',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Pro',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'medium'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          thinkingBudget: 16448,
+          includeThoughts: true
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should enable thinking without budget for auto effort ratio > 1', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gemini-2.5-pro',
+        name: 'Gemini 2.5 Pro',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.gemini
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'auto'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          includeThoughts: true
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getXAIReasoningParams', () => {
+    it('should return empty for non-Grok model', async () => {
+      const { isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel).mockReturnValue(false)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'other-model',
+        name: 'Other Model',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.grok
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getXAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty when no reasoning effort', async () => {
+      const { isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'grok-2',
+        name: 'Grok 2',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.grok
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getXAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return reasoning effort for Grok models', async () => {
+      const { isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'grok-3',
+        name: 'Grok 3',
+        provider: SystemProviderIds.grok
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'high'
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getXAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toHaveProperty('reasoningEffort')
+      expect(result.reasoningEffort).toBe('high')
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getBedrockReasoningParams', () => {
+    it('should return empty for non-reasoning model', async () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'other-model',
+        name: 'Other Model',
+        provider: 'bedrock'
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty when no reasoning effort', async () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-7-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.7 Sonnet',
+        provider: 'bedrock'
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return reasoning config for Claude models on Bedrock', async () => {
+      const { isReasoningModel, isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel } = await import('@renderer/config/models')
+
+      vi.mocked(isReasoningModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+      vi.mocked(isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel).mockReturnValue(true)
+
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'claude-3-7-sonnet',
+        name: 'Claude 3.7 Sonnet',
+        provider: 'bedrock'
+      } as Model
+
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          reasoning_effort: 'medium',
+          maxTokens: 4096
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant, model)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        reasoningConfig: {
+          type: 'enabled',
+          budgetTokens: 2048
+        }
+      })
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('getCustomParameters', () => {
+    it('should return empty object when no custom parameters', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {}
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return custom parameters as key-value pairs', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          customParameters: [
+            { name: 'param1', value: 'value1', type: 'string' },
+            { name: 'param2', value: 123, type: 'number' }
+          ]
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        param1: 'value1',
+        param2: 123
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should parse JSON type parameters', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          customParameters: [{ name: 'config', value: '{"key": "value"}', type: 'json' }]
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        config: { key: 'value' }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle invalid JSON gracefully', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          customParameters: [{ name: 'invalid', value: '{invalid json', type: 'json' }]
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        invalid: '{invalid json'
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should handle undefined JSON value', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          customParameters: [{ name: 'undef', value: 'undefined', type: 'json' }]
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        undef: undefined
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should skip parameters with empty names', async () => {
+      const assistant: Assistant = {
+        id: 'test',
+        name: 'Test',
+        settings: {
+          customParameters: [
+            { name: '', value: 'value1', type: 'string' },
+            { name: '  ', value: 'value2', type: 'string' },
+            { name: 'valid', value: 'value3', type: 'string' }
+          ]
+        }
+      } as Assistant
+
+      const result = getCustomParameters(assistant)
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        valid: 'value3'
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/__tests__/websearch.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,384 @@
+/**
+ * websearch.ts Unit Tests
+ * Tests for web search parameters generation utilities
+ */
+
+import type { CherryWebSearchConfig } from '@renderer/store/websearch'
+import type { Model } from '@renderer/types'
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from 'vitest'
+
+import { buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig, getWebSearchParams } from '../websearch'
+
+// Mock dependencies
+vi.mock('@renderer/config/models', () => ({
+  isOpenAIWebSearchChatCompletionOnlyModel: vi.fn((model) => model?.id?.includes('o1-pro') ?? false),
+  isOpenAIDeepResearchModel: vi.fn((model) => model?.id?.includes('o3-mini') ?? false)
+}))
+
+vi.mock('@renderer/utils/blacklistMatchPattern', () => ({
+  mapRegexToPatterns: vi.fn((patterns) => patterns || [])
+}))
+
+describe('websearch utils', () => {
+  describe('getWebSearchParams', () => {
+    it('should return enhancement params for hunyuan provider', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'hunyuan-model',
+        name: 'Hunyuan Model',
+        provider: 'hunyuan'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = getWebSearchParams(model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        enable_enhancement: true,
+        citation: true,
+        search_info: true
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return search params for dashscope provider', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'qwen-model',
+        name: 'Qwen Model',
+        provider: 'dashscope'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = getWebSearchParams(model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        enable_search: true,
+        search_options: {
+          forced_search: true
+        }
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return web_search_options for OpenAI web search models', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'o1-pro',
+        name: 'O1 Pro',
+        provider: 'openai'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = getWebSearchParams(model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({
+        web_search_options: {}
+      })
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty object for other providers', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'gpt-4',
+        name: 'GPT-4',
+        provider: 'openai'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = getWebSearchParams(model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+
+    it('should return empty object for custom provider', () => {
+      const model: Model = {
+        id: 'custom-model',
+        name: 'Custom Model',
+        provider: 'custom-provider'
+      } as Model
+
+      const result = getWebSearchParams(model)
+
+      expect(result).toEqual({})
+    })
+  })
+
+  describe('buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig', () => {
+    const defaultWebSearchConfig: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+      searchWithTime: true,
+      maxResults: 50,
+      excludeDomains: []
+    }
+
+    describe('openai provider', () => {
+      it('should return low search context size for low maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 20,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openai: {
+            searchContextSize: 'low'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should return medium search context size for medium maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 50,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openai: {
+            searchContextSize: 'medium'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should return high search context size for high maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 80,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openai: {
+            searchContextSize: 'high'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should use medium for deep research models regardless of maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 100,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const model: Model = {
+          id: 'o3-mini',
+          name: 'O3 Mini',
+          provider: 'openai'
+        } as Model
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config, model)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openai: {
+            searchContextSize: 'medium'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('openai-chat provider', () => {
+      it('should return correct search context size', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 50,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai-chat', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          'openai-chat': {
+            searchContextSize: 'medium'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should handle deep research models', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 100,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const model: Model = {
+          id: 'o3-mini',
+          name: 'O3 Mini',
+          provider: 'openai'
+        } as Model
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai-chat', config, model)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          'openai-chat': {
+            searchContextSize: 'medium'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('anthropic provider', () => {
+      it('should return anthropic search options with maxUses', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('anthropic', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          anthropic: {
+            maxUses: 50,
+            blockedDomains: undefined
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should include blockedDomains when excludeDomains provided', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 30,
+          excludeDomains: ['example.com', 'test.com']
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('anthropic', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          anthropic: {
+            maxUses: 30,
+            blockedDomains: ['example.com', 'test.com']
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should not include blockedDomains when empty', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('anthropic', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          anthropic: {
+            maxUses: 50,
+            blockedDomains: undefined
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('xai provider', () => {
+      it('should return xai search options', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('xai', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          xai: {
+            maxSearchResults: 50,
+            returnCitations: true,
+            sources: [{ type: 'web', excludedWebsites: [] }, { type: 'news' }, { type: 'x' }],
+            mode: 'on'
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should limit excluded websites to 5', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 40,
+          excludeDomains: ['site1.com', 'site2.com', 'site3.com', 'site4.com', 'site5.com', 'site6.com', 'site7.com']
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('xai', config)
+
+        expect(result?.xai?.sources).toBeDefined()
+        const webSource = result?.xai?.sources?.[0]
+        if (webSource && webSource.type === 'web') {
+          expect(webSource.excludedWebsites).toHaveLength(5)
+        }
+      })
+
+      it('should include all sources types', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('xai', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result?.xai?.sources).toHaveLength(3)
+        expect(result?.xai?.sources?.[0].type).toBe('web')
+        expect(result?.xai?.sources?.[1].type).toBe('news')
+        expect(result?.xai?.sources?.[2].type).toBe('x')
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('openrouter provider', () => {
+      it('should return openrouter plugins config', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openrouter', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openrouter: {
+            plugins: [
+              {
+                id: 'web',
+                max_results: 50
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        })
+      })
+
+      it('should respect custom maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = {
+          searchWithTime: true,
+          maxResults: 75,
+          excludeDomains: []
+        }
+
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openrouter', config)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({
+          openrouter: {
+            plugins: [
+              {
+                id: 'web',
+                max_results: 75
+              }
+            ]
+          }
+        })
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('unsupported provider', () => {
+      it('should return empty object for unsupported provider', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('unsupported' as any, defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({})
+      })
+
+      it('should return empty object for google provider', () => {
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('google', defaultWebSearchConfig)
+
+        expect(result).toEqual({})
+      })
+    })
+
+    describe('edge cases', () => {
+      it('should handle maxResults at boundary values', () => {
+        // Test boundary at 33 (low/medium)
+        const config33: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 33, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result33 = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config33)
+        expect(result33?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('low')
+
+        // Test boundary at 34 (medium)
+        const config34: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 34, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result34 = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config34)
+        expect(result34?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('medium')
+
+        // Test boundary at 66 (medium)
+        const config66: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 66, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result66 = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config66)
+        expect(result66?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('medium')
+
+        // Test boundary at 67 (high)
+        const config67: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 67, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result67 = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config67)
+        expect(result67?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('high')
+      })
+
+      it('should handle zero maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 0, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config)
+        expect(result?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('low')
+      })
+
+      it('should handle very large maxResults', () => {
+        const config: CherryWebSearchConfig = { searchWithTime: true, maxResults: 1000, excludeDomains: [] }
+        const result = buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig('openai', config)
+        expect(result?.openai?.searchContextSize).toBe('high')
+      })
+    })
+  })
+})

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/options.ts

@@ -1,16 +1,38 @@
+import type { BedrockProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock'
+import type { AnthropicProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/anthropic'
+import type { GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/google'
+import type { OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
+import type { XaiProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/xai'
 import { baseProviderIdSchema, customProviderIdSchema } from '@cherrystudio/ai-core/provider'
-import { isOpenAIModel, isQwenMTModel, isSupportFlexServiceTierModel } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { isSupportServiceTierProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
-import { mapLanguageToQwenMTModel } from '@renderer/config/translate'
-import type { Assistant, Model, Provider } from '@renderer/types'
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import {
+  getModelSupportedVerbosity,
+  isOpenAIModel,
+  isQwenMTModel,
+  isSupportFlexServiceTierModel,
+  isSupportVerbosityModel
+} from '@renderer/config/models'
+import { mapLanguageToQwenMTModel } from '@renderer/config/translate'
+import { getStoreSetting } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
+import {
+  type Assistant,
+  type GroqServiceTier,
   GroqServiceTiers,
+  type GroqSystemProvider,
   isGroqServiceTier,
+  isGroqSystemProvider,
   isOpenAIServiceTier,
   isTranslateAssistant,
+  type Model,
+  type NotGroqProvider,
+  type OpenAIServiceTier,
   OpenAIServiceTiers,
-  SystemProviderIds
+  type Provider,
+  type ServiceTier
 } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { OpenAIVerbosity } from '@renderer/types/aiCoreTypes'
+import { isSupportServiceTierProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
+import type { JSONValue } from 'ai'
 import { t } from 'i18next'
 
 import { getAiSdkProviderId } from '../provider/factory'
@@ -26,8 +48,33 @@ import {
 } from './reasoning'
 import { getWebSearchParams } from './websearch'
 
-// copy from BaseApiClient.ts
-const getServiceTier = (model: Model, provider: Provider) => {
+const logger = loggerService.withContext('aiCore.utils.options')
+
+function toOpenAIServiceTier(model: Model, serviceTier: ServiceTier): OpenAIServiceTier {
+  if (
+    !isOpenAIServiceTier(serviceTier) ||
+    (serviceTier === OpenAIServiceTiers.flex && !isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(model))
+  ) {
+    return undefined
+  } else {
+    return serviceTier
+  }
+}
+
+function toGroqServiceTier(model: Model, serviceTier: ServiceTier): GroqServiceTier {
+  if (
+    !isGroqServiceTier(serviceTier) ||
+    (serviceTier === GroqServiceTiers.flex && !isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(model))
+  ) {
+    return undefined
+  } else {
+    return serviceTier
+  }
+}
+
+function getServiceTier<T extends GroqSystemProvider>(model: Model, provider: T): GroqServiceTier
+function getServiceTier<T extends NotGroqProvider>(model: Model, provider: T): OpenAIServiceTier
+function getServiceTier<T extends Provider>(model: Model, provider: T): OpenAIServiceTier | GroqServiceTier {
   const serviceTierSetting = provider.serviceTier
 
   if (!isSupportServiceTierProvider(provider) || !isOpenAIModel(model) || !serviceTierSetting) {
@@ -35,24 +82,17 @@ const getServiceTier = (model: Model, provider: Provider) => {
   }
 
   // 处理不同供应商需要 fallback 到默认值的情况
-  if (provider.id === SystemProviderIds.groq) {
-    if (
-      !isGroqServiceTier(serviceTierSetting) ||
-      (serviceTierSetting === GroqServiceTiers.flex && !isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(model))
-    ) {
-      return undefined
-    }
+  if (isGroqSystemProvider(provider)) {
+    return toGroqServiceTier(model, serviceTierSetting)
   } else {
     // 其他 OpenAI 供应商，假设他们的服务层级设置和 OpenAI 完全相同
-    if (
-      !isOpenAIServiceTier(serviceTierSetting) ||
-      (serviceTierSetting === OpenAIServiceTiers.flex && !isSupportFlexServiceTierModel(model))
-    ) {
-      return undefined
-    }
+    return toOpenAIServiceTier(model, serviceTierSetting)
   }
+}
 
-  return serviceTierSetting
+function getVerbosity(): OpenAIVerbosity {
+  const openAI = getStoreSetting('openAI')
+  return openAI.verbosity
 }
 
 /**
@@ -69,12 +109,13 @@ export function buildProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   }
-): Record<string, any> {
+): Record<string, Record<string, JSONValue>> {
+  logger.debug('buildProviderOptions', { assistant, model, actualProvider, capabilities })
   const rawProviderId = getAiSdkProviderId(actualProvider)
   // 构建 provider 特定的选项
   let providerSpecificOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
-  const serviceTierSetting = getServiceTier(model, actualProvider)
-  providerSpecificOptions.serviceTier = serviceTierSetting
+  const serviceTier = getServiceTier(model, actualProvider)
+  const textVerbosity = getVerbosity()
   // 根据 provider 类型分离构建逻辑
   const { data: baseProviderId, success } = baseProviderIdSchema.safeParse(rawProviderId)
   if (success) {
@@ -84,14 +125,16 @@ export function buildProviderOptions(
       case 'openai-chat':
       case 'azure':
       case 'azure-responses':
-        providerSpecificOptions = {
-          ...buildOpenAIProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities),
-          serviceTier: serviceTierSetting
+        {
+          const options: OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions = buildOpenAIProviderOptions(
+            assistant,
+            model,
+            capabilities,
+            serviceTier
+          )
+          providerSpecificOptions = options
         }
         break
-      case 'huggingface':
-        providerSpecificOptions = buildOpenAIProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
-        break
       case 'anthropic':
         providerSpecificOptions = buildAnthropicProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
         break
@@ -109,12 +152,19 @@ export function buildProviderOptions(
         // 对于其他 provider，使用通用的构建逻辑
         providerSpecificOptions = {
           ...buildGenericProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities),
-          serviceTier: serviceTierSetting
+          serviceTier,
+          textVerbosity
         }
         break
       }
       case 'cherryin':
-        providerSpecificOptions = buildCherryInProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities, actualProvider)
+        providerSpecificOptions = buildCherryInProviderOptions(
+          assistant,
+          model,
+          capabilities,
+          actualProvider,
+          serviceTier
+        )
         break
       default:
         throw new Error(`Unsupported base provider ${baseProviderId}`)
@@ -128,17 +178,22 @@ export function buildProviderOptions(
         case 'google-vertex':
           providerSpecificOptions = buildGeminiProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
           break
+        case 'azure-anthropic':
         case 'google-vertex-anthropic':
           providerSpecificOptions = buildAnthropicProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
           break
         case 'bedrock':
           providerSpecificOptions = buildBedrockProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
           break
+        case 'huggingface':
+          providerSpecificOptions = buildOpenAIProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities, serviceTier)
+          break
         default:
           // 对于其他 provider，使用通用的构建逻辑
           providerSpecificOptions = {
             ...buildGenericProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities),
-            serviceTier: serviceTierSetting
+            serviceTier,
+            textVerbosity
           }
       }
     } else {
@@ -152,13 +207,18 @@ export function buildProviderOptions(
     ...getCustomParameters(assistant)
   }
 
-  const rawProviderKey =
+  let rawProviderKey =
     {
       'google-vertex': 'google',
       'google-vertex-anthropic': 'anthropic',
+      'azure-anthropic': 'anthropic',
       'ai-gateway': 'gateway'
     }[rawProviderId] || rawProviderId
 
+  if (rawProviderKey === 'cherryin') {
+    rawProviderKey = { gemini: 'google' }[actualProvider.type] || actualProvider.type
+  }
+
   // 返回 AI Core SDK 要求的格式：{ 'providerId': providerOptions }
   return {
     [rawProviderKey]: providerSpecificOptions
@@ -175,10 +235,11 @@ function buildOpenAIProviderOptions(
     enableReasoning: boolean
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
-  }
-): Record<string, any> {
+  },
+  serviceTier: OpenAIServiceTier
+): OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions {
   const { enableReasoning } = capabilities
-  let providerOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
+  let providerOptions: OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions = {}
   // OpenAI 推理参数
   if (enableReasoning) {
     const reasoningParams = getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant, model)
@@ -187,6 +248,28 @@ function buildOpenAIProviderOptions(
       ...reasoningParams
     }
   }
+
+  if (isSupportVerbosityModel(model)) {
+    const openAI = getStoreSetting<'openAI'>('openAI')
+    const userVerbosity = openAI?.verbosity
+
+    if (userVerbosity && ['low', 'medium', 'high'].includes(userVerbosity)) {
+      const supportedVerbosity = getModelSupportedVerbosity(model)
+      // Use user's verbosity if supported, otherwise use the first supported option
+      const verbosity = supportedVerbosity.includes(userVerbosity) ? userVerbosity : supportedVerbosity[0]
+
+      providerOptions = {
+        ...providerOptions,
+        textVerbosity: verbosity
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
+  providerOptions = {
+    ...providerOptions,
+    serviceTier
+  }
+
   return providerOptions
 }
 
@@ -201,9 +284,9 @@ function buildAnthropicProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   }
-): Record<string, any> {
+): AnthropicProviderOptions {
   const { enableReasoning } = capabilities
-  let providerOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
+  let providerOptions: AnthropicProviderOptions = {}
 
   // Anthropic 推理参数
   if (enableReasoning) {
@@ -228,9 +311,9 @@ function buildGeminiProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   }
-): Record<string, any> {
+): GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions {
   const { enableReasoning, enableGenerateImage } = capabilities
-  let providerOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
+  let providerOptions: GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions = {}
 
   // Gemini 推理参数
   if (enableReasoning) {
@@ -259,7 +342,7 @@ function buildXAIProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   }
-): Record<string, any> {
+): XaiProviderOptions {
   const { enableReasoning } = capabilities
   let providerOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
 
@@ -282,16 +365,12 @@ function buildCherryInProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   },
-  actualProvider: Provider
-): Record<string, any> {
-  const serviceTierSetting = getServiceTier(model, actualProvider)
-
+  actualProvider: Provider,
+  serviceTier: OpenAIServiceTier
+): OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions | AnthropicProviderOptions | GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions {
   switch (actualProvider.type) {
     case 'openai':
-      return {
-        ...buildOpenAIProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities),
-        serviceTier: serviceTierSetting
-      }
+      return buildOpenAIProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities, serviceTier)
 
     case 'anthropic':
       return buildAnthropicProviderOptions(assistant, model, capabilities)
@@ -313,9 +392,9 @@ function buildBedrockProviderOptions(
     enableWebSearch: boolean
     enableGenerateImage: boolean
   }
-): Record<string, any> {
+): BedrockProviderOptions {
   const { enableReasoning } = capabilities
-  let providerOptions: Record<string, any> = {}
+  let providerOptions: BedrockProviderOptions = {}
 
   if (enableReasoning) {
     const reasoningParams = getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant, model)

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/reasoning.ts

@@ -1,3 +1,8 @@
+import type { BedrockProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/amazon-bedrock'
+import type { AnthropicProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/anthropic'
+import type { GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/google'
+import type { OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/openai'
+import type { XaiProviderOptions } from '@ai-sdk/xai'
 import { loggerService } from '@logger'
 import { DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS } from '@renderer/config/constant'
 import {
@@ -7,6 +12,8 @@ import {
   isDeepSeekHybridInferenceModel,
   isDoubaoSeedAfter251015,
   isDoubaoThinkingAutoModel,
+  isGemini3Model,
+  isGPT51SeriesModel,
   isGrok4FastReasoningModel,
   isGrokReasoningModel,
   isOpenAIDeepResearchModel,
@@ -27,13 +34,13 @@ import {
   isSupportedThinkingTokenZhipuModel,
   MODEL_SUPPORTED_REASONING_EFFORT
 } from '@renderer/config/models'
-import { isSupportEnableThinkingProvider } from '@renderer/config/providers'
 import { getStoreSetting } from '@renderer/hooks/useSettings'
 import { getAssistantSettings, getProviderByModel } from '@renderer/services/AssistantService'
-import type { SettingsState } from '@renderer/store/settings'
-import type { Assistant, Model } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { Assistant, Model, ReasoningEffortOption } from '@renderer/types'
 import { EFFORT_RATIO, isSystemProvider, SystemProviderIds } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { OpenAISummaryText } from '@renderer/types/aiCoreTypes'
 import type { ReasoningEffortOptionalParams } from '@renderer/types/sdk'
+import { isSupportEnableThinkingProvider } from '@renderer/utils/provider'
 import { toInteger } from 'lodash'
 
 const logger = loggerService.withContext('reasoning')
@@ -56,13 +63,20 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
   }
   const reasoningEffort = assistant?.settings?.reasoning_effort
 
-  if (!reasoningEffort) {
+  // Handle undefined and 'none' reasoningEffort.
+  // TODO: They should be separated.
+  if (!reasoningEffort || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
     // openrouter: use reasoning
     if (model.provider === SystemProviderIds.openrouter) {
       // Don't disable reasoning for Gemini models that support thinking tokens
       if (isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel(model) && !GEMINI_FLASH_MODEL_REGEX.test(model.id)) {
         return {}
       }
+      // 'none' is not an available value for effort for now.
+      // I think they should resolve this issue soon, so I'll just go ahead and use this value.
+      if (isGPT51SeriesModel(model) && reasoningEffort === 'none') {
+        return { reasoning: { effort: 'none' } }
+      }
       // Don't disable reasoning for models that require it
       if (
         isGrokReasoningModel(model) ||
@@ -117,6 +131,13 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
       return { thinking: { type: 'disabled' } }
     }
 
+    // Specially for GPT-5.1. Suppose this is a OpenAI Compatible provider
+    if (isGPT51SeriesModel(model)) {
+      return {
+        reasoningEffort: 'none'
+      }
+    }
+
     return {}
   }
 
@@ -259,6 +280,12 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
 
   // gemini series, openai compatible api
   if (isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel(model)) {
+    // https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/gemini-3?thinking=high#openai_compatibility
+    if (isGemini3Model(model)) {
+      return {
+        reasoning_effort: reasoningEffort
+      }
+    }
     if (reasoningEffort === 'auto') {
       return {
         extra_body: {
@@ -322,10 +349,14 @@ export function getReasoningEffort(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Reasonin
 }
 
 /**
- * 获取 OpenAI 推理参数
- * 从 OpenAIResponseAPIClient 和 OpenAIAPIClient 中提取的逻辑
+ * Get OpenAI reasoning parameters
+ * Extracted from OpenAIResponseAPIClient and OpenAIAPIClient logic
+ * For official OpenAI provider only
  */
-export function getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Record<string, any> {
+export function getOpenAIReasoningParams(
+  assistant: Assistant,
+  model: Model
+): Pick<OpenAIResponsesProviderOptions, 'reasoningEffort' | 'reasoningSummary'> {
   if (!isReasoningModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
@@ -336,6 +367,10 @@ export function getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
     return {}
   }
 
+  if (isOpenAIDeepResearchModel(model) || reasoningEffort === 'auto') {
+    reasoningEffort = 'medium'
+  }
+
   // 非OpenAI模型，但是Provider类型是responses/azure openai的情况
   if (!isOpenAIModel(model)) {
     return {
@@ -343,21 +378,17 @@ export function getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
     }
   }
 
-  const openAI = getStoreSetting('openAI') as SettingsState['openAI']
-  const summaryText = openAI?.summaryText || 'off'
+  const openAI = getStoreSetting('openAI')
+  const summaryText = openAI.summaryText
 
-  let reasoningSummary: string | undefined = undefined
+  let reasoningSummary: OpenAISummaryText = undefined
 
-  if (summaryText === 'off' || model.id.includes('o1-pro')) {
+  if (model.id.includes('o1-pro')) {
     reasoningSummary = undefined
   } else {
     reasoningSummary = summaryText
   }
 
-  if (isOpenAIDeepResearchModel(model)) {
-    reasoningEffort = 'medium'
-  }
-
   // OpenAI 推理参数
   if (isSupportedReasoningEffortOpenAIModel(model)) {
     return {
@@ -369,19 +400,26 @@ export function getOpenAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
   return {}
 }
 
-export function getAnthropicThinkingBudget(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): number {
-  const { maxTokens, reasoning_effort: reasoningEffort } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
-  if (reasoningEffort === undefined) {
-    return 0
+export function getAnthropicThinkingBudget(
+  maxTokens: number | undefined,
+  reasoningEffort: string | undefined,
+  modelId: string
+): number | undefined {
+  if (reasoningEffort === undefined || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
+    return undefined
   }
   const effortRatio = EFFORT_RATIO[reasoningEffort]
 
+  const tokenLimit = findTokenLimit(modelId)
+  if (!tokenLimit) {
+    return undefined
+  }
+
   const budgetTokens = Math.max(
     1024,
     Math.floor(
       Math.min(
-        (findTokenLimit(model.id)?.max! - findTokenLimit(model.id)?.min!) * effortRatio +
-          findTokenLimit(model.id)?.min!,
+        (tokenLimit.max - tokenLimit.min) * effortRatio + tokenLimit.min,
         (maxTokens || DEFAULT_MAX_TOKENS) * effortRatio
       )
     )
@@ -393,14 +431,17 @@ export function getAnthropicThinkingBudget(assistant: Assistant, model: Model):
  * 获取 Anthropic 推理参数
  * 从 AnthropicAPIClient 中提取的逻辑
  */
-export function getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Record<string, any> {
+export function getAnthropicReasoningParams(
+  assistant: Assistant,
+  model: Model
+): Pick<AnthropicProviderOptions, 'thinking'> {
   if (!isReasoningModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
 
   const reasoningEffort = assistant?.settings?.reasoning_effort
 
-  if (reasoningEffort === undefined) {
+  if (reasoningEffort === undefined || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
     return {
       thinking: {
         type: 'disabled'
@@ -410,7 +451,8 @@ export function getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model):
 
   // Claude 推理参数
   if (isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel(model)) {
-    const budgetTokens = getAnthropicThinkingBudget(assistant, model)
+    const { maxTokens } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
+    const budgetTokens = getAnthropicThinkingBudget(maxTokens, reasoningEffort, model.id)
 
     return {
       thinking: {
@@ -423,13 +465,31 @@ export function getAnthropicReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model):
   return {}
 }
 
+type GoogelThinkingLevel = NonNullable<GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions['thinkingConfig']>['thinkingLevel']
+
+function mapToGeminiThinkingLevel(reasoningEffort: ReasoningEffortOption): GoogelThinkingLevel {
+  switch (reasoningEffort) {
+    case 'low':
+      return 'low'
+    case 'medium':
+      return 'medium'
+    case 'high':
+      return 'high'
+    default:
+      return 'medium'
+  }
+}
+
 /**
  * 获取 Gemini 推理参数
  * 从 GeminiAPIClient 中提取的逻辑
  * 注意：Gemini/GCP 端点所使用的 thinkingBudget 等参数应该按照驼峰命名法传递
  * 而在 Google 官方提供的 OpenAI 兼容端点中则使用蛇形命名法 thinking_budget
  */
-export function getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Record<string, any> {
+export function getGeminiReasoningParams(
+  assistant: Assistant,
+  model: Model
+): Pick<GoogleGenerativeAIProviderOptions, 'thinkingConfig'> {
   if (!isReasoningModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
@@ -438,7 +498,7 @@ export function getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
 
   // Gemini 推理参数
   if (isSupportedThinkingTokenGeminiModel(model)) {
-    if (reasoningEffort === undefined) {
+    if (reasoningEffort === undefined || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
       return {
         thinkingConfig: {
           includeThoughts: false,
@@ -447,6 +507,15 @@ export function getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
       }
     }
 
+    // https://ai.google.dev/gemini-api/docs/gemini-3?thinking=high#new_api_features_in_gemini_3
+    if (isGemini3Model(model)) {
+      return {
+        thinkingConfig: {
+          thinkingLevel: mapToGeminiThinkingLevel(reasoningEffort)
+        }
+      }
+    }
+
     const effortRatio = EFFORT_RATIO[reasoningEffort]
 
     if (effortRatio > 1) {
@@ -478,27 +547,35 @@ export function getGeminiReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Re
  * @param model - The model being used
  * @returns XAI-specific reasoning parameters
  */
-export function getXAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Record<string, any> {
+export function getXAIReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Pick<XaiProviderOptions, 'reasoningEffort'> {
   if (!isSupportedReasoningEffortGrokModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
 
   const { reasoning_effort: reasoningEffort } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
 
-  if (!reasoningEffort) {
+  if (!reasoningEffort || reasoningEffort === 'none') {
     return {}
   }
 
-  // For XAI provider Grok models, use reasoningEffort parameter directly
-  return {
-    reasoningEffort
+  switch (reasoningEffort) {
+    case 'auto':
+    case 'minimal':
+    case 'medium':
+      return { reasoningEffort: 'low' }
+    case 'low':
+    case 'high':
+      return { reasoningEffort }
   }
 }
 
 /**
  * Get Bedrock reasoning parameters
  */
-export function getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): Record<string, any> {
+export function getBedrockReasoningParams(
+  assistant: Assistant,
+  model: Model
+): Pick<BedrockProviderOptions, 'reasoningConfig'> {
   if (!isReasoningModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
@@ -509,12 +586,21 @@ export function getBedrockReasoningParams(assistant: Assistant, model: Model): R
     return {}
   }
 
+  if (reasoningEffort === 'none') {
+    return {
+      reasoningConfig: {
+        type: 'disabled'
+      }
+    }
+  }
+
   // Only apply thinking budget for Claude reasoning models
   if (!isSupportedThinkingTokenClaudeModel(model)) {
     return {}
   }
 
-  const budgetTokens = getAnthropicThinkingBudget(assistant, model)
+  const { maxTokens } = getAssistantSettings(assistant)
+  const budgetTokens = getAnthropicThinkingBudget(maxTokens, reasoningEffort, model.id)
   return {
     reasoningConfig: {
       type: 'enabled',

src/renderer/src/aiCore/utils/websearch.ts

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ export function buildProviderBuiltinWebSearchConfig(
   model?: Model
 ): WebSearchPluginConfig | undefined {
   switch (providerId) {
+    case 'azure-responses':
     case 'openai': {
       const searchContextSize = isOpenAIDeepResearchModel(model)
         ? 'medium'

src/renderer/src/components/ContentSearch.tsx

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { ActionIconButton } from '@renderer/components/Buttons'
 import NarrowLayout from '@renderer/pages/home/Messages/NarrowLayout'
+import { scrollElementIntoView } from '@renderer/utils'
 import { Tooltip } from 'antd'
 import { debounce } from 'lodash'
 import { CaseSensitive, ChevronDown, ChevronUp, User, WholeWord, X } from 'lucide-react'
@@ -181,17 +182,14 @@ export const ContentSearch = React.forwardRef<ContentSearchRef, Props>(
             // 3. 将当前项滚动到视图中
             // 获取第一个文本节点的父元素来进行滚动
             const parentElement = currentMatchRange.startContainer.parentElement
-            if (shouldScroll) {
-              parentElement?.scrollIntoView({
-                behavior: 'smooth',
-                block: 'center',
-                inline: 'nearest'
-              })
+            if (shouldScroll && parentElement) {
+              // 优先在指定的滚动容器内滚动，避免滚动整个页面导致索引错乱/看起来"跳到第一条"
+              scrollElementIntoView(parentElement, target)
             }
           }
         }
       },
-      [allRanges, currentIndex]
+      [allRanges, currentIndex, target]
     )
 
     const search = useCallback(

src/renderer/src/components/EmojiPicker/index.tsx

@@ -1,35 +1,120 @@
+import 'emoji-picker-element'
+
 import TwemojiCountryFlagsWoff2 from '@renderer/assets/fonts/country-flag-fonts/TwemojiCountryFlags.woff2?url'
 import { useTheme } from '@renderer/context/ThemeProvider'
+import type { LanguageVarious } from '@renderer/types'
 import { polyfillCountryFlagEmojis } from 'country-flag-emoji-polyfill'
+// i18n translations from emoji-picker-element
+import de from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/de'
+import en from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/en'
+import es from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/es'
+import fr from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/fr'
+import ja from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/ja'
+import pt_PT from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/pt_PT'
+import ru_RU from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/ru_RU'
+import zh_CN from 'emoji-picker-element/i18n/zh_CN'
+import type Picker from 'emoji-picker-element/picker'
+import type { EmojiClickEvent, NativeEmoji } from 'emoji-picker-element/shared'
+// Emoji data from emoji-picker-element-data (local, no CDN)
+// Using CLDR format for full multi-language search support (28 languages)
+import dataDE from 'emoji-picker-element-data/de/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataEN from 'emoji-picker-element-data/en/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataES from 'emoji-picker-element-data/es/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataFR from 'emoji-picker-element-data/fr/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataJA from 'emoji-picker-element-data/ja/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataPT from 'emoji-picker-element-data/pt/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataRU from 'emoji-picker-element-data/ru/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataZH from 'emoji-picker-element-data/zh/cldr/data.json?url'
+import dataZH_HANT from 'emoji-picker-element-data/zh-hant/cldr/data.json?url'
 import type { FC } from 'react'
 import { useEffect, useRef } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
 
 interface Props {
   onEmojiClick: (emoji: string) => void
 }
 
+// Mapping from app locale to emoji-picker-element i18n
+const i18nMap: Record<LanguageVarious, typeof en> = {
+  'en-US': en,
+  'zh-CN': zh_CN,
+  'zh-TW': zh_CN, // Closest available
+  'de-DE': de,
+  'el-GR': en, // No Greek available, fallback to English
+  'es-ES': es,
+  'fr-FR': fr,
+  'ja-JP': ja,
+  'pt-PT': pt_PT,
+  'ru-RU': ru_RU
+}
+
+// Mapping from app locale to emoji data URL
+// Using CLDR format provides native language search support for all locales
+const dataSourceMap: Record<LanguageVarious, string> = {
+  'en-US': dataEN,
+  'zh-CN': dataZH,
+  'zh-TW': dataZH_HANT,
+  'de-DE': dataDE,
+  'el-GR': dataEN, // No Greek CLDR available, fallback to English
+  'es-ES': dataES,
+  'fr-FR': dataFR,
+  'ja-JP': dataJA,
+  'pt-PT': dataPT,
+  'ru-RU': dataRU
+}
+
+// Mapping from app locale to emoji-picker-element locale string
+// Must match the data source locale for proper IndexedDB caching
+const localeMap: Record<LanguageVarious, string> = {
+  'en-US': 'en',
+  'zh-CN': 'zh',
+  'zh-TW': 'zh-hant',
+  'de-DE': 'de',
+  'el-GR': 'en',
+  'es-ES': 'es',
+  'fr-FR': 'fr',
+  'ja-JP': 'ja',
+  'pt-PT': 'pt',
+  'ru-RU': 'ru'
+}
+
 const EmojiPicker: FC<Props> = ({ onEmojiClick }) => {
   const { theme } = useTheme()
-  const ref = useRef<HTMLDivElement>(null)
+  const { i18n } = useTranslation()
+  const ref = useRef<Picker>(null)
+  const currentLocale = i18n.language as LanguageVarious
 
   useEffect(() => {
     polyfillCountryFlagEmojis('Twemoji Mozilla', TwemojiCountryFlagsWoff2)
   }, [])
 
+  // Configure picker with i18n and dataSource
   useEffect(() => {
-    const refValue = ref.current
+    const picker = ref.current
+    if (picker) {
+      picker.i18n = i18nMap[currentLocale] || en
+      picker.dataSource = dataSourceMap[currentLocale] || dataEN
+      picker.locale = localeMap[currentLocale] || 'en'
+    }
+  }, [currentLocale])
 
-    if (refValue) {
-      const handleEmojiClick = (event: any) => {
+  useEffect(() => {
+    const picker = ref.current
+
+    if (picker) {
+      const handleEmojiClick = (event: EmojiClickEvent) => {
         event.stopPropagation()
-        onEmojiClick(event.detail.unicode || event.detail.emoji.unicode)
+        const { detail } = event
+        // Use detail.unicode (processed with skin tone) or fallback to emoji's unicode for native emoji
+        const unicode = detail.unicode || ('unicode' in detail.emoji ? (detail.emoji as NativeEmoji).unicode : '')
+        onEmojiClick(unicode)
       }
       // 添加事件监听器
-      refValue.addEventListener('emoji-click', handleEmojiClick)
+      picker.addEventListener('emoji-click', handleEmojiClick)
 
       // 清理事件监听器
       return () => {
-        refValue.removeEventListener('emoji-click', handleEmojiClick)
+        picker.removeEventListener('emoji-click', handleEmojiClick)
       }
     }
     return

src/renderer/src/components/MCPUIRenderer/MCPUIRenderer.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,157 @@
+import { loggerService } from '@logger'
+import type { UIActionResult } from '@mcp-ui/client'
+import { UIResourceRenderer } from '@mcp-ui/client'
+import type { EmbeddedResource } from '@modelcontextprotocol/sdk/types.js'
+import { isUIResource } from '@renderer/types'
+import type { FC } from 'react'
+import { useCallback, useState } from 'react'
+import { useTranslation } from 'react-i18next'
+import styled from 'styled-components'
+
+const logger = loggerService.withContext('MCPUIRenderer')
+
+interface Props {
+  resource: EmbeddedResource
+  serverId?: string
+  serverName?: string
+  onToolCall?: (toolName: string, params: any) => Promise<any>
+}
+
+const MCPUIRenderer: FC<Props> = ({ resource, onToolCall }) => {
+  const { t } = useTranslation()
+  const [error] = useState<string | null>(null)
+
+  const handleUIAction = useCallback(
+    async (result: UIActionResult): Promise<any> => {
+      logger.debug('UI Action received:', result)
+
+      try {
+        switch (result.type) {
+          case 'tool': {
+            // Handle tool call from UI
+            if (onToolCall) {
+              const { toolName, params } = result.payload
+              logger.info(`UI requesting tool call: ${toolName}`, { params })
+              const response = await onToolCall(toolName, params)
+
+              // Check if the response contains a UIResource
+              try {
+                if (response && response.content && Array.isArray(response.content)) {
+                  const firstContent = response.content[0]
+                  if (firstContent && firstContent.type === 'text' && firstContent.text) {
+                    const parsedText = JSON.parse(firstContent.text)
+                    if (isUIResource(parsedText)) {
+                      // Return the UIResource directly for rendering in the iframe
+                      logger.info('Tool response contains UIResource:', { uri: parsedText.resource.uri })
+                      return { status: 'success', data: parsedText }
+                    }
+                  }
+                }
+              } catch (parseError) {
+                // Not a UIResource, return the original response
+                logger.debug('Tool response is not a UIResource')
+              }
+
+              return { status: 'success', data: response }
+            } else {
+              logger.warn('Tool call requested but no handler provided')
+              return { status: 'error', message: 'Tool call handler not available' }
+            }
+          }
+
+          case 'intent': {
+            // Handle user intent
+            logger.info('UI intent:', result.payload)
+            window.toast.info(t('message.mcp.ui.intent_received'))
+            return { status: 'acknowledged' }
+          }
+
+          case 'notify': {
+            // Handle notification from UI
+            logger.info('UI notification:', result.payload)
+            window.toast.info(result.payload.message || t('message.mcp.ui.notification'))
+            return { status: 'acknowledged' }
+          }
+
+          case 'prompt': {
+            // Handle prompt request from UI
+            logger.info('UI prompt request:', result.payload)
+            // TODO: Integrate with prompt system
+            return { status: 'error', message: 'Prompt execution not yet implemented' }
+          }
+
+          case 'link': {
+            // Handle navigation request
+            const { url } = result.payload
+            logger.info('UI navigation request:', { url })
+            window.open(url, '_blank')
+            return { status: 'acknowledged' }
+          }
+
+          default:
+            logger.warn('Unknown UI action type:', { result })
+            return { status: 'error', message: 'Unknown action type' }
+        }
+      } catch (err) {
+        logger.error('Error handling UI action:', err as Error)
+        return {
+          status: 'error',
+          message: err instanceof Error ? err.message : 'Unknown error'
+        }
+      }
+    },
+    [onToolCall, t]
+  )
+
+  if (error) {
+    return (
+      <ErrorContainer>
+        <ErrorTitle>{t('message.mcp.ui.error')}</ErrorTitle>
+        <ErrorMessage>{error}</ErrorMessage>
+      </ErrorContainer>
+    )
+  }
+
+  return (
+    <UIContainer>
+      <UIResourceRenderer resource={resource} onUIAction={handleUIAction} />
+    </UIContainer>
+  )
+}
+
+const UIContainer = styled.div`
+  width: 100%;
+  min-height: 400px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  overflow: hidden;
+  background: var(--color-background);
+  border: 1px solid var(--color-border);
+
+  iframe {
+    width: 100%;
+    border: none;
+    min-height: 400px;
+    height: 600px;
+  }
+`
+
+const ErrorContainer = styled.div`
+  padding: 16px;
+  border-radius: 8px;
+  background: var(--color-error-bg, #fee);
+  border: 1px solid var(--color-error-border, #fcc);
+  color: var(--color-error-text, #c33);
+`
+
+const ErrorTitle = styled.div`
+  font-weight: 600;
+  margin-bottom: 8px;
+  font-size: 14px;
+`
+
+const ErrorMessage = styled.div`
+  font-size: 13px;
+  opacity: 0.9;
+`
+
+export default MCPUIRenderer